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DST-18108-202-78
018
DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE
PARAPHYSICS R&D-WARSAW
PACT (U)
FEBRUARY 1980
PREPARED BY
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·
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4 MAR 1980.
4 February 1980
SUBJECT: Notice of Change (DST-1810S-202-78-Chg 1)
TO: Recipients of DST-1810S-202-78
1. (U) Reference DST-1810S-202-78, "Paraphysics R&D-Warsaw Pact (U)," dated 30
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1
SECRET
DST-1810S-202-78-Chg 1
4 February 1980
PARAPHYSICS R&D-WARSAW PACT (U)
Authors:
I
DST-1810S-202-78
DIA TASK NO. PT-1810-18-76
DATE OF PUBLICATION
30 MARCH 1978
Information Cutoff Date
1 October 1979
This is a Department of Defense Intelligence Document prepared by the
Foreign Technology Division, Air Force Systems Command and approved by
Assistant Vice Directorate for Science and Technology Intelligence of the Defense
Intelligence Agency.
1
This doument has been processed for CIRC
1
WARNING NOTICE-INTELLIGENCE SOURCES AND METHODS INVOLVED
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NOT RELEASABLE TO CONTRACTORS
OR CONTRACTOR CONSULTANTS
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Review on 1 October 1999
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UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
"I did the best I could, let those who can do better."
L. L. Vasil'yev, 1961
)
iif
UNCLASSIFIED
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-CONFIDENTIAL-
DST-1810S-202-78-Chg 1
4 February 1980
PREFACE
(C) The purpose of this study is to review and assess Warsaw Pact country
activities in paraphysics research. This includes assessment of trends, current research,
and potential future achievements. Main concentration is on the USSR. Those topics
that are considered of high potential are emphasized, although other topics that may
have an indirect influence are also considered. This study has also been updated to
include recent paraphysics research and activities that have occurred since the 1978
publication of the original study.
(C) This product is intended for use by US Department of Defense research
facilities, the intelligence community, and other government agencies.
(U) Constructive criticism, comments or suggestions are encouraged and should
be forwarded to the Defense Intelligence Agency (ATTN: DT-1), Washington, D. C.
20301.
-CONFIDENTIAL
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UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Preface
V
Executive Summary
.....
Section
I Introduction (U)
1
1.
Terminology (U)
......
1
1
Section
II Specific Investigations (USSR) (U).
3
1.
Information Processes (U)
3
..........
6.2
Section III Historical Review (U)
11
1.
USSR (U)
11
2.
Other Warsaw Pact Countries (U)
17
Section
IV Subception (U) ...
21
1.
Introduction (U)
21
2.
Dowsing (U).
21
3.
Ideomotor Response (U)
23
4.
Myotransfer (U)
24
5.
Electroencephalogram Response (U) .....
25
6.
Suppressed Neuromuscular Response (U)
26
7.
Involuntary Physiological Changes (U)
28
Section
V Theoretical Aspects (U) ..
29
1.
Electromagnetics (U) ..
29
2.
Quantum Physics (U)
30
3.
Gravitation (U) ...
31
4.
Holography (U)
...
32
5.
Other (U)
32
Section
VI Paraphysics Research Environment (U)
.....
35
1.
Belief Structures (U)
35
2.
Perceived Threat from the Weat (U)
40
3.
Organizational Politics (U)
41
4.
Net Assessment (U)
41
Section
VII Level of Research Effort Quantitative Measures (U)
43
1.
Barriers to Assessment (U)
43
2.
Number of Paraphysics Researchers (U)
46
)
3.
Facilities Housing Paraphysics Research (U)
48
4.
Government Support for Paraphysics Research (U)
48
vii
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:
C
2.
Scope (U)
2.
Energetic Processes (U).

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DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
-
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont)
Page No.
5.
Support for Related Disciplines (U).
53
6.
Summary of Governmental Support (U) ....
.......
54
.
Section VIII Summary and Conclusions (U)
55
1.
Paranormal Processes (U)
55
2. Other Paraphysics Topics (U)
57
3. Research Environment (U).
58
Appendix I Personalities and Facilities Associated with Paraphysics (U).
61
Annex A Personalities and Facilities Prime Paraphysics Areas (U)
63
Annex B Personalities and Facilities Secondary Paraphysics Areas (U).
83
Annex C Journalists Who Have Reported on Paraphysics (U)
113
Annex D Anti-Paraphysics Writers (U)
115
Appendix II Biographical Notes Selected Personalities (U).
117
Appendix III Methodological and Data Considerations (U)
121
-
References
125
:
LIST OF TABLES
Table
I Academic Specialty of Paraphysics Researchers-Prime Areas (U)
...
44
Table
II Type of Facility Housing Research-Prime Areas (U) ....
45
Table
III Number of Cities, Facilities, and Personalities Involved in
Paraphysics Research-Warsaw Pact (U).
47
Table
IV Most Important Research Facilities-Prime Paraphysics Areas (U) .......
...
49
Table
V Comparison of Two Interviews with the Same Source (U)
.....
124
viii
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CONFIDENTIAL-
DST-1810S-202-78-Chg 1
4 February 1980
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. General (U)
(C) USSR research on paranormal phenomena (i.e., telepathy, ESP) was begun in the early
1920's by a few researchers, was interrupted at the start of World War II, and was re-initiated in 1959.
At that time, and shortly after, established scientists from various disciplines entered this research
field, and the scope of research was increased to include all types of paranormal phenomena (e.g.,
psychokinesis). Recently, additional researchers have become active, with some of their work
addressing a wide range of human sensitivities (e.g., to subtle electromagnetic fields). A trend toward
multidisciplinary research is emerging which could accelerate understanding of various paranormal
phenomena. Additional investments and increases in scope of this research will very likely occur in the
future.
(C) Most of the current research on paranormal phenomena appears to be performed as an
adjunct to other official duties; however, it is likely that some researchers are involved on a full-time
basis and are receiving government support. The level of funding and extent of research is unknown at
this time. At least three and possibly more officially sponsored research groups exist in Moscow,
Leningrad, and Alma-Ata.
(C-NOFORN) Recent data indicate that this research has recently received the backing of the
USSR Academy of Sciences. Several basic research facilities are now beginning to investigate this area
(in Moscow) and a previous paraphysics laboratory at the Institute of Psychology in Moscow is
expanding its research. In addition, there are indications that a new parapsychology laboratory has
been established in Novosibirsk. The main orientation of the new research is in the psychokinetic area.
1
(C) The level of research has been cyclic in nature responding to criticism and
encouragement. Through the mid-1960's, the main conflicts were over ideological issues (scientific and
Marxist). Recent trends indicate that serious ideological conflicts have been resolved and that official
attitudes at least tolerate, if not openly accept, such research. Open, highly visible support from
prominent scientists has recently been given through official party organs, and increases in interest
have been noted in a wide sector of the scientific community, from cosmonauts, and others. While
criticisms continue, they are not as intense or frequent as during earlier periods. The party has much
to gain and little to lose from properly represented paraphysics research. Either new scientific
discoveries or applications are actually achieved, or research results could be used to revise or refute
certain popular beliefs associated with such phenomena that are considered un-Marxist.
. ...
2. Research Trends/Achievements (U)
(C) The striving for ideological acceptance has led researchers to create a variety of new
terms for this research and to emphasize theoretical explanations based on known or yet-to-be
discovered physical mechanisms. While this may lead to improved research in some areas, it could
cause other possibilities to be ignored. An emphasis on application potential is also apparent.
Ideological objections have usually given way, in the USSR, to practical considerations regardless of
the controversial nature of a new idea or unusual phenomenon.
(C) Most Soviet research has been with people who demonstrate consistently high
paranormal performance ability. It is known that there is a program to screen "gifted people" from
the general population and that training techniques are used to enhance such abilities.
D
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(
(C) The data for assessing achievements in paranormal phenomena research are quite
limited, and very little information is available from reliable researchers. Even their data usually lack
sufficient backup material. This may be due, in some cases, to lack of proper publication channels for
such research or possibly to factors of a political or security nature. Although limited, however, the
data available from reliable researchers are highly significant.
(C) In 1967, the most statistically significant telepathy experiment in the history of
paranormal phenomena research occurred. An experiment by Kogan's group in Moscow achieved 105
out of 135 correct correlations to random-selected digits from 0 to 9. The "sender" and "receiver"
were separated by a few meters to a few kilometers. Kogan's group also achieved statistically
significant results in long-distance (3,000 km) experiments. These experiments and others demonstrate
the basic communication potential of paranormal abilities. Similar experiments have probably been
repeated, since the communication application is a known USSR research goal. Similar experiments
carried out from submarines, space, or command and control locations, perhaps involving simple
codes, may occur in the near future (if not already) to demonstrate practical use. The application of
similar paranormal channels for information access (i.e., in an intelligence role) should also be
possible; however, practical limitations for such applications are not clear.
(C) In addition to communication application potential, other experimental results indicate
that some people can generate unusual energetic "field" effects which interact with sensitive devices
and material objects; certain people can induce desired reactions (physiological, ideomotor) in other
people, and some individuals have unusual sensitivity to subtle electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic
fields. The application of such "energetic" phenomena to induce certain types of responses in others
might be considered by Warsaw Pact countries although the effectiveness of such influences, if any, on
unwitting people is unknown. There is also evidence that sensitive interrogation devices are being
developed that respond to subtle paranormal effects.
(C) Most research in paranormal phenomena reported by other Warsaw Pact countries is
considered unreliable. Improvements in this research and its scope will probably occur in the future.
However, their research in other areas of paraphysics, such as dowsing, does appear to be reliable.
This research could provide clues for explaining, in part, other unusual paranormal abilities, such as
telepathy, and could indicate ways of enhancing such abilities for wider practical use. It is also
possible that certain adverse influences will be discovered that could have potential for military
applications.
3. Summary (U)
(C) During the past few years, worldwide research on paranormal phenomena has also
increased. Although most research is of questionable value or is difficult to evaluate, a few
experiments have unique results and have some degree of repeatability, particularly when "gifted
people" are used. Some of these results and observations are similar to those reported by USSR
researchers.
(C) A major methodology for this study involved evaluating reliability and credibility of the
Warsaw Pact paraphysics researcher. If the researcher is assessed to be responsible and reliable, then
results of his work are considered likely to be valid. On that basis, and with other factors considered,
some of the research in paranormal phenomena in the USSR is assessed as highly significant, and
some basic applications may already have occurred. Increases in scope and diversity of paranormal
research in Warsaw Pact countries and pursuit of various application options will probably continue
in the future. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of such research, increases in theoretical
understanding of various unusual paranormal phenomena will probably also be achieved.
×
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CONFIDENTIAL
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
1
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION (U)
1. Terminology (U)
(U) Paraphysics generally refers to the investigation of unusual (paranormal) mental
functioning and includes a variety of conditions or interactions that may be directly or indirectly
related to such functioning. For example, unusual or unexplainable mental processes would include
telepathy; unusual interactions would include certain sensitivities (e.g., to subtle electromagnetic
fields) or unusual dynamic influences (e.g., psychokinesis). Paraphysics includes other research
involving infrequently studied or unusual physical or biological interactions if such research has the
potential to assist in understanding paranormal mental functioning. Some aspects of paraphysics may
even overlap into biophysics. A main thrust of the various paraphysics research is to try to explain
paranormal phenomena in the context of known physical mechanisms and to pursue particular
applications.
(U) Other terms that relate, in part, to paraphysics are psychic research and parapsychology.
However, this research has usually been concerned with statistical, psychological, and physiological
aspects and has not necessarily investigated biological or physical interactions that could explain such
phenomena.
(U) Recently, a Soviet term, "psychoenergetics," has been gaining popularity. This refers to
the study of informational and energetic processes associated with paranormal mental functioning.
Soviet researchers had previously introduced terms such as bioinformation (e.g., telepathy) and
bioenergetics (e.g., psychokinesis) to describe some paranormal phenomena. Another term used by
Warsaw Pact researchers is psychotronics; this is similar in meaning to psychoenergetics but is
intended to emphasize instrumentation aspects.
(U) These recent terms include and expand upon investigation previously listed under other
labels, and tend to lessen or avoid adverse views sometimes associated with the older terminology.
This appears to be a central concern in the USSR where such research in the past has had mystical or
occult implications that definitely conflicted with Marxist doctrine.
(U) An older term commonly used in relation to such phenomena is extrasensory perception
(ESP), which includes telepathy and clairvoyance. Telepathy refers to apparent mind-mind
communication ability without known sensory means; clairvoyance refers to apparent mental ability
to obtain information without known sensory means and without mediation through other people.
These categories are very difficult to differentiate, and many researchers currently refer to them as
"general ESP" (GESP) without attempting to distinguish the particular mode. Another general term
in current use is "remote viewing" which is similar to general ESP but usually refers to a specific
ability (i.e., describing remote geographic locations). An older term in general use is psychokinesis
(PK), which refers to apparent mental influencing of configuration or motion of material objects.
Certain mental states also appear to influence material properties or biological processes (in people
and organisms) and seem to have elements of ESP or psychokinesis. These apparent interactions are
also considered part of paraphysics or psychoenergetics research.
2.
Scope (U)
(C) In this study, primary attention is given to Warsaw Pact country activities and
investigations that directly relate to paranormal informational processes (telepathy, clairvoyance,
remote viewing), and to paranormal energetic processes (psychokinesis, bioenergetics). Other material
1
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DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
CONFIDENTIAL
is included if it appears to provide additional insight for understanding such processes or if it helps
clarify this research in general.
(C) In addition to assessing validity and significance of available research, assessments of
degree and nature of possible classified research are made. Official attitudes (political, scientific)
toward such research are examined; these attitudes have a direct bearing on current or future research
levels and therefore can have significant impact on estimates of current or future achievements.
-
1
2
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UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
SECTION II
SPECIFIC INVESTIGATIONS (USSR) (U)
(U) In this section, USSR paraphysics research that relates to paranormal mental processes is
reviewed. This includes research on information processes (telepathy, clairvoyance, bioinformation)
and energetic processes (psychokinesis, bioenergetics). The data available are very limited and have
been reported by only a few researchers. Due to the relative diversity of each researcher's interests and
research approach, it is convenient to organize this section according to researcher, rather than specific
research topics. The most credible data available at this time are from I. M. Kogan and G. A.
Sergeyev; their reported data are reviewed first.
(U) Most of these data, however, are difficult to adequately evaluate. Usually, sufficient
information on experimental procedure is not clear, or the number of experiments reported is very
small. Data from the established researchers are considered more likely to be reliable than that from
others. Data from other researchers of lesser involvement or credibility are also presented if the
research appears to have some potential significance.
(U) Research on similar topics for other Warsaw Pact countries is summarized in Section III.
1. Information Processes (U)
a. I. M. Kogan (U)
(U) Of all the data available, Kogan's experiments, which began in 1965, appear to be
the best documented and controlled.
C
(U) Kogan's emphasis is on information theory aspects of telepathy, and his initial
theoretical goal was to show that electromagnetic theory is not necessarily incompatible with apparent
telepathic phenomena. During 1966-1970, he published results of some of his successful experiments in
the USSR technical journal Radio Engineering. In 1969, some of the results were summarized in a
paper, "The Information Aspects of Telepathy," for a symposium on ESP at UCLA. Although he has
released no data since 1970, he is definitely known to be still involved in extensive research and
experimentation.
(U) The types of experiments reported by Kogan include short-distance telepathic
suggestion of "mental orders" and transmission (or perception) of single digits, and short- and long-
distance telepathic transmission (or perception) of simple objects.
(U) The early short-distance experiments may have been performed to verify some of the
research conducted by L. L. Vasil'yev* in the 1920's and 1930's and used a hypnotic state as well as
normal consciousness. Some experiments were also conducted in shielded rooms. Kogan was
sufficiently satisfied that the results were far greater than expected by chance and that further
research was warranted. For example, in one experiment involving selection of one of ten cards
numbered one through ten, with "inductor" (sender) in a separate room, the "percipient" (subject, or
receiver) selected 13 correct cards in 26 attempts (probability around 10-6). The hypnotic state
experiments, which involved the well-known Moscow medical hypnotist V. L. Raikov, were limited to
study of correlations between time of waking intent by the sender and the actual waking of a
hypnotized subject. Kogan states the results to be far greater then chance occurrences. However, Kogan
appears to have abandoned further studies involving the hypnotic state and has instead selected
individuals with natural abilities in the conscious state for further experimentation.
*(U) Vasil'yev also appears as Vasiliev in the literature.
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(U) Most short-distance experiments and the long-distance experiments involved
attempts to "transmit" images of specific objects that were unknown to the percipient. Kogan
observed that in such experiments the exact image, particularly of complex shapes, was not generally
perceived. Instead, general attributes of the intended target were described. Kogan, therefore,
developed an index for evaluating the percipients' descriptions. This index included target attributes
such as sensation or general feature (color, shape), action, or emotion. The description of the
percipient would then be evaluated and matched, if possible, to one of the target objects. A typical
experiment would have six objects selected at random from a large target pool by a commission of
several individuals acting as a control and evaluation group. One of the long-distance experiments was
also of the Zener card variety (similar to J. B. Rhine's approach at Duke University), and yielded 12 of
25 correlations. The probability for such a result is about 10-3. There is no indication Kogan pursued
this form of experimentation any further.
(U) Kogan's long-distance experiments have been between Moscow and Leningrad,
Moscow and Novosibirsk, and Moscow and Tomsk. In each of these experiments, the percipient's
description could be matched correctly to three or four of the six intended targets.
(U) Kogan also demonstrated a basic communication application in one of the Moscow-
Novosibirsk experiments. Two simple but contrasting objects were chosen to represent the Morse code;
a three-letter word was then selected (unknown to percipient) and the appropriate series of "dots"
and "dashes" were identified for this word. The percipient (in Novosibirsk) subsequently identified
the correct sequence of target objects (and therefore Morse code symbols), and the intended three-
letter word could be reconstructed. However, this procedure required considerable redundancy and
was very time consuming. It is doubtful that Kogan has pursued additional experiments of this type.
(U) Perhaps the most meaningful experiment in terms of ease of evaluation and
apparent potential in a communication mode was performed in 1967. This involved attempts at
transmission of randomly selected digits between 0 and 9. Distance between "sender" and "receiver"
was varied from several meters to several kilometers. Reported results, as attested to by at least five
members of the All-Union Technical Society of Radio Technology and Communications imeni A. S.
Popov (the Popov Society), indicates 105 of 135 numbers were described (received) correctly by the
receiver. The article states this to be 78% correct; however, this is a significant understatement since it
does not reflect the overall probability of such an occurrence. In fact, in terms of probability, this
would have to qualify as the most statistically significant result ever reported in psychic research
literature; the probability of duplication via random occurrence would be about 10-77.
(U) It also appears that with planned redundancy, a similar approach could yield highly
reliable results, perhaps sufficient for certain application attempts. For example, each of the numbers
0-9 could correlate to specific instructions or messages, and in this way basic "messages" could be
transmitted to or received from remote locations (space, submarine, etc.). Kogan has made frequent
reference to such applications and very likely considers them to be reasonable objectives.
(U) Kogan apparently has been using some type of screening test since 1965 for selecting
gifted people. Subjects most often associated with his experiments apparently exhibit vivid internal
imagery in a conscious state, enabling experimentation without the need for special techniques (such
as hypnosis). Kogan shows no serious interest in the traditional card guessing experiments or usual
statistical methods. He appears to be mainly concerned with experiments involving people who have
already demonstrated a high degree of paranormal ability, and he is very likely seeking a degree of
repeatability suitable for reliable applications.
. (U) Kogan may also be investigating the possibility of a person other than the intended
receiver to perceive the target objects. In the 1967 Moscow-Leningrad experiment, a second receiver, in
Leningrad, did describe very accurately the target intended by the sender in Moscow. It is not known,
however, if the sender was aware of the additional person involved in the experiment. However, this
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type of experiment has probably been repeated by Kogan, perhaps with additional receivers not known
to the sender, or with receivers attempting to obtain information from a person without his knowledge
(i.e., an unwitting "sender"). Kogan is also known to be experimenting with "targets" concealed in
metal containers, although results are not known. Such experiments could have intelligence
application potential, although extent of such involvement, or interest, by Kogan is unknown.
b. G. A. Sergeyev (U)
(U) G. A. Sergeyev, at the Ukhtomskii Physiological Institute in Leningrad, has
published a few experimental results on telepathic investigations. In one of these experiments he
claims to have observed a synchronization of certain electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns between
sender and receiver when the sender was observing flashing lights (different frequency for each eye).
The EEG pattern in the intended receiver was apparently unique enough for easy recognition and
could be utilized in a "code" sense. A long-distance experiment (Leningrad-Moscow) was
subsequently conducted with the duration of flashing lights shown to the sender in Moscow to be either
15 seconds or 45 seconds. The short period corresponded to a Morse code "dot"; the long period, to a
"dash." Sergeyev claims to have correctly identified the intended word with this technique from EEG
pattern variations in the receiver. Sergeyev also claims to have used a similar approach to send a
coded word with the sender simulating unpleasant emotions for fixed periods, instead of viewing
flashing lights. It appears Sergeyev worked with the same people as Kogan when Kogan performed his
Moscow-Leningrad experiments. However, they have not cross-referenced the joint nature of this long-
distance experiment.
C
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) There are also data indicating a flashing-light type of
experiment recently has been conducted between Leningrad and Moscow, although the facilities
involved are not known. Results are claimed to have been successful. The experiment was witnessed by
a visiting researcher from Czechoslovakia. It is likely that the Moscow researcher involved was V. N.
Pushkin.
(U) Although his telepathic-type experiments are difficult to evaluate, there may be some
degree of validity to them. Other researchers, in the US and Canada, have also noted the possibility of
correlations in EEG patterns between sender and receiver in telepathic experiments under certain
conditions.
c. Other Investigators (U)
(U) There are other researchers in the USSR that conduct investigations into topics
directly or indirectly related to psychic perception. Most of these investigators appear to pursue their
work on a part-time basis and are probably not associated with any formalized laboratory program.
However, some of their techniques or results could certainly be of interest to those in official research
positions, particularly if the data were considered significant and the experiment repeatable.
(U) The investigations reported by Larissa V. Vilenskaya are an example. She has been
conducting research with E. K. Naumov (who is not currently active) and now appears to be involved
with a variety of her own investigations. One aspect is her study of a phenomena initially referred to as
"skin vision" or, more recently, "dermo-optics." This relates to an apparent ability of some people to
identify colors of concealed "targets" simply by touching the opaque outer covering. Although initial
experiments on dermo-optic phenomena were open to severe criticism mainly due to lack of proper
experimental control, later experiments appear to have overcome some of these criticisms.
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(U) In one recent experimental series, a subject with apparent psychic ability identified
the correct target color in 113 out of 200 trials (probability of 10-21). There were four color card
possibilities, with 50 correlations being chance level. In a similar series, the subject was a few meters
from the concealed target and identified the correct target color 77 out of 200 trials (probability of
10-$). Additional experiments were conducted with the subject attempting to describe various
undisclosed objects that were placed in opaque containers. The descriptions given were in close
correlation to the target object. Other experiments, such as locating concealed magnets, were also
reported to be successful. However, sufficient data are not reported to permit thorough evaluation of
these particular experiments.
(U) A variation to this type of experimentation involved an application of this apparent
paranormal ability in a communication mode. Eight experiments were conducted where the target
colors were designated to represent a dot or a dash, in order to evaluate the possibility of simple Morse
code type "transmission." Three-letter words were correlated to the color targets and six of the eight
words were reported to be received correctly. Each word was attempted three to five times since
redundancy had been observed to improve reliability. The subject was located several meters from the
concealed color targets. The experimenters concluded that this method with trained and motivated
subjects could be applied in transmitting information over long distances.
(U) The experimenters also conclude that this type of apparent paranormal perception
may be related to a mode commonly referred to as clairvoyance. I. M. Kogan has also referred to
"dermo-optics" as very likely being a form of general ESP, probably clairvoyance. This explanation is
supported by reports of some subjects having the ability to describe not only the intended color of the
concealed target, but also the specific shapes that were drawn on the color card targets.
(U) Apparently, considerable research on "dermo-optics" also occurs in the USSR with
the objective of improving tactile reading ability of people who are blind.
(U) Vilenskaya initially used hypnotized people as subjects. Later she found hypnosis
was not necessary and eventually chose people who appeared to have a natural aptitude and who
could develop their abilities through practice. She apparently uses an ESP testing device, perhaps for
identifying people with psychic aptitude as well as training. This device appears similar to one
described by a US researcher at the University of California, which is based on selection of several
possible targets via electronically generated random processes. She also appears to experiment with
psychic perception in various altered states of consciousness (such as dream states).
(U) Additional reports on possible psychic perception investigations involve S. V.
Speransky's experiments with mice at the Novosibirsk Medical Institute, Behavior of a normal well-
fed group of mice was similar to that noted in an isolated group that was starved. Initially, both
groups had been together for a considerable time. There was no similar activity in a nearby control
group of mice that had been selected from a different set. Speransky apparently plans to continue such
investigations, since he suspects there is a telepathic basis for the noted correlations. Kogan is also
interested in experiments with animals, though it is not known if he has conducted any.
d. Indications of Recent Research Interest (U)
(C) Recently, numerous USSR scientists have shown new interest in various forms of
paranormal perception. Some Soviets have been writing to US researchers for the latest information
on US experiments; e.g., at least 10 USSR scientists have contracted US researchers experimenting
with a general form of ESP termed "remote viewing." Some of the Soviet scientists apparently have
attempted to replicate such experiments; however, results are not known. Reference has also been
made recently to high level Soviet interest in the psychic research by a leading USSR plasma physicist.
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.
(C) In other instances, a visitor to Leningrad in 1975 apparently observed an informal
"remote viewing" type demonstration with a hypnotized subject. In 1976, a USSR attendee at a US
technical conference indicated the possibility of ESP experiments in connection with the USSR space
program using remote locations such as Antarctic bases. Also in 1976, a Soviet cosmonaut, V. I.
Sevastyanov, while on a general tour of the US, visited a west coast facility to discuss remote viewing
experiments performed by the US researchers at that laboratory. The cosmonaut was accompanied by
L. N. Lupichev, laboratory chief, Institute of Control Sciences in Moscow, and a Soviet consulate
member, O. N. Sidorenko. During the visit, the cosmonaut indicated high interest in psychic research in
general and hinted that psychic-type incidents had been experienced by various USSR cosmonauts.
Some of these included an apparent ability to sense equipment failure before the failure actually took
place, and the occurrence of intense rapport with fellow cosmonauts that apparently led to improved
cooperation and intuitive conditions. Although Sevastyanov insisted there was no official psychic
investigation in conjunction with their space program, he was aware of Kogan and the application
potential of Kogan's experiments.
(S-WNINTEL) The most significant recent indication of Soviet research interest
occurred with the visit of Soviet scientist Yuriy Vasilyevich Gulyayev to a West Coast US
parapsychological research facility in November 1978.
He further indicated that he planned to begin paranormal research at the Institute for
Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE) in Moscow.
(C-WNINTEL) Professor (Dr.) Yu. V. Gulyayev has been with the IRE since 1959 and is
currently the institute's Deputy Director. He also holds the position of professor at the Moscow
Physical Technical Institute. He is a highly respected scientist and frequently travels outside the
USSR. Gulyayev is best known in the USSR for his work on bulk and surface wave phenomena in
semiconductors, and has discovered a particular acoustic-magnetic-electric effect. He is also in charge
of an optical fiber communications system research program utilizing semiconductor lasers, and is
applying surface wave acoustic principles to this communication system.
(C-WNINTEL) During his visit to the West Coast facility, Gulyayev stated that he and
other IRE staff members have been actively researching paranormal phenomena for at least 1-year on
an "unofficial" basis. IRE director V. A. Kotelnikov supports these investigations.
:
(C-WNINTEL) Gulyayev indicated that his research results have been presented to
USSR Academy of Science members, and its president, A. Aleksandrov. Aleksandrov apparently
supports and encourages this research. Gulyayev intends to begin a "full-scale" paranormal research
program, with "much backing", after March 1979. He planned to wait until he had become a
corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences .* After March, he intends to significantly expand
research activities and to openly publish results of his research.
(C-WNINTEL) Gulyayev stated that he had performed remote viewing experiments with
Nina Kulagina, a well-known USSR subject, and stated that "she does this all the time." He provided
no further details. Gulyayev indicated that remote viewing was a very important area of research, but
declined to offer specifics on any of his future plans in this area. At this time his actual research data
are not available for evaluation.
1
"(U) In March 1979, Gulyayev was nominated to the Academy of Sciences as a corresponding member.
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(
(C-WNINTEL-NOCONTRACT) There has also been a recent indication that a new
official parapsychology laboratory has been established in Novosibirsk. This laboratory may have
close ties to an unidentified parapsychology laboratory in Moscow; however, no details are available
at this time.
-
2. Energetic Processes (U)
(U) The most unusual psychoenergetic phenomena is the apparent ability of certain
individuals to influence matter via mental volition. A form of energy transfer, which appears to be
generated or regulated by mental activity, may be the basic source for such effects. The nature of this
energy transfer and its interaction mechanism is being investigated by various researchers throughout
the world. The process involving apparent interaction with inanimate material is usually referred to as
psychokinesis and is associated with unexplainable motion or configuration changes. This term is
somewhat limited in that it does not generally include all unusual "energetic processes."
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1.
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(U) There are unexplained phenomena that suggest changes in other material properties
(e.g., electric, magnetic) may also occur during psychoenergetic experiences or experiments. Other
unusual phenomena have been noted that appear to affect people. Some of these appear to involve
physiological parameters; others may be psychosomatic in nature. The most controversial of these
would be the apparent phenomena referred to as "psychic healing" (or variants). Researchers consider
some of these effects to be possibly explainable by generation or interaction of various naturally
occurring "fields," or by some type of telepathic influence on the self-regulation system of the other
person.
(U) The popular press in recent years has carried many accounts of a rather spectacular type
of psychokinesis; this has been referred to as the "Geller effect," named after the Israeli, Uri Geller.
Unfortunately, these accounts of metal deformation or breaking have been difficult to verify, and due
to his sometime apparent attempts at deception, no firm conclusions can be made. At least one physics
laboratory (Kings College, London, England) has studied Geller and others who claim similar ability,*
and has released confirming reports. Some of the experimental information reported appears suspect
and this apparent controlled study should be treated cautiously. Another physics laboratory has
studied fracture patterns of material alledgedly "broken" by Geller. Their conclusion is that the cause
of these fractures was not mechanical in nature, nor a result of usual methods of fracture. This would
tend to suggest unusual interactions did indeed occur and that this form of psychokinesis should be
open to further study. However, there are no data to indicate Warsaw Pact countries have investigated
this specific type of psychokinesis. The few energetic-type investigations reported appear to be of a
"field effect" type; unusual low energetic level dynamic effects have been reported, and unusual
interactions with other people or biological specimens have been reported.
a. G. A. Sergeyev (U)
(U) Although open criticism of people who have given apparent psychokinetic
demonstrations has frequently occurred in the USSR, a few investigators have nevertheless studied
such individuals under informal conditions and in a laboratory environment. G. A. Sergeyev is known
to have studied Nina Kulagina, ** a well-known psychic from Leningrad. Although no detailed results
are available, Sergeyev's inferences are that she was successful in repeating psychokinetic phenomena
under controlled conditions. G. A. Sergeyev is a well-respected researcher and has been active in
paraphysics research since the early 1960's.
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) There have been recent data indicating Sergeyev has
moved to Moscow; however, it is not known if he is continuing paraphysics research. If he is, it is
considered likely that he might at this time be associated with V. N. Pushkin who appears to be
gaining support for paraphysics research at the Institute of Psychology, RSFSR Academy of
Pedagogical Sciences, Moscow.
*(U) Research is also under way in Paris with J. P. Giraud, and at a London Physics laboratory where evidence for
paranormal "metal softening" has been reported. There also has been similar research in Japan recently, apparently with
some positive results.
*(U) Also known as Nelia Mikhailova.
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(
(C) Western researchers have also observed Kulagina's psychokinetic abilities on
numerous occasions; however, adequate documentation and verification of apparent effects are not
available. In a recent demonstration, under informal conditions, an observer claimed Kulagina was
able to cause small nonmagnetic objects, suspended from springs in a plexiglass container, to move. In
another experiment she apparently caused a plastic object, in an inverted glass container, to move
toward her. There have been many similar reports from other USSR investigators and visiting Western
observers over the past decade. Other effects claimed to have been observed during her attempts at
object movement include generation of weak magnetic and electric fields and also interactions on
photographic plates.
(U) Sergeyev has also studied characteristics of normal and diseased tissues, and for
some specimens, he notes differences in their emission spectrum. He claims people who have a
"healing" ability can influence diseased tissue in a way that the emission spectrum returns to its
original characteristics, and resumption of normal tissue functioning occurs. Although Sergeyev
includes no data to prove this contention, he does appear to have performed considerable work along
these directions. Sergeyev has also reported data on the apparent ability of a healer to influence the
emission spectrum of ordinary water. He suspects that this involves similar principles to those noted in
reaction with living tissue or cells. He considers these interactions to be the basis, in part, for certain
people to apparently influence states of health, including accelerated recovery, of others.
(U) Unfortunately, his reports do not contain sufficient data for conclusive evaluation;
he does not define what spectrum band he is reporting, nor does he report on any form of control
experiment.
(U) It is interesting to note that Sergeyev is actively doing research on "healers," as well
as on people with psychokinetic ability of the type demonstrated by Nina Kulagina. His experiments
include instrumentation to study electromagnetic influences during healing activities, similar to those
already reported for experiments with Nina Kulagina.
(U) Sergeyev has also investigated psychoenergetic effects of people with psychokinetic
abilities (i.e., N. Kulagina) on other people and on biological specimens. In one experimental series,
frog hearts were placed in an appropriate solution, and Kulagina attempted to influence their activity.
Sergeyev claims that normally frog hearts remain active in solution up to 1.5-2 hours after removal
from the frog. In the first of the experiments the electrocardiogram (EKG) indicated activity ceased
about 7 minutes after Kulagina began concentration on "stopping the heart." The heart had been in a
ceramic container. In the second experiment, with the heart in a metallic container, heart activity
ceased after 22 minutes. In both these experiments, Kulagina was 1.5 meters from the "target" hearts.
(U) Sergeyev measured weak electric and magnetic fields at the target heart that
correlated with some of Kulagina's physiological activity. This may have been responsible for the
effect noted on heart activity.
(U) In another experiment, Kulagina attempted to increase the heart rate of a skeptical
physician. Electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and other parameters were measured in both.
Abrupt changes in these parameters were noted in both people within 1 minute after the experiment
began. After 5 minutes, Sergeyev judged the heart activity of the physician had reached dangerous
levels, and the experiment was terminated. Subsequent analysis indicated a definite synchronous
effect was noted between certain heart parameters for both the physician and Kulagina. Sergeyev
apparently views psychokinetic-type phenomena as being closely related to healing-type phenomena
and apparently has done (and is doing) considerable investigations in this direction.
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(U) This view is also held by researchers in England. They have also reported on
physiological parameter synchronization effects between "healers" and another person. There are
also other researchers investigating similar "healing" phenomena in the USSR. Well-known
researchers are the Krivorotovs (at Tblisi); however, sufficient data are not available for definitive
evaluation of their claims.
(U) Such investigations are certainly unique and are worthy of further attention.
Sergeyev's research could have considerable impact on theoretical, as well as practical, aspects of
these types of energetic processes. It could improve understanding of other energetic processes and also
paranormal information processes.
b. V. G. Adamenko (U)
(U) Another person reported to have been studied by several USSR researchers is Alla
Vinogradova,* a Moscow resident. V. G. Adamenko, a Moscow physicist, has been the key
investigator. His work appears to be credible and well controlled, although sufficient data are not
available for final evaluation. As with Kulagina, Alla Vinogradova appears capable of causing small
nearby objects to move in various specified directions. Adamenko claims to have measured small
electric fields on the target objects during her acts of volition and has noted correlations in motion to
intensity of motivation and to physiological conditions such as pulse rate. Another of his observations
is that once an object has been initially affected by Vinogradova, others can cause motion in that
object as well. In addition, he claims to have trained inexperienced people, via bio-feedback methods,
to accomplish similar tasks.
(U) Adamenko suspects this form of psychokineses can be explainable mainly on an
electrostatic basis. He has noted that objects placed in high electric fields show similar dynamics;
however, these experiments are not adequately reported. He also suspects friction coefficients are
affected due to ionization and polarization of air molecules around the target object. However, other
researchers suspect that not all reported psychokinetic-type phenomena can be explained on
electrostatic or other field effects alone.
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) Although Adamenko had been at the Institute of
Physiology in Moscow, it appears that he and Alla are now working with V. N. Pushkin at the Institute
of Psychology in Moscow.
c. V. Pushkin (U)
(U) Another Moscow researcher, V. N. Pushkin, has performed investigations on
psychoenergetic processes involving apparent interaction with organic matter such as plants. One
experiment reported recently involved apparent correlations in responses from a polygraph that was
attached to a plant and emotional states induced in a hypnotized person. The experiment was
repeated several times, it was checked for electrical interference, and was run under null conditions.
Although no firm evaluation can be made, Pushkin does appear to be a respected researcher and he
may in fact have observed some type of valid interaction. One of Pushkin's experiments suggests an
interest in an interrogation role; a correlation was noted between instrument response and times the
subject was giving intentional incorrect answers to a series of questions.
*(U) It appears that Alla Vinogradova and V. Adamenko are a husband-wife research team.
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(U) Pushkin has also studied other aspects of psychokinetic phenomena, particularly the
alleged ability of B. Ermolayev, a Moscow resident, to cause small objects to remain suspended with
no apparent support. Ermolayev apparently is very close to the objects during such tests, which is
suggestive of Adamenko's view that electrostatic fields may somehow be involved.
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) Recent data indicate Pushkin is emerging as a leading
paraphysics researcher in the USSR. He is expanding paraphysics research in his laboratory at the
Institute of Psychology, RSFSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, Moscow. He has also increased his
staff by adding the Adamenko's. He is known to have worked with Kogan, particularly on developing
screening techniques for identifying "gifted subjects." His search for gifted people is not limited to
psychic ability, but includes other talents such as photographic memory and special mathematical
ability. It appears this search concentrates on young people, but is not necessarily limited to any age
bracket. It is likely a portion of his research is based on conventional psychology or biophysics
research; however, it appears the portion devoted to paraphysics is increasing.
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) It is known that a Czechoslovakian researcher, Z.
Rejdak, has established strong ties with Pushkin and that he travels frequently to Pushkin's
laboratory in Moscow. Rejdak has set up a laboratory similar to Pushkin's at a hospital facility in
Prague.
d. G. Krokhalev (U)
(U) Another type of investigation into paranormal energetic processes was reported at
the Third International Psychotronics conference by G. P. Krokhalev, a psychiatrist from Perm. His
experiments involve attempts to have "mental images" appear on photographic film. He claims to
have recorded this effect under controlled conditions. As an example, a person who could visualize
images well, even to the point of hallucinating, was able to specify the image beforehand that was later
observed on the film. Although much of his work appears to be very nonprofessional, his later
experiments with the apparent recording of mental imagery appear reasonably well controlled.
However, no firm evaluation can be made of his experimental procedure or results at this time. Other
researchers, such as L. Vilenskaya, have apparently observed some of Krokhalev's experiments and
judged them valid.
(U) This form of apparent psychoenergetic-type process is not new to parapsychological
researchers. Krokhalev's investigations appear similar to those reported in the US by Dr. J. Eisenbud,
who is a psychiatrist at the University of Colorado Medical School. Dr. Eisenbud conducted extensive
controlled investigations into the alleged ability of a subject, Ted Serios, who appeared to cause
specific images to appear on films when under intense concentration. Eisenbud's recent work appears
to be valid but is subject to the same evaluation difficulty as most all investigations involving such
phenomena. Since the early 1960's, USSR researchers have expressed an interest in Eisenbud's work,
along with all the other forms of apparent psychoenergetic processes. There has also been recent
evidence of similar research, apparently with positive results, in a Japanese psychic research
laboratory.
(U) Sergeyev also noted Nina Kulagina* appeared to cause some type of observable
effect at times on unexposed photographic film during an attempted psychoenergetic experiment, even
though there was no intent for any effect. This effect has also been noted by other researchers, though
few attempts to induce specific images have been made.
... .
"(U) New data indicates Nina Kulagina was recently invited to Moscow to demonstrate her abilities to Academician
Aleksandrov, President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, who is also President of the Institute of Atomic Energy.
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e. Yu. V. Gulyayev (C)
(C-WNINTEL) Yu. V. Gulyayev's research has centered on the apparent "energetic"
abilities of Nina Kulagina, a housewife from Leningrad who has previously (since 1960) been
researched by G. A. Sergeyev of the Ukhtomskii Physiological Institute there. Gulyayev has made a 2.5
hour movie and video tape of his experiments that he has shown to several basic research institutes,
such as the Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences imeni Lebedev (FIAN).
(C-WNINTEL) One of the criticisms he received from academy members was that he
needed additional subjects. As a result, he located other people with psychoenergetic abilities and now
has at least four such "gifted subjects." One of these is a young girl who has a severe schizophrenic
disorder; another is a female writer from Moscow; and another is a man with "precognitive" abilities.
(C-WNINTEL) When asked how he located "gifted subjects," Gulyayev indicated one
method was to visit villages in the rural areas and to seek out the local people who claim to have
paranormal abilities. Those that appeared to be congenial to work with were tested; those with
repeatable psychoenergetic (paranormal) abilities were then brought to Moscow for further testing. He
also contacted other Moscow paraphysics researchers who introduced him to paranormally gifted
individuals.
(C-WNINTEL) Gulyayev has observed a well-known Moscow psychic (Boris Erolayev)
who previously has been researched by biophysicist V. N. Pushkin. Erolayev is known for his apparent
abilities to cause objects to rise and remain suspended (with no apparent physical support) for several
minutes. Gulyayev indicated research with Erolayev could also be one of his future objectives.
..
(C-WNINTEL) The following are some specific experiments that Gulyayev claims he has
conducted:
(1) (C-WNINTEL) Movement of small nonmetallic and metallic objects: Gulyayev,
and other USSR Academy of Science members, have observed the apparent psychokinetic (PK) ability
of Nina Kulagina to move (slide, rotate, roll) small objects a few meters removed from her. Gulyayev is
convinced this phenomena is genuine and has observed these effects under tight control. He now plans
to develop more tightly controlled experiments, with objects in sealed plastic boxes, and to further
develop Kulagina's ability to "focus" on objects at greater distance. During these experiments,
Kulagina's blood pressure is typically 240/200, her pulse rate is 180-200 beats per minute, her blood
sugar is five times normal, and her electroencephalogram (EEG) is similar to epileptic-type people.
(2) (C-WNINTEL) Sine wave suppression: He has also tested Kulagina's ability to
influence electronic signals. In one experiment, using an acoustic surface wave transducer inside a
plastic boz, Kulagina was able to cause the amplitude of the output sine wave to drop to zero, and also
to "allow" it to return to its original value when so desired. It appears that some type of field
interaction occurred that caused the surface wave to cease for several seconds, during her intention for
this to happen.
(3) (C-WNINTEL) Induced "burns": Gulyayev claims Kulagina's most repeatable
affect is to cause burn marks to appear on other people. During acts of intention, and with her hands
placed near the desired burn area of willing observers, a burn-like welt appears, with accompanying
pain. These "welts" eventually heal, consistent with normal burn recovery times. Gulyayev has
experienced this himself, and has attempted to put physical filters between Kulagina's hands and the
subject's skin. Some filters (metal, rubber) appear to have no influence; but others (glass) appear to
block the "effects." Gulyayev suspects a surface wave phenomena may be responsible for the burns;
however, he has not as yet detected unusual acoustic or electromagnetic fields during this particular
experiment.
)
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(4) (C-WNINTEL) Suspension of objects: Another subject (the schizophrenic girl)
appears to have the ability to cause material objects to become partially suspended. According to
Gulyayev, she can cause a wooden object (ruler) to "rise" to a 45° angle with only one end remaining
in contact with the table or floor. The ruler usually remains in this position for several minutes and
does not slide when placed on glass. This has been photographed, observed by other Academy
members, and has been thoroughly checked for hidden strings. Gulyayev concludes it is a genuine
phenomenon, and plans to pursue this type of experiment further.
f. A. Berezine and D. Gubarev (C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT)
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) A. Berezine, a physician, and D. Gubarev, a physicist,
who are with the Moscow Institute for Biological Testing of Chemicals, have recently shown interest in
psychokinetic investigations. It appears they have also investigated Kulagina, and claim to have also
observed her ability to move small objects, via mental volition. It is not known if these investigations
are related to official duties, or are performed on an off-duty basis.
)
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SECTION III
HISTORICAL REVIEW (U)
1. USSR (U)
a. Prior to 1960 (U)
(U) Investigation of paranormal mental phenomena generally began during the latter
part of the 1800's in various countries, including the Soviet Union. Initially, only a few independent
researchers pursued such study, since paranormal phenomena were usually associated with
superstition, mystical, or occult beliefs. Their intent was to find a scientific-based explanation for the
purported phenomena, if true. Many of these studies involved collecting and evaluating naturally
occurring "spontaneous cases" suggestive of unusual phenomena. Other investigations examined
claims of people with unusual abilities; however, many such people were also known to fake the
alleged phenomena, thereby discrediting cases when the phenomena may have been legitimate. Some
of these investigations included phenomena associated with hypnotism, which was another highly
controversial issue. Study in this area was further complicated by the tie at that time to psychology,
another emerging field that was experiencing difficulties of its own.
(U) The first indication of specific USSR interest in investigations into paranormal
phenomena from a scientific viewpoint was around 1875, several years before the first attempt at such
study was formalized by establishment of the British Society of Psychical Research. This early USSR
effort was initiated by D. I. Mendeleyev who submitted proposals for such study to the Physical
Society of St. Petersburg (Leningrad) University. He also pursued his own private investigations and
continued to urge that the topic in general should be examined on a thorough scientific basis. Several
other USSR investigators also began study of paranormal phenomena around this time.
(U) One such investigator was N. G. Kotik. a physician whose book Spontaneous
Thought Transmission appeared in 1912. Kotik's objective was to separate what he considered
"natural phenomena" from mysticism and related topics. The Soviet public in general has always
appeared to be open to mystical-type phenomena, an openness that was somewhat officially
acknowledged by Czar Nicholas II and his family's association with the highly controversial Rasputin.
(U) After 1917, open interest in psychic type phenomena was greatly suppressed since
Marxism was thought to definitely exclude anything associated with nonmaterialistic issues. On the
other hand, the revolution also initially appeared to generate a desire for new knowledge even in
unconventional directions.
(U) In 1919, V. M. Bekhterev, a noted physiologist at the Institute of Brain Research of
the University of Leningrad, began investigations into unusual psychological and physiological effects
associated with the hypnotic state, including cases of apparent telepathic experiences. Pavlov had also
made reference to unusual abilities sometimes observed in animals and man and was open to such
investigations. Bekhterev organized a special group (Commission for the Study of Mental Suggestion)
to continue and elaborate on his early work. L. L. Vasil'yev, a research physiologist who joined this
institute in 1921. was part of this commission. Vasil'yev's initial work was on effects of magnetic fields
on psychological states; eventually he became the prime researcher in the area termed "mental
suggestion."
(U) In addition to laboratory experiments with hypnotized people, Vasil'yev also began
to collect and evaluate naturally occurring incidents (i.e., spontaneous cases) that were suggestive of
telepathic processes. He also established contact with researchers in other countries, particularly with
the noted French physiologist, Charles Richet, who also conducted psychic experiments with
hypnotized people.
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(U) In 1926 Vasil'yev published results of this early research and postulated
electromagnetic radiation from the brain as a possible explanation. In the same year a special board
was established at the Brain Research Institute to duplicate his findings, but its study did not yield
definite results. However, later experiments with a different test person (subject) were stated to be
positive and supportive of Vasil'yev's initial observations.
(U) After Bekhterev's death in 1927, little work on telepathy studies occurred. This may
have been due to some ambiguous results or possibly to the negative viewpoint on telepathy by the
Institute's new director.
(U) In 1932 the Institute was given an assignment to initiate an experimental study of
telepathy with the aim of determining, if possible, a physical basis for its explanation. Vasil'yev was
selected to direct this investigation. This work continued until 1938 when World War II interrupted
activities. After that, Vasil'yev continued to collect evidence of spontaneous cases and pursued
unofficial investigations on his own.
(U) The main orientation of his research during this period was on telepathic induction
of specific motor acts, on transmission of visual images from one person (sender) to another (receiver).
and remotely induce sleep or awakening in a hypnotized subject. His initial subjects were easily
suggestible or hypnotizable hysteric or neurasthenic patients. Later, Vasil'yev found certain normal
people appeared to have repeatable psychic aptitude without being hypnotized.
(U) Some of these experiments involved attempts at transmission of black or white
targets and also specific drawings. Vasil'yev found a few cases where results were far greater than
chance expectancy (10-7), and he also reported data showing high correlation between some of the
complex drawings used as targets.
(U) His most famous was the long distance experiment between Leningrad and
Sevastopol' (1,700 km) which involved "sending" sleep and awake commands to a subject who had
been involved in similar experiments at short distances. The sender selected the time for both the sleep
and the subsequent awake command at random during a preselected 2-hour period. The experiment
was performed on 2 days, with the first being a null test (i.e., no commands intended) unknown to the
subject. In this case, no response was noted in the subject. In the second experiment, the subject
responded within 1 minute to both sleep and awake commands. This was consistent with numerous
previous short-distance experiments and was considered to at least demonstrate the potential for long-
distance mental "influence," or telepathy.
(U) Vasil'yev's experiments have the same evaluation difficulties as most similar
. experiments. Sufficient detail on experimental protocol and test procedures is usually not available,
and usually a sufficient number of experiments are not conducted. However, these early experiments
were apparently sufficiently encouraging to at least help motivate later USSR researchers toward
further investigations.
1
(U) Since Vasil'yev was also trying to explore the validity of electromagnetic models for
explaining telepathic processes, much of his later work was with subjects in an electromagnetically
shielded room (Faraday cage) and with "senders" located elsewhere. His data indicated there was
little or no difference between results with subjects in or out of the shielded room. This led him to
conclude telepathy may not be an electromagnetic phenomena. He later modified this view when it
was realized usual shielding does not significantly affect the low-frequency portion of the spectrum
and that telepathy could at least in principle still be related to known physical phenomena. It is clear
Vasil'yev and other Soviet researchers were highly desirous to at least find hints of an electromagnetic
connection; they apparently needed a clear link to known (or materialistic) concepts to justify such
research in view of Marxist ideology. Lack of apparent electromagnetic correlation may have been a
key factor for his discontinuation of formal experiments in 1938. Stalin had already begun his purges
of anyone who appeared to advocate any antimaterialistic or antipolitical activity or belief.
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(U) There were other researchers at this time (B. B. Kazhinskiy and S. Y. Turlygin) in
Moscow who thought they had found differences between experiments in shielded and nonshielded
rooms. However, the quality of these experiments is open to question.
(U) Earlier (1924) a Moscow physicist, V. Arkad'yev, concluded that electrical activity in
the brain (cortex level) was of insufficient intensity to be effective at a distance. These results
conflicted with Vasil'yev's findings. Theoretical attacks from this direction may also have caused
Vasil'yev and others to withdraw from any open experimentation.
(U) In 1956, Vasil'yev began corresponding with the French researcher, R. Warcollier,
and apparently received updates on worldwide parapsychological studies. Subsequently, he wrote a
book for the popular press. Mysterious Phenomena of the Human Psyche, which was published in 1959
in Moscow. This book discussed a variety of subliminal sensory influences from known Pavlovian
concepts. Vasil'yev extrapolated some of these to account for possible telepathic phenomena ( with the
cortex of the brain viewed as an electromagnetic signal generator) and emphasized the view that
paranormal abilities in general would eventually be explained on a purely physical basis. This
modified approach, emphasizing "yet-to-be-discovered" physical explanations, apparently was
necessary to avoid Marxist ideological conflict as well as to gain interest and support of scientists in
conventional disciplines.
(U) Appearance of this book made a considerable impact in the USSR, and particularly
with parapsychological researchers elsewhere who were shocked to learn that any interest in psychic
research existed at all in the Soviet Union. In 1962, Vasil'yev published more details of his early
experimental work in Long Range Suggestion and Experiments in Distant Influence.
(U) These first publications apparently caused other unknown USSR researchers to
publish articles and books. One such researcher was B. B. Kazhinskiy, an electrical engineer, whose
book Biological Radio Communication appeared in 1962. The surfacing of paranormal phenomena
issues in the open press appeared to be one of Vasil'yev's aims; in this he was certainly very successful.
(U) Ironically, the most significant event that assisted in bringing paranormal
phenomena into the open was a French magazine article in 1959. This article described an alleged
successful telepathic experiment between a Nautilus crew member at sea and an experimenter on
shore.(This experiment was eventually revealed as a hoax, however, its appearance at this time
certainly helped call attention to Vasil'yev's early work and suggested that the apparent telepathic
phenomena had definite military potential.) Mayte haces
. (U) Subsequently, Vasil'yev, then head of the Physiology Department at the University of
Leningrad, was appointed as director of a new laboratory in the Physiological department to study
telepathy on an official basis. Vasil'yev also devoted much time to making presentations on his work
and parapsychology research in general to many scientific groups, laboratories, and institutes in
Leningrad and Moscow.
b. 1960-1970 (U)
(U) Shortly after Vasil'yev's first publication, the issue of telepathy became hotly
debated by many in the Soviet Union. Some chose to attack the protocol of Vasil'yev's experiments;
some attacked such phenomena as contradictory to either Marxist theory or scientific principles, while
others felt the phenomena did not contradict either Marx or science.
...
.-
(U) There also appeared numerous reports in the popular press on apparent replication
of some of Vasil'yev's experiments. Anecdotal literature appeared regarding accomplishments of well-
known public figures who were purported to have unusual abilities (such as Wolf Messing). Many
prominent individuals considered the subject was at least worthy of further study and should not be
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ignored even from a purely scientific basis. If nothing more, in their view, such study could provide a
firm basis for rebuking those who claimed such abilities. In sum, there were both attacks and acclaims
for such research. Vasil'yev also began disseminating research results from other countries to help
generate a variety of new research interest.
(U) In his presentations, he often quoted the views of the well-known USSR missile
pioneer, K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, who suspected the reality of telepathic phenomena, felt it should be
investigated, and saw its potential in future space travel. No doubt this view, in light of the Sputnik
success in 1957, assisted in achieving an openness toward his research in many conventional circles.
Vasil'yev was also known to have opened some public lectures by referring to Upton Sinclair's popular
book (Mental Radio; 1930). This book discusses telepathic experiments that were witnessed by Albert
Einstein who also felt the subject worthy of scientific study.
(U) Vasil'yev continued with his laboratory association until his death in 1966. P. I.
Gulyaev succeeded him but has apparently emphasized other investigations involving various
biological interactions not necessarily related to telepathic issues.
(U) In addition to the work at Vasil'yev's laboratory, research was also initiated in the
Ukhtomskiy Physiology of Labor Laboratory, which is affiliated with Leningrad University. Initial
researchers were G. A. Sergeyev, L. P. Pavlova, and E. K Naumov. This laboratory had
electroencephalogram (EEG) equipment and apparently other sensitive devices useful for detecting
weak electric or magnetic fields. Such fields are suspected by some researchers to be associated with
certain psychic events. D. G. Mirza, a psychiatrist, also showed interest and began research at this
time, apparently as part of his normal responsibilities at the Institute for Problems of Information
Transmission (IPPI), in Moscow.
(U) In 1965, I. M. Kogan, a Doctor of Technical Sciences at Moscow Higher Technical
School (MVTU) imeni Bauman, was appointed as chairman of a special group to study problems of
telepathy in affiliation with the Moscow section of the Popov Society. This group was called the
Section of Bioinformation. E. K. Naumov was also involved in early phases of this group's activities.
(U) Kogan's stated objectives included study of telepathic phenomena (at both near and
long distances) under controlled laboratory conditions, study of various techniques for enhancing
telepathic phenomena, and collection and analysis of spontaneous phenomena reported worldwide. A
goal of the group was also to establish a special laboratory with appropriate research equipment.
Kogan also viewed telepathic phenomena as possibly explainable on an electromagnetic basis (i.e., in
the extra-low frequency region) and much, if not all, of his work appears oriented toward this
perspective. .
(U) Between 1965 and 1970, Kogan's theoretical views and results of some of the
Bioinformation section's experiments were published in the technical journal, Radio Engineering. It is
difficult to fully evaluate most of his findings, mainly due to the small number of experimental trials
reported. Also, experimental procedures and controls are not adequately reported in some cases.
However, his results have passed the review of the Popov Society, and members of his group who serve
as experiment monitors are qualified scientists.
(U) Another early research group was established in Moscow by E. K. Naumov, probably
at the Polytechnical Musem, which he called the "Laboratory of Technical Parapsychology." Stated
objectives were to study telepathy, psychokinesis, and psychoenergetics in general. Some specific
objectives included potential application for long-distance transmission of messages, and the
development of sensitive instruments for measuring electromagnetic or physiological parameters that
might be associated with such phenomena. Naumov was also interested in behavior modification
possibilities.
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(U) However, it became apparent that Naumov's objectives were coming into increasing
conflict with Kogan. Naumov may also have been too uncritical in his experiments, and postulated
concepts or models for paranormal phenomena that Kogan felt were un-Marxist. In addition, Naumov
became very active, gave numerous public appearances, and was very open to Western researchers. He
was also known to associate with people of questionable political orientation and was openly critical
of Kogan, accusing him of being too conservative. Kogan eventually began to break with Naumov,
which may have contributed to Naumov's decline as a serious researcher. In 1974, Naumov was
arrested by the KGB and sentenced for over a year to a labor camp in Siberia. The official KGB
charge against him was taking fees for a lecture he gave on parapsychology. Research he initiated was
probably discontinued.
(U) Between 1965 and 1968 Kogan was also very active. He presented papers on his
research at various technical society meetings and chaired symposiums on parapsychology. His last
known appearance was in February 1968 when he chaired a session on "The Scientific Problem of
Telepathy" in Moscow. After this, he ceased open activities and publications, although he is known to
have continued his research efforts.
(U) In June 1968 Naumov also chaired a parapsychology conference in Moscow which
was open to Western researchers. However, Pravda carried a very critical article on parapsychology,
especially on alleged psychokinetic abilities. The basis for this criticism was centered on the
showmanship aspects of some psychic subjects and on various explanations that seemed to challenge
strict Marxism. Reference was also made to a telepathy experiment in May 1968 involving Kogan,
Mirza, and others, which apparently failed. This experiment had been given much advance publicity
by the popular magazine Literary Gazette. Publicity and resulting pressure were considered by the
experimenters to be the key reason for the failure and may have led to a more cautious attitude in
publicity of all future activity. Kogan and his group, nevertheless, continued to express great
confidence in the validity of earlier experiments that were judged successful. Kogan had previously
indicated that his experiments do not work all the time, and that on the average only about one half of
the experiments are considered successful.
(U) During this period, investigation was initiated in a wide variety of psychoenergetics
topics throughout the USSR. Many of these were with small and unofficial groups, although some
research also began at various laboratories. Kazak State University at Alma-Ata appears to have
initiated several new research efforts. This research addressed many issues of the psychoenergetic
process ranging from usual paranormal aspects to the study of biological interactions with natural or
induced energy sources (i.e., electromagnetic fields, magnetic fields, laser interaction or stimulation,
and others). The most active researcher at Alma-Ata, V. M. Inyushin, has had numerous interchanges
with research groups in Leningrad, Moscow, and elsewhere. A large amount of material is available
from these investigations; however, this generally is difficult to evaluate and does not directly relate to
main paraphysics topics. Some of this work may contribute toward development of a more complete
electromagnetic model for paranormal phenomena.
(C) Statements by Naumov and a Czechoslovakian researcher (M. Ryzl) indicated that
closed or classified research was also initiated during this period, although the validity of this
information is uncertain.
c. 1970 to the Present (U)
(U) In 1970, a book by two journalists for the popular press was released in the US. This
book, Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain, was written in a highly sensational and
exaggerated style and contained numerous factual errors. It received heavy criticism from serious US
researchers, as well as being heavily criticized in the USSR. Naumov was frequently referenced and
identified as being the source for much of the book's data, which did not help his already tarnished
image. Although this book appeared to generate new interest in many countries, it had an overall
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negative influence in the USSR. Increased open criticism of parapsychology appeared, and publication
of open research decreased. Naumov continued to hold conferences and, for a while, was instrumental
in inviting foreign parapsychological researchers into the USSR to visit with USSR investigators. This
activity ceased in 1974 with Naumov's arrest. Consequently, USSR research was no longer readily
available, except for a few popular press articles.
(U) Although Naumov's international involvements ceased, some aspects were continued
by a Czechoslovakian researcher, Z. Rejdak. In 1973, Rejdak organized the International Congress on
Psychotronic Research. Emphasis in this organization was stated to be on all phases of
psychoenergetic processes and was to focus on instrumentation aspects. This congress, or forum, has
provided at least one avenue for some open research publication in lieu of Naumov's conferences and
the popular press journals. Another publication avenue used frequently is the International Journal of
Paraphysics, published in London. However, it appears most Soviet work published through these
channels has been done by independent investigators and not necessarily those involved in careful
research or with classified projects. Many of the papers appear to be very basic, mostly speculative,
and are not well supported. However, these publications provide at least some insight into specific
interests and potential directions for research in general.
(U) Despite the various open controversies, an article, "Parapsychology: Fiction or
Reality?" appeared in 1973 in Questions of Philosophy (Voprosy Filosofii), an official publication of
the Soviet Academy of Pedagogical Sciences. Authors of this article were leading scientists who
acknowledged the reality of some "so-called parapsychological phenomena," called for the removal of
ignorance as to how the phenomena operates, and urged a multidisciplinary research approach in their
investigation. This article also recommended that individuals with strong paranormal abilities be
studied in scientific laboratories.
(C) In view of the prestige of the authors, this article is suggestive of official USSR high-
level interest in scientific aspects of paranormal phenomena. Such attention may be a continuation of
interest generated by Vasil'yev, or may in fact be a new trend. This is consistent with previous
indications of closed research activities and is further supported by observations of a
Czechoslovakian researcher who visited one of the suspected research laboratories in Moscow
(Kogan's). This visitor also indicated Kogan and other researchers, such as V. N. Pushkin, are actively
searching for psychically gifted people and are investigating methods for improving such abilities.
(U) Although his open publications ceased in 1970, Kogan was suspected to be
continuing paraphysics research. This was confirmed in 1974 when an interview appeared in the
Moscow newspaper Leninskoye Znamya. In this article, he affirms his continuing study of the physical
and theoretical nature of the telepathic process from a communication channel point-of-view. Kogan
also affirmed continuation of long-distance experiments and research with animals, and indicated an
interest in "telepathic transmission of emotions." The article implies he is actively screening the
population for people who clearly show paranormal capabilities. He stated that a major goal of his
section is to use telepathy for information transmission from or to remote locations or during certain
emergency conditions. His reference to remote locations is consistent with goals expressed earlier
(submarine or space locations). The reference to emergency conditions could refer to times when
normal communication links are blacked-out or jammed (i.e., during nuclear attack).
1
(U) Although Kogan has openly expressed his concern about premature release of
experimental data, and no doubt the effect of pressure on experiments due to excessive publicity
became clear from the 1968 failure (Moscow-Kerch experiment), it is nevertheless unusual that Kogan
would not have published since 1970. This lack of publication, in light of his on-going involvement in
psychoenergetic research, is highly suggestive that aspects of his research are classified and that he
may be receiving direct government support.
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(C) In general, specific data on research in prime paraphysics areas have been very
limited since 1970. It does appear, however, that considerable research exists and that some of this
research has government support and backing.
2. Other Warsaw Pact Countries (U)
a. Czechoslovakia (U)
(U) In the early 1920's a Czech researcher, B. Kafka, began investigation into
paranormal phenomena. He worked with hypnotized people, since he believed hypnotism was essential
to heighten paranormal abilities. He claims to have trained and perfected clairvoyant abilities in
people, and stated that his results were convincing. However, no clear data are available and his work
cannot be evaluated. There are claims that he employed paranormal perceptional modes during both
World War I and World War II for locating enemy troop positions.
(U) In 1950, Dr. M. Ryzl began serious research into paranormal perception from the
point of view of developing this ability in ordinary people. He used hypnotic training and suggestion
techniques, and found certain people's abilities did appear to improve with practice. In his research,
Ryzl chose to keep target possibilities to one of two colors to permit easy and quantifiable evaluation
of experimental results. This was accomplished by creating a large target pool of cards, with a uniform
color on each side. These cards would then be sealed in lightproof envelopes, and randomized so that
their orientation was unknown. The subject would then attempt to determine which color was on the
top side from thousands of cards presented during a particular experiment. Ryzl found that certain
individuals did exceptionally well on this type of experiment. His most successful and consistent
subject was observed by a Western researcher who visited Ryzl and noted an experiment with a success
probability of 10-5. Ryzl also claims to have successfully transmitted a three-digit number with this
technique by using considerable redundancy. In this experiment, a binary code was constructed from
the two color possibilities. Probability of success for this experiment was about 10-15. In 1967, Ryzl
left Czechoslovakia for political reasons.
(U) In the early 1960's considerable publicity appeared in Czechoslovakia on
psychokinesis experiments in the Physics Department at the University of Hradec Kralove in Prague.
The investigations centered on the alleged ability of R. Pavlita, a factory department chief, and his
daughter to cause movement of light metal foil by mental concentration. The foil, mounted in a sealed
container, could apparently be made to start or stop rotating in specified directions. After 2 years of
periodic testing, the experimenters concluded results were not sufficient for a scientific paper.
However, in informal discussion, they felt some unusual and unexplainable effects occurred that could
be an example of psychokinesis. Unfortunately, the popular press greatly exaggerated these "unofficial
remarks," and the publicity apparently led to a discontinuation of formal research with Pavlita at
that time. Dr. M. Ryzi also investigated Pavlita and was unable to find convincing evidence of
psychokinetic ability. Apparently, considerable difficulty was encountered in separating ordinary
energy transfer (such as body electrostatics or thermal radiation) from what might be considered
paranormal effects.
(U) In 1973, a Czech social psychologist, Dr. Z. Rejdak, formed the International
Congress on Psychotronic Research, which was intended to address a wide variety of paraphysics-type
issues. This organization has had four meetings (1973, 1975, 1977, 1979) and has had considerable
support from other investigators on a worldwide basis. Material presented by most Czech investigators
at these conferences have been highly speculative and of a theoretical nature. Although interest is
shown in both paranormal information and energetic aspects, it appears most investigations are of the
type made public earlier by R. Pavlita. Some of these investigations have been reported to extend over
10-15 years. Unfortunately, the data available are not adequate for meaningful evaluation of the
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various claims. The investigations in general appear to be poorly controlled and poorly reported.
Considerable publicity has once again been given them by the popular press which emphasizes
applications that appear to far exceed that suggested by the meager experimental evidence (even if
exactly as reported). The major difficulty is that it is not clear what effects can be explained from
known physical effects and what may be paranormal. The experimenters involved appear to be
conducting such experiments on a part-time basis with limited equipment, which further affects
reliability of results.
(U) As an example, a physicist, J. Krmessky, reports experiments where lightweight
objects suspended on liquid film or thread supports have apparently been caused to move by mental
volition. Another investigator, F. Kahuda, claims to have observed influences on radiometers.
However, supporting data are either unavailable or unclear. Such experiments are by their nature
sensitive to known energy transfer mechanisms and experimental control must be very high. Yet, these
researchers may be observing some unusual effects at times, perhaps of the sort observed by Adamenko
and Pushkin in Moscow. The energy transfer mechanism may somehow involve electrostatic-type
phenomena, perhaps transferred in unusual ways. Researchers elsewhere (Canada, France, England)
have also performed similar experiments and report similar results.
(U) Although R. Pavlita was involved in much debate in the early 1960's, he apparently
continues to pursue his own research and has submitted reports to Rejdak's organization. His recent
papers describe experiments where unusual specified motions have been induced in lightweight
suspended objects, and where nonmagnetic material has apparently been made to behave as if
magnetized when placed in metal containers that have been "acted on" by mental volition. These
demonstrations have been observed by other researchers, who think there may be a degree of validity
to them, since no apparent fraud has been detected.
(U) Pavlita refers to these containers as "psychotronic generators," or "biogenerators,"
since he believes they store "psychic energy" that can be transferred to other objects. This transfer, he
believes, can cause new properties to appear in matter, or cause unusual motion to be induced (even by
someone not considered to have psychic aptitude). This latter condition could be similar to that
observed by a Western researcher visiting in Moscow, who apparently was able to mentally affect an
object that Alla Vinogradova had previously "influenced."
(U) Pavlita's "psychotronic generators" have been widely publicized in the popular
press, and much speculation on their military potential has been made. However, at this time these
effects appear to operate at low energetic levels and may be due, in part, to static electricity.
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) Z. Rejdak is openly active in serving as a coordinator for
psychotronic investigations, and is increasing his research activities. He travels freely and visits
researchers in the USSR and other Warsaw Pact countries. His activities appear sanctioned by Czech
political officials, and he receives considerable support in his role as president of the Psychotronics
Organization.
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) Z. Rejdak has recently established a paraphysics
research laboratory in a hospital facility in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Part of this laboratory's function
includes screening the general population for gifted subjects, i.e., people who can perform well in
memory, mathematical computations, and in psychic tasks. The emphasis is on discovering young
people, but is not limited to any age class. These people are viewed as "national treasures" to be
studied and assisted in developing their abilities further. Rejdak's lab, having about 15 researchers, is
modeled after Pushkin's laboratory in Moscow. It appears, however, Rejdak investigates a variety of
topics (such as holistic medicine) that are not pursued by Pushkin, Rejdak frequently travels to
Moscow and has taken part in several of Pushkin's experiments.
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(C-NOFORN-NO CONTRACT) Rejdak's laboratory appears to be well equipped, and
has considerable bio-feedback type equipment. Some of his experiments involve hypnosis (similar to
Ryzl's), particularly in relation to modifying behavior (in hospital patients) and in studies of
extending consciousness to be aware of remote external stimuli. Other investigations involve medical
diagnostics, where a subject is given only a patient's name and, according to Rejdak, can provide an
accurate description of major medical problems. These subjects have also been involved in
experiments where they have demonstrated an ability to accurately describe concealed objects.
However, at this time, Rejdak's research data are not available for evaluation, and no firm statement
can be made regarding reliability of his claims.
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) Official support for psychotronic research in
Czechoslovakia appears to be increasing, apparently a result of Rejdak's efforts over the years.
Although energetic-type phenomena will probably continue to be investigated, there is also new
interest shown in paranormal perception.
b. Bulgaria (U)
(U) Active investigations into paranormal phenomena began in the 1940's by G. Lozanov
in Sofia. These early experiments were similar to Vasil'yev's sleep-wake experiments and were judged
to be successful. Later, in the mid-1960's, Lozanov performed other experiments with blind people and
noted some had an ability to distinguish differences in colors, and some could also describe drawings
by "touch." In these experiments, the targets were underneath glass. These were similar to Soviet
investigations generally referred to as "dermo-optics," and may be a form of clairvoyance. Dr.
Lozanov also claims some of these blind subjects (usually children) improved their performance
through training and practice.
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(U) Around this time, a government-funded facility was created for the study and
development of an accelerated learning method developed by Lozanov and included the study of
parapsychological phenomena. This was called the Institute of Suggestology and was claimed by
Lozanov to have a staff of about 30. Some of their investigations were with people who apparently had
proven paranormal abilities.
(C) In 1966, Lozanov described one of his experiments at a parapsychology conference in
Moscow. In this, a sender attempted to influence another person's selection of one of two telegraph
keys. In nearly 2,000 trials, the appropriate key was selected about 70% of the time (probability of
about 10-6). There is also recent information indicating Lozanov continues to work with gifted people.
Although objectives are unknown, they are believed to be directed toward communication
applications.
(U) Lozanov is very active, making many public appearances to discuss his accelerated
learning techniques and paranormal phenomena in general. His work appears to be well accepted and
he has stated that an open climate exists in Bulgaria for such investigations. Apparently, folklore that
contains accounts of such phenomena has helped create this openness.
(U) Lozanov is best known worldwide for suggestology, his accelerated learning
technique. This is not based on conventional hypnosis, but it has similar elements. Typically, a foreign
language is taught by having students listen only indirectly to the teacher's lesson in a very relaxed,
tensionless atmosphere. Music is usually in the background and the instructor's voice ranges from loud
statements to low whispers. The next day, without further instruction or reading, the students are
apparently able to recall most of the lesson's content. By such a technique, Lozanov claims that
assimilation of new material can be 5-50 times faster than normal learning. Although his claims for
suggestology are difficult to evaluate, it does appear to have some success. There is considerable
interest in this technique on a worldwide basis; several centers currently exist in the US and Canada
where such learning techniques are offered, usually for foreign languages.
(U) It appears Lozanov methods have been derived from various Yoga techniques. One of
his early research objectives was to demystify some Yoga concepts and apply them in a practical sense.
Lozanov has also studied paranormal phenomena claimed to be associated with certain Yoga
practices. He claims to have observed, at times, evidence of telepathic abilities in some people during
suggestology learning sessions.
(C) It is also known that Sergeyev is interested in Lozanov's methods. perhaps to adapt
them for his own research or possibly for some type of joint investigation with Lozanov.
c.
Poland (U)
(U) Investigations into telepathic phenomena occurred in the early 1920's at the
University of Krakow, apparently with objectives similar to those of Vasil'yev's. Most of the 30
experiments were attempts to transmit sleep-awake commands to a highly suggestible subject and
were conducted by staff members of the Physics and Chemistry Department. Although no formal
reports are available, informal data indicate the experiments were considered successful. However,
additional research was not continued.
(U) Investigations were also performed by several European researchers during the
1920's and 1930's on the abilities of Stefen Ossowiecki, a well-known Polish psychic. These
investigations all concluded Ossowiecki displayed highly unusual abilities of a clairvoyant nature,
including the ability to describe objects and written material sealed in lead containers and opaque
envelopes. His achievements with numerous controlled tests of this type and his public psychic
activities became well known; this publicity contributed to an openness toward paranormal
phenomena in the general population.
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(U) Recently, another Polish psychic from Warsaw, C. Klimuszko, has been receiving
considerable publicity. He apparently has abilities similar to Ossowiecki (who died in 1944) and has
been tested by the Psychotronic Section of the Polish Cybernetic Association. Specifics of such tests are
not available, although they are claimed to confirm his abilities. L. Stefanski, a researcher from
Warsaw, has also studied Klimuszko and claims he has the ability to obtain accurate information on
lost or missing people.
(U) Stefanski believes hypnosis is necessary to develop and enhance paranormal
perception, and apparently employs techniques similar to Kafka and Ryzi (the Czech researchers). He
has also apparently had success with people who had not previously displayed any psychic aptitude.
(U) Another researcher, Dr. S. Manczarski, a physics professor, is also active in research,
although specifics are unknown. Most of his work appears to be theoretically oriented.
(U) Although there is no indication of an extensive research effort in Poland, it appears
there are at least a few dedicated researchers and people with reliable abilities (natural or developed).
The backing of such investigations by the Polish Cybernetics Society will probably generate additional
investigations and research in the future.
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(U) In this form, dowsing has been used for at least four millennia; it is known that both the
ancient Egyptians and the Romans used dowsing for water location. In recent years, the forked stick
has yielded to a variety of more complex instruments; the dowser sometimes traverses the target
territory by auto or light plane;2 the range of indicated phenomena sought for has expanded to include
virtually any geological or archaeological anomaly; and the detection of an anomaly may now be
indicated or quantified by a wide range of electronic measuring and recording equipment.3
Nonetheless, the principle remains the same: action of a subliminal sensory input is registered by
involuntary neuromuscular response.
(U) Dowsing has existed in the Slavic countries since time immemorial. Scientific study of the
phenomenon was started in pre-revolutionary Russia in the first decade of this century and has
continued unabated to the present day, irrespective of political changes in the Soviet Union." In fact,
although all other areas of politically sensitive scientific research were repressed during the late
Stalinist period,* dowsing seems to have been unaffected. Dowsing was both used and researched
freely throughout even the worst days of the Zhdanoushchina. The reason seems clear: dowsing
assisted the Soviet Union in the development of its natural resources and industry. Consequently, the
pragmatic Stalinist regime was prepared to allow it to exist while suppressing other areas of
paraphysics with less immediate utility.
(U) The above should not, however, be taken to imply that dowsing (or the biophysical effect
(BPE), as it is called in the Soviet Union) is unequivocally accepted in the Soviet scientific community.
A recent popular journal article by a Soviet scientist relegated dowsing "more to the ranks of pure
quackery and fraud than parapsychology."5 A more balanced appraisal was given by the editors of a
scientific journal which printed a favorable article on dowsing: "The possibility of using the
Biophysical Effect for investigation of ore deposits is of concern to some segments of geology. There are
both enemies and supporters of this method. This journal will grant both sides an opportunity to
illuminate their respective points of view."6
(U) The claimed reliability of BPE observations by trained operators is excellent: "In 3 years
of research, in only 10 percent of all cases did the results of one operator differ from those of
another."" The range of claimed uses is equally impressive. In addition to location of underground
water, researchers have used BPE for location of petroleum and natural gas deposits at depths of up to
2,800 meters,8 mapping hidden mineral deposits at depths of up to 300-400 meters,9 locating
underground cavities,10 geological mapping of hidden mineral deposits, detecting lost underground
communications networks,"' and mapping fifteenth-century archeological sites.12 With all this activity,
it is certain that the Soviet researchers have considered military applications. Although an article on
dowsing techniques did appear in Czech military journal in 1925, no recent military-related research
reports can be found.13 Furthermore, at least one researcher has found that the BPE manifests itself
sometime after the removal of the object which caused the deflection;14 this allows potential
application to location of movable targets sometime after their departure.
(U) In 1968 a quasi-official organization ** was established in the Soviet Union to act as a
coordinator of all research activities on BPE. Under the auspices of this commission, there have been
two All-Union conferences (in 1968 and 1971) to discuss "a broad range of problems related to
application of the Biophysical Effect; guidance was also given for future work in this field."15
However, although there are a fairly large number of researchers and practitioners at educational,
scientific, and industrial facilities, there is no evidence of a formal Soviet program of research in the
field, nor of official organs chartered to study or apply dowsing techniques. In fact, although the
leading Soviet proponents of BPE techniques claim that "around 40 groups which use the biophysical
method to solve various geological problems are operating in different regions of the Soviet Union,"
they admit that these groups are operating "outside the Plan"16 (i.e., without official government
support).
*(U) See Section VI, paragraph I.a.
** (U) The Interdepartmental Commission for the Biophysical Effect, "in association with" the Central Administration of the
Scientific-Technical Society of the Instrument-Making Industry.
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·
(U) One of the obstacles standing in the way of universal scientific acceptance of dowsing-
BPE is the lack of a convincing body of experimental data to explain the information carrier and
receptor mechanism. Although there is at least one East European report which insists that the
information is carried through acoustic action of free water molecules on the inner ear,17 most East
European researchers believe that the information carrier acts through magnetic or electromagnetic
waves or fields. The body of experimental evidence for an electromagnetic carrier is extensive, if not
exactly clear. Some researchers feel that the shape and composition of the dowsing rod are not
important, 18 while others claim that the rod can be tuned, by its shape, composition, or the addition of
capacitors, to selectively indicate any of a wide variety of materials.19-23 At least one researcher
claims that the information carrier can be transmitted for some distance by an ungrounded electrical
conductor.24 Even while dismissing the role of the rod itself, a prominent Czech researcher cites
experimental data that tend to confirm the electromagnetic hypothesis. Jiri Bradna claims that,
"myotensiometry proved that the effect of water and metals changed the muscles' resting and action
tonus even without holding the dowsing rod,"25 and suggests that this finding might help to explain
the correlation between illnesses and place of residence noted elsewhere in the literature. He further
states the muscles of the forearm both radiate and are sensitive to electromagnetic waves in the 40 and
68 MHz range, "as well as other harmonic frequencies."26 Other prominent researchers feel that the
carrier is most likely in the 1-10 Hz range.27
(U) As seems to be true in other areas of paraphysics research, the presence of an artificial
magnetic field seems to affect BPE performance, although a static electric field seems to have no such
effect.28
(U) Whatever the information carrier channel or sensory mechanism, a significant portion of
the population can show the effect. The exact percentage of the population remains in some doubt: one
researcher "assumes" that 3% of all persons possess BPE sensitivity,29 while another report puts the
number at 20-30%.30 Yet another indicates that there is a high correlation between hypnotizability and
sensitivity to BPE, but also indicates that hypnotizing the subjects did not increase their sensitivity.31
In any event, it is clear that BPE sensitivity is not merely the province of a select few persons.
3. Ideomotor Response (U)
(U) The ideological need of the Communist countries to express all paraphysics observations
in materialist terms has led to an unfortunate grouping of two different phenomena under a single
name: the biophysical effect (BPE). As the preceding discussion indicates, BPE has been applied to
sensorimotor response to subliminal cues from the external environment (dowsing). In addition, one
group of Romanian researchers has applied the same term to ideomotor response to subconscious
ideation; in this case, the so-called Wedding Ring Test.
(U) Subliminal Ideomotor Response (SIR) as used here refers to muscular activity caused by
the subconscious mind in response to an explicit or implicit question put to the subject. In its
traditional form, it is carried out by suspending a light, dense object (typically, a wedding ring) from a
thread held in the hand by the thumb and forefinger. After assigning meaning to various forms of
motion of the suspended object .* the subject can be asked questions, and the response will indicate the
answer as it is known to the subconscious mind. Often this method allows the subject to answer
questions for which the conscious mind does not believe there is an answer available, or believes an
answer different from that resident in the unconscious.
*(U) For example: forward and back set to mean yes; side-to-side to mean no: circular motion to mean unknown. The
arbitrary meanings thus set are then tested by asking questions to which the answer is unequivocally known. Obviously, any
possible response with a simple choice answer (yes/no, boy/girl) can be asked if the subject properly assigns the meaning of a
muscular response in the subconscious.
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(U) In the form outlined above, SIR has been used by a number of Western clinical
psychologists for decades, because it gives limited direct access to the contents of the subconscious
memory without the need to alter the consciousness state of the subject. However, the technique is not
easily explained in the Pavlovian model of psychology nor in strictly materialist terminology.
Consequently, use of and research into SIR has not been encourged in the Soviet Union and Warsaw
Pact countries.
(U) By classifying SIR as a manifestation of the BPE, the Romanian team has met the
demands of ideology. However, that taxonomic decision has impacted on their model and methodology
of SIR research.
(U) The most recent set of Romanian experiments reportedly attempted to make the sex
determination with the subject unaware of the question being asked .* 32 While single or double blind
experimental protocols are desirable when the intent is to isolate the subject from external cues, it is
hardly helpful when trying to extract information already known to the subject. The results and the
conclusions drawn from them suffer accordingly.
(U) In the earlier of two known Romanian experiments in SIR, expectant mothers were able
to determine the sex of their children with 66% accuracy (n = 15). In the later, larger test, 82% was
achieved (n = 46.)33
(U) The report of the earlier experiment suggests a medical use of SIR as a diagnostic tool.
By freeing SIR of the artificial conceptual restraints imposed by the BPE model, the possible
applications to medical diagnosis appear considerable. The import of SIR as used to report internal
physiological conditions is that a condition existing within the body ** can be perceived at the
subconscious level and is available at that level for processing to a high level of abstraction without
being accessible to the conscious mind. Although there has been no known attempt in the Warsaw Pact
to make the extension, conceptually the technique could be applied to the detection and diagnosis of
virtually any medical condition.
4. Myotransfer (U)
(U) Myotransfer refers to the direct transfer of information or energy from the muscles of one
organism to those of another, without mediation through the nervous system.
.
(U) Although there have been persistent, unconfirmed reports of research on this field in the
Soviet Union, the most important known Warsaw Pact researcher is Jiri Bradna, a medical doctor at
the District Institute of Public Health, Kutna Hora, Czechoslovakia. Bradna maintains that energy
can be transferred from one person to another by moving or tensing the muscles. The energy transfer is
*(U) There are, of course, several ways in which the subjects (expectant mothers) could have subconsciously reacted to the
intent of the test. The protocol was not double-blind: the researcher could have cued the subject either by subliminal cues or
through telepathic leakage. Since the intent of the test was identical to the use of SIR in popular mythology, and in wide-
spread use among the general population, the possibility of subconscious response to an unasked question is obvious.
** (U) Such as, for instance, the composition of the amniotic fluic and the correlation of a particular composition or constituent
with a particular sex of the child.
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said to be effected up to a distance of several meters. On the basis of experiments with a wide variety
of electromagnetic shielding and transmitting equipment, Bradna claims to have firmly established
that the primary energy transfer takes place through electromagnetic waves in the VHF band .*
(U) The effects of myotransfer can be noted in several ways. The most direct is the
contraction or tensing in a target muscle, caused by the tensing of a muscle some distance away.
Bradna also claims that myotransfer affects a dowser, and that the activity of other persons in the
vicinity of a dowser will register a reaction of the dowsing rod.35 In fact, Bradna reports deflection of a
dowsing rod when, unknown to the operator, a nearby preparation of frog muscle was artificially
stimulated.36
(U) The most dramatic effect reported was the use of myotransfer for therapy of paresis.
Bradna cites extensive clinical experience to support his contention that myotransfer techniques can
be of considerable value in treatment of paralysis, even in cases which had not responded to
traditional physical therapy .**
(U) Although it is entirely likely that some or all of the claimed healing effects can be
accounted for on the basis of suggestion, autosuggestion, and feedback, the evidence and controls
reported by Bradna are sufficiently extensive to have impressed other researchers in the field. Zdenek
Rejdak, for instance, who is quite critical of the work of some other researchers, seems to fully accept
the findings of Bradna.38 It is known that Bradna's work and results have been publicized to some
degree in the Soviet Union,3º but to date there is no evidence of research along similar lines outside
Czechoslovakia.
5.
Electroencephalogram Response (U)
(U) Presumably, if a sensory or extrasensory input reaches the brain at a subliminal level. it
should have some effect on the activity of the brain, even though the subject had no conscious
knowledge of it. The most direct means of measuring this possible response is through the EEG.
However, the EEG record from an area of the brain is the resultant of all mental activity *** from the
area, and contribution to the EEG record made by a single subliminal input could be vanishingly
small. Furthermore, there is a high degree of randomness in an EEG record-so much so that some
researchers have despaired of using the EEG as an indicator of paranormal information reception.40
(U) Gennadiy Aleksandrovich Sergeyev, the most prominent Soviet proponent of EEG
analysis in paraphysics, has applied the theory of nonstationary random functions to EEG research.41
Using this technique, Sergeyev reports a correlation between the degree of turbulence in external
(solar and geomagnetic) fields, and the EEG records of humans. In Sergeyev's view, there is a causal
relationship between the external fields and psychic functioning. In normal persons, accuracy of motor
reactions (for fine motor skills) decreased by a factor of about 3 to 5 during periods of solar and
magnetic anomalies. In a psychically disturbed person, the "deterministic functions are weak, and to a
significant extent he is exposed to the effects of the external physical fields. This fact is confirmed by
the increased probability of psychic relapses in persons with weak mental activity, during periods of
solar, magnetic, etc., anomalies."42
(U) On this basis, Sergeyev has determined that the brain does respond directly to external
magnetic and electromagnetic fields and indeed changes its patterns of functioning in response to
them.
*(U) Mvotransfer could be stopped with metal filters and aluminum foil. The field could be deformed with magnets. ferrites,
and first-class conductors; it could be reflected and transmitted over waveguides, and filtered with grids.34
** (U) In his most recent extant article on the subject, Bradna reports his results obtained with myntransfer in 243 patients,37
*** (U) These could also be influenced by some muscle activity on the head.
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(U) In another experiment, Sergeyev investigated the electroencephalographic response to
optical stimuli. "Flashes of light directed at the eyes of the agent were used as stimuli, the rhythm of
the flashes varying for each eye."43 Both Sergeyev, in his report on the experiments, and Milan Ryzl, in
a separate report on the same experiments, claim that the EEG of a remote percipient was affected.
Neither report, however, makes explicit the exact nature of the EEG response recorded in the
percipient. Sergeyev does note that the EEG of the agent (the sender) exhibited a pulsation with a
frequency equal to the difference between the pulse rates of the two lights. This indicates that the EEG
record reflects the sensory inputs only after considerable processing by the visual cortex, involving both
hemispheres of the brain. Furthermore, Sergeyev indicates that the remote percipient had a subjective
impression of moving light and dark bands in the field of vision, similar to an interference pattern,
when the two frequencies were relatively close. This would seem to imply that the percipient was
receiving a message from the agent which reflected the agent's post-processing perceptions (output
from the visual cortex) rather than the input stimuli directly.
(U) There are indications that Sergeyev would logically be led to more sophisticated
applications of his statistical techniques." However, the implied follow-on work has not been
published, even though Sergeyev is known to be active in the field. Other researchers have worked in
the field of EEG recording and interpretation, and have done at least some work in relating the EEG
to paraphysics. Prior to his death in the early 1970's, Dr. Pavel Gulyayev and his team* were known to
be doing research in the field, although little directly related to paraphysics has been published since
the early 1960's. Presumably, the research effort continues at some level, but little is known about its
scope or direction.
(C) It has also been reported that, as of 1972, Professor Pavel I. Bul' was doing similar
research at the First Leningrad Medical Institute.
6. Suppressed Nueromuscular Response (U)
(U) Under sensory or ideational stimuli, there is often a subliminal or reflexive muscular
response made which is not consciously desired. Under these conditions, the conscious mind can
usually inhibit most or all of the muscular action. Nonetheless, there is usually some small
neuromuscular response during such inhibition.
(U) Although this inhibited response is normally quite small and subtle. a sufficiently
sensitive person or sensor can make use of it to derive a significant amount of information from the
conscious mind of the subject. This neuromuscular response is often used by stage performers to make
it appear that they are reading the mind of a subject. Such performances have been given for decades
by such Soviet performers as Mikhail Kuni and Wolf Messing45 and are commonplace amongst such
Americans as Kreskin. In such a demonstration, the performer typically asks a member of the
audience to think of a specific command for him to do, and then performs it without apparent
instruction from the subject. To the unsophisticated observer, it appears that the performer has read
the mind .of the subject. However, even the performers themselves will sometimes admit that their
information comes from subtle cues in the behavior of the subject.
(U) While the sort of performance outlined above does not present convincing evidence for
telepathy, it is indicative of the amount of highly specific information that can be read from the
suppressed neuromuscular responses of a subject. The implications have not been missed in the Soviet
Union. As early as 1962, it was known that the Institute of Psychology, Moscow, ** was attempting to
*(U) Subordinate to the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, RSFSR. Until recently, psychology in the Soviet Union was
considered a branch of Pedagogy.
** (U) At the Laboratory of Physiological Cybernetics of the Bekhterev Brain Institute, and also at Leningrad State University.
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derive meaning from signals sent to the lower lip during questioning. It had been discovered that such
signals are invariably sent and could be detected, even when the subject did not speak. "We have
performed many experiments and it has turned out that, when the subject thinks of something, his
tongue and lips make imperceptible movements, registering his thoughts."46 Although the press report
indicated that the Soviet researchers at that time had not been able to read out speech directly on the
basis of such signals, research was being carried out in that direction: "Deciphering of the signal is in
principle ... apparently possible. Some scientists are now working on the creation of a scheme for
reading the code of internal speech."47
(U) The application to interrogation techniques, whether for the police or for the intelligence
organizations, is obvious. Direct readout of unintentional signals sent to the lips and tongue by a
subject (called subvocalization) could be used to extract highly specific information from a source .
involuntarily and painlessly.
(C) Although nothing further has appeared in the Soviet press subvocalization, it appears
that work in this area has continued. A recent report from a Czechoslovakian researcher who has
access to some of the Soviet paraphysics facilities indicates that the Soviets have developed a throat
mike which, when attached to the subject, allows direct readout of subvocalized thoughts.
(S-NOFORN) Another report indicates that a similar sensor, possibly for the same purpose,
had been developed at the Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Leningrad, by 1969.
(C) In another application of suppressed neuromuscular response to interrogation
techniques, the same source reports that N. Ye. Fedorenko has developed a sensor which, when
attached to the interrogator, provides an indication of his subliminal response to subtle cues given by
the subject. Fedorenko and A. M. Marits are known to have conducted research on the electrical
activity of organisms since at least 1961 .* and the claim seems to be a credible extension of their
known work.
(U) If the above work on sensors to derive information from suppressed neuromuscular
signals is a credible indicator of the current state-of-the-art in Soviet technology in the field, it should
also be reported that much more ambitious work is being undertaken for much longer term
development. Academician Viktor Mikhaylovich Glushkov, Director of the Instititue of Cybernetics,
Kiev, claims that his institute is working on a means to interface human thought directly through a
transducer attached to the head, and read directly for mental activity by a computer:
.
"Thus, all information, the entire cognitive process, will enter directly into
the electronic computer. It will memorize the entire mode of thinking of its
partner, all nuances of his creative processes and it will be able to receive
any orders from him, as soon as he will have time to think of them.
.
"Just as it is possible to obtain the full symbiosis of man and machine, so is
it possible to obtain full compatibility of the work of our brain and that of a
computer. I think the scientists can attain this somewhere in the region of
the year 2020."48
*(U) At the Lab of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animals, Institute of Zoology, Kishinev.
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(U) While the above, somewhat fanciful account for a popular magazine is clearly well
beyond the current Soviet state-of-art, it could describe one direction toward which Soviet research is
known to be headed .*
7. Involuntary Physiological Changes (U)
(U) There is no longer anything mysterious in the fact that the body experiences certain
subtle physiological changes under emotional stress. Changes in blood pressure and volume, heartbeat,
muscle tonicization, and galvanic skin response under stress have long been known to physiologists
and polygraph operators. It is worth noting, however, that changes in blood volume (as measured by
the plethysmograph) have been noted during periods of telepathic reception and are being used by
Soviet and East European researchers as indicators of subconscious telepathic reception. In addition,
Bradna has reported changes in galvanic skin response and skin electrical potentials between the
hands of BPE operators in a dowsing area.
( )
*(U) The suggestion that the Soviet Union may be involved in use of computers for direct reading of human thoughts
may be less fanciful than it appears. Academician Glushkov, quoted above, is also a member of the Scientific Council
of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), Moscow. The purpose of the academy is to provide
graduates with a mastery of the "most up to date criminological methods." (Sovetsaya Estoniya, 31 August 1974.
No. 204, p 4.)
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:
distance away from a person who was attempting paranormal processes of an energetic type.
Frequency variations were in the 3-6 Hz region, consistent with the electrical activity of the
experimental person's brain. However, paranormal processes of an informational type appear to
generally correlate to the 7-18 Hz region. Individual neuronal activity also occurs in the 100-1.000 Hz
region; however, these are very weak signals and are difficult to detect.
(U) Other investigations into electromagnetic radiation effects may also contribute to the
theoretical understanding of the psychic processes, particularly if electromagnetics is found to be the
main transmission mode. The work of a Moscow physicist, A. S. Presman, for example, encompasses a
wide variety of electromagnetic field effects on living organisms. Yu. A. Kholodov, a Moscow
physiologist, has also performed extensive research on reactions of biological systems (including
nervous system) to a wide range of electromagnetic and magnetic fields. Other researchers have also
noted specific human sensitivities to very weak magnetic fields and magnetic field variations of extra
low frequencies. Some of these observations include psychological as well as physiological effects .*
(U) Although such research suffers from lack of repeatability, enough consistent reports
appear worldwide to suggest that living organisms, including the human central nervous system. do
have a far greater sensitivity to a wide range of electromagnetic influences than has been commonly
assumed.
(U) Other research has been reported that investigates effects of emitted radiation from
cellular division processes (mitogenic radiation). Some researchers note this radiation (usually in the
UV band) has a communication-like influence on adjoining cellular samples.
(U) Such research may not only contribute to understanding of paranormal processes but
may also clarify limits to normal subliminal or subsensory modes. A considerable overlap may exist.
particularly if psychic functioning is eventually proven to be electromagnetic in nature. However.
electromagnetic theory may not be the only model for psychic functioning. I. M. Kogan, the leading
USSR advocate on electromagnetic basis for paranormal phenomena, also recognizes that other
physical phenomena or fields of a different nature may be the main mechanism.
2. Quantum Physics (U)
(U) There are several concepts in quantum physics that can, at least in theory, permit
processes such as paranormal perception. This arises from the wave or probability function description
of reality, and the interconnection of observation or measurement with quantum level processes. This
interconnection can in principle be extended to include consciousness, since the end result of an
observation has an interpretation (and therefore an interaction) in conscious or subconscious mental
processes.
-----
. ..
(L) One aspect of this can be expressed by the Einstein-Podeski-Rosen (EPR) paradox which
basically states that elementary particles with the same quantum characteristics are bound together: a
change in one causes a similar simultaneous change in the other regardless of distance between them.
This concept of quantum level correlation, or coupling, can lead to several interpretations and models
that could be consistent with psychic processes.
(U) One difficulty with these concepts is that they do not add any insight on the nature of the
propagation mechanism. Some theories have been advanced, but they involve fundamental concepts of
space-time and are very abstract.
(U) A Soviet researcher. V. Pushkin, has advanced views which are combinations of quantum
physics and electromagnetics. In his view, a coherent type of radiation between properly coupled cells
could also contain types of information. In a large molecular aggregate, such as a liquid crystal, a wide
range of coupling possibilities could exist, particularly if various sub-domains of the structure have
different quantum characteristics.
"(C) Another interaction possibility from non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (NTEMR) is already under intelligence study.
1
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(U) Since immense quantities of neutrinos and antineutrinos are continually present, some
theorists have considered this flux as having a role in paranormal processes. Neutrinos have only
quantum characteristics of "spin" (no charge or mass), and their probability of directly affecting
people is extremely low. However, it is possible that neutrinos in certain energy levels could cause a
stimulated emission type interaction with molecules. A wide range of discharge frequencies would be
possible, including VLF and ELF frequencies. These frequencies could then provide a basic interaction
mechanism.
(U) Another possibility is that neutrinos generated from maser-like stimulated discharges of
molecules in the brain might create resonant modes in similar molecules or molecular sets in the brain
of a remote person. Such interactions could have sufficient modulation (perhaps induced by mental
activity) for practical information transfer. A major difficulty would be in required energy levels,
unless such hypothetical neutrino fluxes were highly coherent and somehow oriented in the proper
direction. Perhaps a quantum-type coupling could maintain the necessary orientation (assuming an
initial alignment occurred), much like a gyro maintains an orientation to a fixed reference. Such
coupling has already been theorized (Einstein-Podolski-Rosen paradox) and would appear to be
central to virtually any model involving paranormal processes.
(U) Quantum physics concepts have also been postulated to account for certain energetic
processes, such as psychokinesis. In this case, a quantum coupling effect between mental processes and
a material specimen could have an organizing influence on random thermal energy or other noise
already present. This redistribution of available energy could lead to material distortions or other
effects, depending on degree of coupling and quantity of energy present.
(U) It is difficult to form final judgements regarding the various quantum models that could
relate to paranormal processes. However, researchers note that the history of physics has been full of
surprises and suggest quantum level explanations should at least be considered along with all the
other possibilities.
3. Gravitation (U)
(U) A. Dubrov, a Moscow physicist, has proposed a model for paranormal perception based
on a gravity-type interaction. In this concept, he considers it theoretically possible for aggregates of
biological molecules that are in a loosely bound state (liquid crystal type) to create very weak quasi-
gravitational field effects. This would result, in his view, from variations in gravitational attraction
forces arising from changes in relative molecular spacing. The net effect would be a very small
gravitational-type perturbation. This would be in addition to normal gravitational attraction and
gravitational perturbations which are theoretically possible from thermal oscillations.
(U) Dubrov suspects that high strain conditions, such as muscular contraction, cell division,
or neuron activity in the brain, could create such quasi-gravitational waves of sufficient strength for
distant interaction. G. A. Sergeyev has expressed similar views and has adopted Dubrov's concepts
into his own theoretical work. Sergeyev considers the brain to be of a "paracrystal" nature which can
emit (and absorb) a wide variety of electromagnetic radiation, including gravitational effects.
Vasil'yev had also considered gravitational type interaction with the brain as a possibility for
telepathic phenomena. His view is based on a gravitational modulation effect that the brain could
somehow create, and not on generating new gravitational waves.
(U) It is not clear how gravitational models would permit useful information transfer, unless
proper alignment (from quantum physics coupling concepts) and a type of selective gravitational
resonance or modulation with appropriate distant molecular structures would also occur. This
problem has also been considered by Dubrov from the view point of alterations in the properties of
time that result from gravitational changes. Such alterations could have an information transfer
characteristic. This approach is highly speculative and could lead to several theoretical objections;
however, it cannot be absolutely eliminated as a possibility.
..
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4. Holography (U)
(U) A model for brain functioning has recently been proposed that could also add insight into
paranormal processes. This model considers the brain to have characteristics like a hologram, similar
to conventional ideas of holography in laser physics. This hologram-like attribute is compatible with
observed data on how memory appears to be distributed throughout the brain, and on observed data
involving learning and learning disorders, imagination, perception, altered states of consciousness, and
other aspects of brain functioning. A key to this model is the observation that large brain molecules
(neuropeptides) appear to have a significant role in brain regulation. In addition to regulating neural
activity, these large molecules may also influence frequency and phase relationships between different
regions of the brain, which is another similarity to a holographic process.
(U) Central to this theory is the recognition that coherent frequencies would be required.
Although his theory does not clarify what these frequencies are or their source, it may be they are
generated by quantum events within the brain, or that proper frequencies from outside sources are
involved, or both. Some candidates for naturally occurring frequencies would be as discussed earlier
(e.g., ELF, VLF, neutrino flux, gravitational waves) or other types not yet considered.
(U) This holographic model is easily adaptable to psychic processes, since this concept
considers a basic hologram to potentially exist throughout the universe. This would be similar to the
idea of a gravitational field extending to infinity. In any hologram, a small portion can reproduce data
similar to the original, although not as accurately. In this sense, specific remote information exists
throughout such a hologram and can somehow be accessed by appropriate."paranormal" processes in
the brain. This model in essence views the brain as a hologram, interpreting a holographic universe.
(U) Researchers have also noted the brain appears to generally have two basic functional
localizations. In right handed people, the left hemisphere functions in a logical, linear, analytical
mode; the right hemisphere functions in an intuitive, artistic, holistic (pattern making) mode. Psychic
processes appear to be of an intuitive, artistic nature and are very likely associated with right
hemisphere brain functioning. This possible association is strengthened by noting that responses of
people with brain damage to the dominant left hemisphere* are similar to responses from people
performing certain psychic tasks. Specifically, there are similarities in how drawings are made and
interpreted. Similar distortions occur, and inability to verbalize or analytically identify results is
similar. This also suggests that a holographic process is ultimately involved in psychic functioning.
(U) It appears that research into basic brain functioning and perceptional aspects could lead
to additional insight into psychic processes. It is known that A. Luriya, ** the leading USSR
neurophysiologist, is actively researching brain functioning and has already shown high interest in
psychic phenomena in the 1973 publication of "Parapsychology: Fiction or Reality?" Another author
of this paper, V. Zinchenko, is also known to pursue research into visual perception and visual
imagery. This research includes a variety of brain processes involving imagery and memory. The
nature of mental imagery appears to be of a holographic character and would be a natural common
point for a variety of related research. This type of research could add additional insight into
holographic-type models of brain functioning, or lead to new and more complete models. This research
may also contribute to the understanding of psychic phenomena, perhaps in combination with other
existing theories.
1
5. Other (U)
(U) There are several other concepts advanced to explain paranormal processes. Some of
these are rather abstract and may not be theoretically proper. They are difficult to interpret in terms
of physical reality and would not necessarily contribute to experimental investigations. Others appear
*(U) e.g., optic agnosia.
"(U) A. Luriya died on 14 August 1977 at the age of 76.
1
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to incorrectly use terminology from known physical concepts. An example would be Sergeyev's concept
of a "bioplasma." His intent is to call attention to the electromagnetic nature of living organisms
(which is not disputed), but he uses out-of-context analogies from plasma physics. Other theories exist
which draw heavily on physical concepts that are themselves in question. Some theories (and terms
used) appear to be designed to skirt ideological issues and are not based on a well thought-out or
theoretically proper argument. One such theory is that of a Czech researcher (Kahuda) that appears to
involve misinterpretations of fundamental physics.
(U) Confusing terminology is also common in this research. Some unusual terms are
developed as an honest attempt to bridge gaps in understanding, some are due to ideologically
acceptable considerations, and some are due to the desire for individual recognition. Creating new
names sometimes invokes an air of authority that is not warranted; Warsaw Pact researchers are as
prone to this tendency as researchers elsewhere.
(U) However, it does appear that the various concepts may at least serve as a bridge toward
opening a meaningful dialogue in a variety of research areas. A multidisciplinary research approach
that eventually may clarify key theoretical issues appears to be emerging in the USSR and on a
worldwide basis. It is certainly recognized that paranormal processes are not openly accepted in many
areas. As is true for any emerging area of study, initial difficulties are great, language and terminology
barriers exist, and resistance in established areas of research is high. In an area as complicated as
paraphysics (especially psychic functioning), such difficulties can be expected. Yet these difficulties
may not necessarily impact on eventual applications. An application emphasis is apparent in the work
of many Warsaw Pact researchers and should pose a greater concern than their ability (or inability) to
formulate appropriate theoretical models. It may well be that pursuit of application modes may be
required before the most appropriate theoretical models are developed. Insight gained from possible
application achievements may also clarify theoretical directions.
.
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SECTION VI
PARAPHYSICS RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT (U)
1. Belief Structures (U)
2. Marxist-Leninist Ideology (U)
(U) For nearly half a century, the natural sciences in the Soviet Union have been under
the control of the Communist Party. Between 1929 and 1932 the Soviet Academy of Sciences was
largely purged of its pre-revolutionary leadership, and party members were installed in key
administrative positions. Initially, there was no attempt to attach ideological significance to the works
of natural scientists, but the bureaucratic structure over the scientific community was tightened and
brought under the party's control. By the end of the 1930's,
"Appointment of officials influential in science and education-ministers of
education and agriculture, presidents of the All-Union Academy of Sciences
and of other specialized academies, rectors of the universities, editorial
boards of journals all were under the control of the Party organs.
Approval of science textbooks for use in the school system and even the
awarding of scientific degrees to individual scholars were also under close
political supervision."1
(U) From the end of the Second World War until his death, Stalin attempted to bring the
substantive findings of science under political control. The most obvious and flagrant example was in
the field of genetics, where Lysenko and his concept of biology were enshrined as the official Soviet
view in 1948. But similar battles were waged in the Soviet scientific community about relativity,
quantum mechanics, cybernetics, and other fields. In each of these, scientific progress was delayed
until the issues were resolved, which sometimes took several years (or, in the case of genetics, decades.)
(U) As a result of this pressure from Marxist ideology, each science in the Soviet Union
has had to develop a rationale to meet the challenge of the ideologues. The first task of any discipline
has been to justify its existence within the Marxist system. By and large, each scientific discipline has
met this challenge, and in the post-Stalinist period there has been a relative return to normalcy in the
intellectual life of the Soviet scientific community. However, relative freedom from persecution has
been bought at some cost in terms of the areas which were available to open research, and of the
paradigms that could be used to explain observed phenomena.
(U) The battleground through which most of this controversy was waged, of course, was
the Marxist doctrine of dialectical materialism. Both psychology and paraphysics were compelled to
deal with the problem of consciousness and the material nature of thought. As a result, psychology
found itself confined to the narrow Pavlovian conditioned response paradigm, while paraphysics was
defined out of existence a priori.
"The arguments about the possibility of direct transmission of thought at a
distance not only have a bearing on the sphere of physiology, but are also
bound up with a fundamental philosophical problem, namely, the nature of
consciousness and its relation to matter. .
. .
"Those who consider that the transmission of thought at a distance is
possible are deeply mistaken."?
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(U) A crucial tenet of Marxist philosophy is the notion that the course of history is
determined by material reality, and that all events are explainable on the basis of known or knowable
physical laws. The idea that a nonmaterial entity could affect the course of events strikes at the heart
of that doctrine and is therefore antithetical to Marxist ideology.
(U) The dispute was particularly acute, of course, because the Communist claim to a
scientific understanding of history is based upon the materialist doctrine. Should that fail, or be shown
to have major exception, then the foundations of Communist Party rule and one-party government
would be open to serious challenge. The point was not missed by party ideologues. By at least one line
of reasoning, the phenomena which compose paraphysics can be understood to imply the existence of
nonmaterial causality; it is but a short step to the anathema: the supernatural.
(U) In Marxist thought, the key is the nature of consciousness. Consciousness is defined
as the reflection of the material world, and therefore is acted upon by material reality, rather than
itself being a causal agent.
"Consciousness is nothing other than the most perfect reflection of the
material world. From this it follows that matter is primary and
consciousness secondary. This is to be understood not only in the sense that
consciousness is a product of matter, but also that the content of
consciousness is defined by the material reality which it reflects.
"Some materialists have declared that consciousness is a special variant of
matter, allegedly manufactured by the brain, rather as the liver produces
bile, for example. These are vulgar materialists. ... Thought can neither be
seen in a modern microscope nor can it be weighed or measured by a slide-
rule. Consciousness does not possess physical properties."3
-
(U) During the late Stalinist period, the attack on paraphysics from official sources was
virulent. The party-approved encyclopedia, for instance, was unequivocal in its denunciation of
telepathy, which it defined as, "the antiscientific, idealistic fiction about supernatural abilities of man
to perceive phenomena which by location and time are inaccessible to perception.
'4
(U) Needless to say, from the late 1930's until after the end of the Stalinist period,
virtually no paraphysics research was conducted in the Soviet Union; certainly none was reported. The
sole exception to this was in dowsing, which was allowed to continue throughout the entire Stalinist
regime. The researchers assisted by defining their field in materialist terms. The "biophysical effect"
certainly sounds more respectable and less threatening to a party functionary than does "water
witching." (The invention of the term was like a scientific breakthrough.) Even more important, by
demonstrating their ability to locate water and other needed natural resources during the period of
forced collectivization and industrialization, the dowsers were able to meet the most severe test of
ideological legitimacy of the time: utility. For its part, therefore, the regime allowed dowsing activities
to exist, if not exactly to flourish.
.
1
(U) Like other sciences, paraphysicists have had to spend considerable effort in justifying
their field on ideological grounds. The first attempt seems to have been to assert that the phenomena
were mediated through known, if not exactly demonstrable, material mechanisms. Electromagnetic
waves became a favorite explanation for telepathy, despite the argument that electromagnetic effects
caused by physiological processes were much too diffuse and weak to cause the noted phenomena. The
other major attempt has been to acknowledge that the information or energy transfer mechanisms are
not known, but to assert that this simply reflects the imperfect state of contemporary scientific
knowledge. Lengthy sections devoted to ideology and quotations from Lenin are frequently found in
the works of paraphysicists, particularly in the early and mid-1960's.
1
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(U) It appears that the attempt at ideological justification has been largely successful.
The current edition of the Large Soviet Encyclopedia treats "parapsychology" (which is used in much
the same way as "paraphysics" is used here) in a radically different manner than telepathy had been
treated two decades previously:
"Essentially the basis for unifying all these domains under the term
parapsychology is the secrecy and the mysteriousness of the phenomena
under investigation. It is not appropriate to regard such a basis as sufficient
for the distinction of this singular domain of scientific research. . .
"The problem is that the concept of parapsychology must be divided into
two categories, imagery or imagination as claimed by mystics and
charlatans, and on the other hand, phenomena that actually exist but are
not yet scientifically clarified by scientific psychology and physics. The
former require exposure and demystification. Researches on the latter
should be conducted in scientific institutes for psychology, physiology,
biophysics, etc."5
(U) However, paraphysics, like the other sciences, has bought success in justifying its
existence only by paying a price in terms of restricted acceptible paradigms and prohibitions against
some forms of research. To some degree, this may even be an advantage. Given some of the claims
made by some Western "occult scientists" and the extreme lack of probability that their claims will
prove to be sicentifically productive, it may be beneficial for the USSR not to pursue such
investigations. Nonetheless, certain other areas which may have great scientific importance are
similarly restricted in the Soviet Union, at least in part, on ideological grounds.
(U) Clairvoyance is an example. Unlike telepathy, there is no obvious "sender" of
information, which makes rationalization of the phenomena on the basis of known physical principles
rather difficult. Precognition, which appears to violate the familiar laws of causality and
unidirectional flow of time, causes similar difficulties. Needless to say, relatively little reserach in
these fields is known to be done in the Warsaw Pact. Furthermore, it is a commonplace occurrence for
paraphysics research results to be interpreted by some observers as supporting various "supernatural"
paradigms which, of course. are anathema to Marxist ideology. For this reason, most of the more
serious paraphysics researchers are careful to include limited statements about the probable import of
their results in terms of physical mechanisms in all their reports. There is a related conscious, though
not entirely successful, effort by such researchers to avoid sensational press coverage of their activities.
(U) Other reports have rightly noted the strong tendency of Soviet and East European
researchers to emphasize the physical explanation of the phenomena they are dealing with, rather
than to simply report on those phenomena. The normal course of science is to change explanatory
models only when a large body of evidence has accumulated which clearly indicates that the current
models cannot explain the observations. In the Soviet Union, such ambiguity cannot be tolerated in
paraphysics research, and there is a strong need on the part of all paraphysics researchers to assert a
presumed physical basis for their observations which does not violate known physical laws. This has
had the tendency to force the acceptance of explanatory models in the Soviet Union well in advance of
adequate experimental data to confirm the model chosen. The effect of this may be a premature
closure of options that may encourage empirical research to take unproductive lines in order to remain
ideologically acceptable, while concurrently discouraging research which would contribute to testing of
alternative models.
b. Scientific Paradigms (U)
(U) The attack of the party upon the sciences, and specifically papaphysics, has had a
considerable effect. However, it remained essentially an attack from without. which could be resisted
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en bloc by the scientific community. Those scientists who joined in the attack on science on ideological
grounds were invariably fourth-rate scholars who did not command the respect of their peers.
(U) The challenge from within has been more difficult to deal with. As noted earlier,
paraphysics deals with phenomena which seem in some cases to violate known physical laws. In
addition, some phenomena imply physiological sensitivities and psychological activities which violate
contemporary concepts. Furthermore, the field has had such extensive experience with fakes and
charlatans claiming scientific discoveries that science as a whole has been felt discredited by
association. For a number of reasons, then, paraphysics has been a bitter pill for established science to
swallow.
(U) There is nothing new, of course, in the scientific establishment resisting recognition
of discoveries or theories which upset the prevailing paradigms. Even Albert Einstein, for instance,
resisted quantum mechanics. A scholar who has invested his life in the development of a particular
line of thought needs an exceptional agility of mind to welcome a discovery which challenges that
model. Many eminent scientists throughout history have been unequal to the challenge of new
developments.
. .. :
(U) Paraphysics, of course, with its provocative implications, has generally met with
considerable resistance in the USSR. And here the opposition has been more difficult to overcome in
the scientific community. There are a number of highly respected scholars who have deep reservations
about paraphysics and who have felt the need to challenge claimed experimental results which violate
their concepts. The fact of their scientific reputation and the mental skills which earned them that
reputation make their challenge difficult to dismiss lightly.
(U) The conflict of competing ideas, of course, can be a highly creative process, and there
is no doubt that the attempt of the paraphysicists to meet the sceptics on their own ground has yielded
some highly useful results. The debate has spawned improved experiments, sharpened explanatory
models, and improved the understanding of both sides of the issue. In some cases it appears that the
doubts of the skeptics were well advised, and paraphysics has benefited from that discovery.
-
(U) Unfortunately, the battle is not fought purely in the realm of ideas. In the modern
world, scientific progress is closely tied to resources, and competition can be fierce. Since those
resources are largely controlled by the scientific and political establishment, opposition from respected
members of that establishment can have serious effect. Consequently, with both money and established
reputations at stake, paraphysics appears to have had considerable difficulty establishing a position
within the scientific community in the USSR.
c. Religious Considerations (U)
(U) By some interpretations, the domain of paraphysics intersects in large measure with
that of religion. On one hand, the appearance of a "supernatural" quality to some of the claimed
phenomena has led some critics to conclude that belief in paranormal phenomena necessarily lead to
acceptance of such religious concepts as a "soul" or of extra-physical entities such as spirits. For the
officially atheist political and scientific community of the Soviet Union, that perception mandates
opposition to paraphysics. On the other hand, religious believers have also sometimes had difficulty
accepting the legitimacy of paraphysics, since many of the phenomena subtended by paraphysics have
historically been linked to the forces of evil, or the devil. Thus, for both believer and nonbeliever alike,
paraphysics has raised philosophical questions which have stood in the way of its acceptance.
(U) Although paraphysics phenomena are amenable to explanation by models with
religious content, they by no means necessarily must be explained on that basis. There is a recurrent
tendency in the Soviet Union and elsewhere for the results of paraphysics research to be vested with
religious or mystical significance, or explained in terms which relate to religious or mystical concepts.
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1
To the degree that this is true, support for paraphysics in the scientific and political systems is
undermined. Because of this fact and the problems of ideology mentioned earlier, paraphysics
researchers have found it necessary to spend inordinate effort explaining their studies in terms of
philosophically neutral concepts.
d. Popular Preconceptions (U)
(U) The Russian people have an ancient and deep preoccupation with mysticism and the
occult which persists to the present day. Despite the conscious attempt of the regime to debunk such
things, there are still frequent articles in the popular press which indicate that there is a healthy
interest in the occult, especially in the rural areas.
(U) Even the more pragmatic Germans are subject to the same interests. An East
German medical doctor indicated that in his country, "the current cultural level appears to be a fine
layer, under which mysterious sciences and magic of past centuries and thousands of years are
awaiting the occasion to break through this layer, in order to come to the surface. We have here not
only sorcerers; we also have astrologists, magicians, spirits, religious fanatics, amateur homeopaths,
clairvoyants and chiromancers."6 All of these exist alongside the official atheist, materialist
philosophy, and have their effect upon the popular mind.
(U) The ancient traditions and belief in the occult are passed down by word of mouth
from generation to generation, outside the formal communications channels controlled by the
government. Apparently, one of the factors contributing to the publication of data on paraphysics in
official Soviet journals is an attempt by the government to gain some measure of control over the
situation. By channelling potentially dangerous, idealistic and spiritual popular beliefs into officially
sanctioned channels, the government can in some measure defuse those beliefs. By presenting
paraphysics research in scientific and philosophically neutral terms, the mysticism which supports
belief in the occult can to some degree be undermined. The government, therefore, has an interest in
publicizing paraphysics research, if it is properly presented.
(U) Proper presentation, however, is by no means assured. Writers in the Soviet popular
press often have a tendency to draw unwarranted implications from scientific data and to
sensationalize the findings and research of paraphysicists in ways that lead to popular misconceptions
about the scope and import of paraphysics research. The situation is sometimes aggravated by
members of the paraphysics community, who are on occasion less than modest in their claims.
(U) Some of the more responsible members of the Soviet press recognize the problem,
and there have been attempts to restrain those guilty of improper popularization and unwarranted
association of scientific results with idealistic concepts. For example. in an article in the
semiprofessional magazine Zhurnalist, one member of the fraternity first defends some of the scientific
findings of paraphysics, and then rebukes his fellows for their treatment of them in the popular media:
"New facts and phenomena, however unexpected and strange they may be, are not hostile to
materialism; rather the idealistic speculation in them, and the idealistic treatment of them are."7
(U) There have been a number of cases in the Soviet Union where scientific research, as
reported in the popular press, has been presented in a highly sensational manner. A number of serious
researchers have suffered as a result and have since learned to be highly circumspect in their open
reports of their efforts. In order to avoid unwelcome publicity associating their efforts with potentially
dangerous concept, many researchers have opted for an extremely low public profile. An excellent
example would seem to be I. M. Kogan, whose Bioinformation Section of the Popov Society has openly
been doing research into telepathy for over a decade, and yet has not published any research results
since 1970.
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e. Nationalism (U)
(U) To some degree, paraphysics research and certain applications are subject to the
influence of nationalism. The most obvious example is Kirlian photography, which was "invented" in
1939 by Semen and Valentina Kirlian in Krasnodar. The process is directly derivative of a static
discharge photographic technique that had been used in the West since before the turn of the century.
However, when the Kirlians adapted the process to use a high-frequency field, it was unquestionably a
large qualitative advance, and the Kirlians have since achieved considerable prestige in the Soviet
Union. Despite the recent finding by a team of US researchers that Kirlian photography is entirely
explainable on the basis of corona discharge, and varies with moisture content of the subject, the
Soviet Union has continued to make extravagant claims for the process.
(U) An even better example of the demands of nationalism is acupuncture. During the
late 1950's and early 1960's, Soviet physicians who had studied in China returned with knowledge of
acupuncture techniques and spread their knowledge throughout the Soviet Union. During this period,
acupuncture came into widespread use in medical clinics in the Soviet Union, even reaching the status
of a medical fad.
(U) With the rupture in political relations between the Soviet Union and China. however.
all that changed. Acupuncture was a Chinese invention; and as political relations with China
deteriorated, use of acupuncture declined precipitously. By the mid-1960's, there were no formal
training programs in acupuncture in the Soviet Union, and its use in clinics was very limited.
(U) The situation reversed itself once again only a few years later. In the late 1960's. a
research team at Kazakh State University in Alma-Ata discovered that acupuncture points could be
stimulated by laser light, with effects apparently even more beneficial than from the traditional
stimulation with needles. Almost concurrently, a Moscow physicist invented an electronic device to
measure skin resistance and discovered that there was a very high correlation between acupuncture
points and areas of anomalous skin resistance. Using the device (the tobiscope). the number of
acupuncture points was found to be considerably greater than that traditionally used by the Chinese.
(U) The political point was even more important than the scientific one. Using an
advance in technology, the Soviet Union had in only a few years added greatly (by their own
assessment) to the knowledge of acupuncture points and therapy. Far from being a political
embarrassment, acupuncture now has the status of a home-grown invention in the Soviet Union, at
least when used with laser stimulation, and its uses and official support for research are growing
rapidly there.
2. Perceived Threat from the West (U)
(U) Like other areas of applied technology which may have military application, Soviet
perceptions of Western research and development status have considerable impact on the level of
official support given to paraphysics research. The original impetus for the Soviet government to
establish Vasil'yev's laboratory at Leningrad State University seems to have been the common belief
that the US Navy had conducted successful experiments in telepathy with a submerged submarine (the
Nautilus experiments). Certainly Vasil'yev himself made several pointed references to that supposed
test in his works, even though it has been claimed that he later recognized them as a hoax .*
(C) There has been considerable Soviet interest in the telepathy experiments conducted by
US astronaut Edgar Mitchell. In addition, Soviet cosmonauts have reported experiencing paranormal
phenomena during space flight and apparently have been used by the Soviet government to seek
*(U) It should be pointed out that some members of the paraphysics community and perhaps some government officials still
seem to accept the Nautilus experiments as fact. In 1972, for instance, a Romanian scientist writing in a semiprofessional
scientific journal referred to the experiments as factual."
·
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contact with US researchers. In 1976, for instance, a cosmonaut and a Soviet scientist accompanying
him on a tour of the US made a point of requesting a meeting with a prominent paraphysics
researcher. In the course of the meeting, it became obvious that the cosmonaut (who insisted his
interest was unofficial) was well briefed on very recent events in the field. In addition, he seemed to
have official support for an exchange of information.
(C) It is not unreasonable to conclude that at least some of the Soviet government's
motivation for allowing Western paraphysics researchers access to the Soviet Union has been the
intent of learning Western research techniques and apparent successes. Certainly it is clear that Soviet
researchers are aware of Western research in the field. The continued low-level involvement of Soviet
and East European scientists in such international bodies as the International Association for
Psychotronic Research undoubtedly includes collection of intelligence on Western paraphysics
research among its goals. It seems that in several ways the government has accepted a certain amount
of risk in order to increase its access to Western developments in the field.
(U) It should also be noted that the Soviet government's official interest in paraphysics
carries certain other risks in the international arena. The Chinese have used paraphysics research in a
virulent propaganda attack against the Soviet Union, claiming that government interest was a
reflection of the need of the revisionist regime for internal supports and an indicator of the departure
of the Soviet regime from the paths of Leninist doctrine.º While it is unclear that this avenue of attack
has had any noticeable effect on international affairs, paraphysics now has been identified as a
potential propaganda weapon.
3. Organizational Politics (U)
(U) Paraphysics, as has already been noted, has severe image problems. Aside from its
controversial position within the scientific community, it is a subject with high emotional content and
frequent. unfortunate association with charlatans and opportunists. Because of this, among its
detractors (and those personal neutrals who wish to look good to its detractors) paraphysics research
has been referred to by some critics in the US as a "high giggle factor." In the bureaucratic scientific
structure of the Soviet Union, this orientation causes a systemic negative bias toward paraphysics
research which exceeds the actual personal convictions of the decision-makers themselves. Managers
at lower and middle level periodically crack down on low-level or unofficial involvement in
paraphysics research on their own initiative, in order to look good for the higher level bosses, often
without any indication that such actions actually reflect the desires of the higher levels. The tendency
toward timidity in the face of perceived risk is always safer and more likely in a bureaucratic
organization, and this cannot but have an effect on paraphysics.
4.
Net Assessment (U)
(U) In the Warsaw Pact countries, paraphysics (and the other sciences) is under the control of
the Communist Party, which supervises award of all advanced degrees, appointments to
administrative posts, distribution of material resources, and access to publication media. In addition
to party control, paraphysics is heavily influenced by prevailing popular attitudes, and personal and
organizational pressures within the scientific community which severely constrain its activities.
(U) Such constraints are not absolute. The nature of paraphysics research is such that much
personal research can take place without formal approval. From time to time, the perceptions of the
decision-makers are relaxed to the point that support (or toleration) for paraphysics research and
publication about such research increase. Indeed, there are valid reasons why the Soviet government
should approve some measure of such research and publicity. However, such approval tends to be
cyclical in nature. Publication of popular articles about paraphysics can lead to dangerous
exaggerations by the press, and further exaggerations of the significance in the popular mind. Research
discoveries, while scientifically significant and theoretically stimulating, can be less reliable than
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hoped for by the pragmatic bureaucrat, who is more interested in the solution of practical problems
than in the demonstration of theoretically significant results. There is a strong demand for
paraphysics, like the other sciences, to demonstrate practical utility despite its status as a newly
emerging and immature scientific discipline.
(U) When the premature hopes of the bureaucrats are unrewarded and the excesses of the
press lead to undesirable public reaction, there is a tendency for official support to strongly diminish.
Such periods can be of varying length. The entire mid- to late-Stalinist period was one such time of
official discouragement of paraphysics; another occurred in the mid- to late-1960's.
(U) It appears that paraphysics is again achieving something of a renaissance in the Soviet
Union and the other Warsaw Pact countries. Since the beginning of this decade, official support for
and interest in paraphysics research appear to have steadily increased. The cyclic nature of such
support probably will continue: it is highly likely that the more controversial paraphysics research
areas in the Warsaw Pact countries will experience periods of rapid advance as well as some recession
in terms of its official position over several-year intervals. However, with each such period of advance,
the number of interested scientists grows larger, and the body of accumulated scientific data of
paraphysics grows ever larger.
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SECTION VII
LEVEL OF RESEARCH EFFORT-QUANTITATIVE MEASURES (U)
1. Barriers to Assessment (U)
(U) In assessing an area of foreign scientific or R&D work, it is common to attempt to
estimate any of several quantitative indicators. Such variables as budget, number or size of facilities,
number of patents granted, number of technical publications in the field, number of personnel or
professionals in the field, and number of students enrolled in educational programs relevant to the
field are among the indicators customarily employed. Such indicators, properly used, can provide
valuable insight into the relative priority enjoyed by the field, areas of probable strength and
weakness, and eventually, changes in research priorities between competing areas of scientific
endeavor.
(U) There are many unique aspects of paraphysics research which make such quantitative
measures singularly uninformative. In most areas of paraphysics, there are no established, universally
accepted, scientific paradigms. The very nature of the subject makes many of the standard procedures
of scientific inquiry inappropriate and, at the same time, legitimately encourages approaches not
normally countenanced by the scientific community. As a result, there are no established educational
paths to paraphysics research .* Scientists from virtually all fields and, indeed, some persons with little
scientific training, can achieve recognition in paraphysics. Although the most advanced laboratory test
equipment has been used, from time to time, in paraphysics experiments, tens of thousands of
experiments have been carried out worldwide with little or no equipment of any kind. Unlike most
other areas of science, it cannot be safely assumed that a prominent researcher in paraphysics
necessarily has invested a large amount of time or resources in research. For many, probably most,
persons involved in paraphysics, it is only vocation or hobby.
..........
(C) As a result, it is extremely difficult to assign meaningful indicators to the level of
research effort of Warsaw Pact paraphysics. Since researchers can enter the field from any academic
specialty (Table I), there are no clues in the patterns of educational enrollment. Because paraphysics
research is a part-time or off-duty pursuit for most researchers, their number, if accepted at face value,
would give a misleadingly high estimate of the importance of the work being done. Since most
paraphysics phenomena are accomplished without the use of equipment, the number of patents
granted in the field is not meaningful. No useful budget for manpower can be derived, because of the
extremely fluid nature of the time allotted to paraphysics research by each person. Estimates of
material resources used are even less helpful. Despite persistent reports of high-level government
funding in some closed institutes, it seems doubtful that much money is spent anywhere in the Warsaw
Pact countries for equipment dedicated solely to research in paraphysics. On the other hand, it is
probable that a very great deal of advanced laboratory equipment is available to researchers on an
occasional basis, by virtue of their institutional affiliation .**
"it's It should be noted that at least one Polish student was apparently granted a Doctor's degree in physics with a study of the
physical problems of telepathy in 1959.
**¡ L' Researchers in paraphysics have access to the material because of a wide variety of types of scientific facilities. See Tabie
II.
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TABLE I
ACADEMIC SPECIALTY OF PARAPHYSICS RESEARCHERS-PRIME AREAS (U)
-
POST
TELEPATHY/
CLAIRVOYANCE
BPE/SIR'
DERMAL
VISION
BIO-
ENERGETIC
PSYCHO-
KINESIS
PSYCHIC
HEALING
PRE-
COGNITION
Medicine
5
4
10
5
5
2
2
2
2
Engineering
9
5
8
1
2
12
5
3
1
14
1
2
Physiology
1
1
Sociology
Toxicology
Law/Criminology
Art
Entomology
1
Archaeology
1
*Biophysical Effect/Subliminal Ideomotor Response.
(UNCLASSIFIED)
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Biochemistry
Architecture
Astronomy
1
22
3
1
Biology
1
1
2
6
4
1
2
Physics/Mathematics
Geology/Mining
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3
3
3
1
Paychology/Pedagogy
.
1
Biophysics
Chemistry
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.
1
1
TABLE II
TYPE OF FACILITY HOUSING RESEARCH-PRIME AREAS (U)
.
Tost-
PRE-
TELEPATHY/
CLAIRVOYANCE
BPE/SIR'
DERMAL
VISION
BIO-
ENERGETIC
PSYCHO-
KINESIS
PSYCHIC
HEALING
COGNITION ce vay
-
Medicine
10
3
8
5
1
-
University
4
4
3
4
2
Psychology/Pedagogy
3
1
5
2
2
1
Physics/Engineering
8
1
4
1
.
1
Observatory
Cybernetics
1
1
Law
.
-
-
Art
1
Metrology.
Chemical Engineering
*Biophysical Effect/Subliminal Ideomotor Response.
(UNCLASSIFIED)
4 February 1980
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3
2
.
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4
2
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(C) Paraphysics is an area of extremely high interest to the general public, in both the East
and the West. As a result, there have been a large number of articles on the subject in the popular
press in the Warsaw Pact countries, despite the official uneasiness about the subject. Such articles,
while extremely valuable as sources of information on researchers, facilities, and programs, are often
of very little value in assessing quantitative factors about the work reported. Thus, in many cases, it is
known that research has been conducted, and by whom and where, but it is difficult to assign a
quantitative measure to such an effort. There are similar problems, for similar reasons, with much of
the classified data base .*
(U) Since quantitative measures of personnel, facilities, and budget are frequently reported
both in the popular press and in the intelligence community, and it appears that many of these reports
are misleading or inaccurate, this study will address these issues briefly. However, because of the
above considerations, extreme caution must be exercised in this or other studies of Warsaw Pact
paraphysics. The total research effort is probably much greater than that indicated by the official
expenditures for personnel and equipment and much less than would seem apparent from the number
of researchers and facilities reported.
2.
Number of Paraphysics Researchers (U)
(U) As indicated above, there are serious problems in interpreting any single number cited for
paraphysics researchers in the Warsaw Pact countries. After eliminating journalists, critics, stage
performers and rural occultists, more than 657 persons have been identified as involved with
paraphysics research in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries. As outlined in the notes to
Table III, a number of qualifications must be applied to the meaning of the numbers shown. In
addition, it should also be noted that, in all probability, the numbers are still quite conservative.
(U) For instance, the two most prominent Soviet researchers in biophysical effect claim that
there are some 40 groups in that field in the Soviet Union; to date only 17 have been identified.
Biophysical effect research seems less likely to be kept secret than some other forms of paraphysics
work. Therefore. if the ratio is similar in the other areas, it is quite possible that the numbers of groups
shown in Table I should be raised by approximately a factor of two.
(U) If the numbers of groups are understated, it is even more likely that the number of
persons in each group should be multiplied even more. For example, the Bioinformation Section of the
All-Union Technical Society of Radio Technology and Communications imeni Popov (the Popov
Society), which is primarily interested in telepathy and clairvoyance, is generally estimated to have
some 300-500 members at any given time, and may have had thousands of persons attend meetings at
one time or another. This study identifies only 17 persons as telepathy researchers associated with the
Popov Society. The disparity between the two figures is not as great as it may seem, since most of the
persons who attend meetings of the Popov Society are simply interested observers, who do little or no
personal paraphysics research. Nonetheless, the larger number indicates the magnitude of interest in
the field, and the number of persons who have taken part in experiments under the auspices of the
Popov Society is likely to be considerably greater than 17. Similarly, even though research may be
reported under only a single name, it is very likely that many of the facilities for which only one person
is known have had a number of interested participants in their experiments. It is reasonable to infer
that further research will identify a considerable number of additional paraphysics researchers in the
Warsaw Pact countries.
"(U'I See the section on Ideology for a more complete discussion of governmental attitude and press reportage of paraphysics
research and phenomena. See Appendix III. Methodological Problems. for a more complete treatment of some of the pitfalls in
analyzing reports on paraphysics in the Warsaw Pact countries.
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TABLE III
NUMBER OF CITIES, FACILITIES, AND PERSONALITIES INVOLVED
IN PARAPHYSICS RESEARCH-WARSAW PACT (U)
CITIES
FACILITIES
PERSONS
Prime Areas
Telepathy/Clairvoyance
21
44
111
Biophysical Effect/Subliminal Response
15
25
63
Dermal Vision
12
24
58
Bioenergetics/Bioplasma
13
23
48
Psychokinesis
9
17
19
Psychic Healing.
7
8
13
Precognition
2
3
3
Areas
Magnetic Field Effects
25
51
126
Electromagnetic Field/Wave Effects
20
43
119
Heliobiology
17
48
85
Autogenic Training/Biofeedback
15
37
61
Kirlian Photography
14
24
54
Bioluminescence
13
20
39
Hypnotism/Hypnopedia
12
20
29
Acupuncture
6
12
18
Biorhythm
8
7
Biogravity
1
1
3
Total
75
213
657
(UNCLASSIFIED)
1. (U) Because of the nature of paraphysics research in the Soviet Union and the available data about it, there are certain
caveats that must be applied to the figure shown in Table I. First, the data include all persons known to have been active in
paraphysics research since the Communist revolution in the Soviet Union. Although the vast majority of these persons have been
active in the modern period (post-1959), it was felt advisable to report the others as well. There is a very strong tendency in the
Soviet Union for a research area, once begun, to continue at the same place for an extended period of time. Hence, even in the
cases where a researcher is known to have died or retired, the data are reported on the theory that others are carrying on the
work in some form at the same facility .*
2. (U) Many researchers are active in more than one area of paraphysics research. The data presented by area make no
attempt to avoid double-counting in this respect. As a result, the total shown is not the sum of the entries for each area, since the
total does eliminate double counting.
3. (U) There has been a conscious attempt to eliminate writers in the field of paraphysics who are not themselves serious
researchers. Those who are known to be journalists, stage performers, or common practitioners (such as in psychic healing) are
not reported, when they can be discerned as such. However, since much of the data comes from popular press articles. it is often
difficult to determine the exact status of the author. Within this constraint, however, it is safe to consider the great majority of
the persons represented in this table as having advanced degrees, and most of the remainder as being graduate students. The
level of professional training represented by the persons referred to in Table I is therefore quite high.
4. (U) Although once his professional career has begun, it is unusual for a researcher to sever connections with a research
institute and start anew at another, it is not uncommon for a researcher to be active in more than one facility. In these instances,
each facility is represented in the data, but the person is not counted twice.
5. (U) Much of the data is derived from popular press articles. which often do not name all researchers in a project nor
disclose the total staff size. Typically, only the name of the team leader will be printed. Consequently, in many cases, the one
name will represent a much larger team. As a result, the number of persons active in paraphysics research in each field must be
considered a conservative estimate.
6. (U) There is no intent to imply that each of the persons represented in the data is involved in full-time research in
paraphysics. In fact, that is probably the case for only a relatively small minority of researchers. For most of the persons,
especially in the prime areas, paraphysics is only a small, usually unofficial interest. (See the discussion in the text for an
expansion of this point.)
*(U) This theory is supported by the data. There are 13 researchers who were active in paraphysics research prior to 1959, whose
institutional affiliation is known (average year of last known activity: 1939). In all 13 cases, it is known that at least one other
worker was active in the same field in the modern ( post-1959) period at that facility. In two of the cases, a researcher was active
in a primary and a secondary field; in both cases, work in the primary field was known to be continuing at that facility, while
there was no direct evidence of a continuing effort in the secondary field.
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3. Facilities Housing Paraphysics Research (U)
(U) The entries in Table III indicate the number of facilities with which researchers in each
of the various paraphysics fields are known to be associated. It should be noted that most of these
facilities do not appear to have either a formal program of paraphysics research, or a well-organized
empirical research group established on an informal basis. Table IV indicates those facilities in which
it appears that a serious, organized, empirical research program has been undertaken in modern (post-
1959) times in the prime paraphysics areas. Clearly, they are a much smaller number. Even most of
these probably do not reflect a formal, government-sponsored research program into the area.
4. Government Support for Paraphysics Research (U)
(U) It is usual for Westerners who have visited Soviet paraphysics researchers to return with
stories of official government support for such research. In fact, such support seems unquestioned by
anyone: "The United States and the Soviet Union each have about six major centers for
parapsychological research and about a dozen minor ones. All of the Soviet centers, of course, are
government-funded." (1971)1 "Formal, officially subsidized research in the field has gone on for years,
sometimes publicly vaunted and at other times denounced and even denied." (1977)2
(C-WNINTEL) Such conclusions derive naturally enough from the common perception that
everything in the Soviet Union necessarily reflects official government policy and support. Despite the
occasional denials from official government sources, the conclusion seems obvious in the presence of a
paraphysics researcher in a prestigious institution surrounded by expensive equipment. The
impression is deliberately fostered by such persons as Eduard Naumov, who has been known on
occasion to imply government support to increase his own apparent importance.*
(U) Neither are such reports in the popular press shy about assigning specific numbers to the
level of government funding. In one form or another, the estimate of 12-20 million rubles (or dollars)
has survived for at least the last decade and recurs as a current estimate routinely, despite the fact
that no one knows, or is saying, how it was originally derived.3 In its report on Soviet government
funding for paraphysics research, the RAND Corporation found that available knowledge of the level
of Soviet involvement in paraphysics provides "prima facie evidence that the figure of 12 to 20 million
rubles is, if anything, grossly inflated."4 Although the present study identifies a considerably larger
number of persons in the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries than were known to the RAND
analysts, there is as yet no reason to disagree with their assessment.
(C) Although the most common estimate of 12-20 million rubles (or dollars) seems much too
high, this has not deterred others from making more extravagant claims. Dr. Lev Tumerman, an
otherwise highly respected scientist who has emigrated to Israel, has at least twice told interviewers
that he and two other scientists were offered the opportunity in 1959 to establish a research institute
for the paranormal with a budget on the order of 10 million rubles for the first 3-4 months alone. In an
even less restrained statement, Raphael Zidovetskiy, another emigre, claims, "The parapsychology
institutes in the USSR are secret and this means that their primary purpose is military. They are given
billions of rubles (equivalent of billions of dollars) for research."5
(C) The most common assertion is that the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries
[h]ave established and funded secret facilities devoted to the study of paraphysics. Usually, it is
[a]ssumed that funding for these facilities comes from the military or, more commonly, the KGB. A
more sophisticated version of this story also holds that all the paraphysics researchers allowed to
[o]perate and publish openly are, in fact, KGB officers. There is so much ambiguity and contradiction in
* It has become apparent that extreme care must be exercised in evaluating anything that is said by Naumov and his coterie.
[A]lthough Naumov has achieved a position of high visibility for his diligent espousal of the cause of paraphysics, his technical
[c]redentials and respect for strict truth and balance in his statements remain extremely doubtful.
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TABLE IV
MOST IMPORTANT RESEARCH FACILITIES-PRIME PARAPHYSICS AREAS (U)
LOCATION
Telepathy/Clairvoyance
Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics
Moscow
1
Institute of Problems of Information Transmission
Moscow
All-Union Technical Society of Radio Technology
Moscow
Institute of Paychology, APS, RSFSR
Moscow
Leningrad State University
Leningrad
Leningrad
Brain Institute imeni Bekhterev
Institute of Psychology
Institute of Suggestology
Kiev
Sofia, Bulgaria
Biophysical Effect/Subliminal Response
VNII of Hydrology and Engineering Geology
Interdepartmental Commission for BPE
VNII of Prospecting Geophysics
Scientific Production Association
Leningrad
Center for Hygiene and Public Health
Labor Protection Center
Bucharest, Romania
Dermal Vision
Institute of Problems of Information Transmission
Moscow
Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology
VNII of Railroad Hygiene
Moscow
Sverdlovsk State Pedagogical Institute
Sverdlovak
Alma-Ata
Nizhniy Tagil
-
Institute for Biological Testing of Chemicals
Unknown Facility (new)
Institute of Psychology, APS, RSFSR
Leningrad State University
Moscow
Novosibirsk
Moscow
Leningrad
Tblisi
NOTE:
Classification of a facility as one of the "most important" implies only that it is known that serious
empirical research in the field has been undertaken there, over a span of several years, by more than
one researcher with good professional qualifications. There is no intent to suggest that all, or even most,
of these facilities are staffed by full-time professionals working in prime paraphysics areas nor that
there is necessarily any official government support for such work at these facilities. However, it is reason-
able to assume that researchers would have the full range of technical expertise and equipment at their
facility available to them at least for part-time consultation and use.
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)
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Kazakb State University imeni Kirov
Nizhniy Tagil State Pedagogical Institute
Bioenergetica/Bioplasma
Patrice Lumumba University
Leningrad State University
Kazkh State University imeni Kirov
Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Psychokinesis
Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE)
Moscow
Leningrad
Alma-Ata
Novosibirsk
Moscow
Psychic Healing
Unknown Facility
Precognition / Clanvespace
None
Moscow
Moscow
Leningrad
1
Timisoara, Romania
Moscow

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the available data that any analyst or reporter can exercise his preconceptions rather freely without
fear of convincing refutation. Careful reading of intelligence reports and studies can usually allow the
reader to infer the preconceptions of the writer and thus balance his judgments accordingly.
Nonetheless, there do not appear to be any clear, provable conclusions that can be drawn with respect
to Soviet secret paraphysics installations and funding.
(U) With the above considerations in mind, the following represents the best current
judgment on the state of Soviet closed research in paraphysics and the probable degree of official
funding associated with that research.
a. Leningrad State University (U)
(C) It appears incontrovertible that there are, or have been, some official or quasi-
official organizations devoted to research into the prime paraphysics areas. The best known of these is
L. L. Vasil'yev's lab at Leningrad State University. Formed in about 1959, the lab continued
investigation with volunteer subjects until 1971, when it was disestablished. It seems quite clear that
this lab did enjoy official funding, although the level of support seems to have been very small-on the
order of a few tens of thousands of rubles, at most.
b. Bioinformation Section of the Popov Society (U)
(C) The largest organization (in terms of number of persons involved) is the
Bioinformation Section of the All-Union Technical Society of Radio Technology and Communications
imeni Popov (the Popov Society). The Bioinformation Section, headed since its founding (probably in
1965) by Ippolit Moyseyevich Kogan, consists of a relatively small cadre of administrators and
researchers, and a large number of interested persons who attend the regular meetings of the section.
The interests of the Bioinformation Section are deliberately narrow, reflecting the judgment of Kogan
that, to avoid conflict with the authorities, only telepathy and clairvoyance should be included in the
research interests of the section. As early as 1966, the work of the section was stated to include
collection and analysis of spontaneous cases of telepathy and clairvoyance; experiments in shielded,
remote suggestion; and the search for telepathically gifted people for further research.6 It has been
recently reported that Kogan, probably through his association with the Bioinformation Section, and
Venyamin Noyevich Pushkin have been cooperating, with government assistance, in the search for
psychically gifted children; and in a 1974 interview, Kogan reaffirmed the continuing interest of the
Bioinformation Section in telepathy/clairvoyance research.7 Clearly there is some level of funding
required to carry out these activities, although the source of such funding remains obscure.
c. Ukhtomskii Physiological Institute* (U)
(U) G. A. Sergeyev, at the Ukhtomskii Physiological Institute in Leningrad, has been
active in various paraphysics research since the early 1960's. Some of his work involves development of
instrumentation to measure weak electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields that are associated with
normal and abnormal physiological or psychological states, including psychokinetic phenomena. His
work also includes study of influences of such fields on material and biological samples and on people;
he has investigated information properties of EEG data, he has conducted telepathy experiments, and
he has proposed various theoretical models to explain paranormal phenomena. It is not known if this
research has the official backing of his laboratory or has any government support. However, it is very
likely that he uses facilities at the laboratory for some of his experiments.
-
*(U) Uklitomskii Physiological Institute is subordinate to Leningrad University.
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d. Institute of Psychology (U)
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) V. N. Pushkin is a respected scientist who has conducted
research in telepathy, psychokinesis, and bioenergetics in his lab at the Institute of Psychology,
Moscow .* He has recently increased research in this area by adding Victor and Alla Adamenko to his
staff, and has very likely been involved in long distance telepathy experiments of the "flashing light"
variety. He is known to have a working relationship with Kogan and with Rejdak (Prague,
Czechoslovakia), and has an active program for identifying or locating "gifted subjects". Previous
reports that indicated he "has much money to spend" may be valid; he may very likely be conducting
significant paraphysics research on an official basis.
e. Section of Technical Parapsychology (U)
(C) Beginning about 1966, Eduard K. Naumov and I. M. Kogan apparently had a severe
disagreement over both the scope of their research effort and the publication of the results. In both,
Kogan appears to have taken a much more conservative line. As a result, in 1966, Naumov, who had
been a deputy director of the Bioinformation Section, formed his own group, the Section of Technical
Parapsychology, in association with the All-Union Evening Machinebuilding Institute.8 Although the
formation of this Section apparently was originally encouraged by a number of prominent Soviet
scientists, Naumov's tendency to allow enthusiasm to exceed good judgment seems to have caused the
original support to dissipate rather quickly. Although Naumov himself seems, from time to time, to
have implied that he was receiving official financial support for his Section, the claim seems more
illusory than real.
f. Institute of Problems of Information Transmission (U)
(S) There is frequent reference in the classified literature to an associated complex of
laboratories in Moscow, at least some of which are part of the Institute of Problems of Information
Transmission (IPPI) .** In all probability, these are all branches of IPPI, which is known to have
departments spread out over five different locations in Moscow. Although these laboratories are
sometimes alleged to employ as many as "several hundred people" as paraphysics researchers, the
credibility of that estimate is very questionable. IPPI employs a total of about 300 persons, of whom
about half are scientific staff members," in 11 departments. Of these, at least five departments ***
(representing some 75 scientists) are involved in studies of human perception problems and
neurophysiology.10 The remainder work on studies in electronic network communications, such as
automatic traffic flow and computer control of communications nets.
(S) Of the roughly 75 members of the scientific staff of IPPI who are involved in work on
human physiological functioning and sensory processes, certainly the majority are not full-time
paraphysics researchers, although their interests are clearly applicable to paraphysics research. This
study has identified 10 professional staff members of IPPI who have been involved to some degree in
paraphysics research, either in dermal vision or telepathy. While it is likely that others, not identified,
have also contributed to this work, if only out of personal interest, the magnitude of the effort is in
doubt. On at least one occasion, scientists at IPPI have openly acknowledged that work on dermal
vision and clairvoyance was conducted at IPPI. The impression gained from that report was that the
*(U) Subordinate to the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, RSFSR. This is not B. F. Lomov's institute, which is often
reported with the same name.
** (U) Institut Problem Peredachi Informatsii.
*** (U) (1) Department of Processing Information in Man's Visual System; (2) Department of Information Transmission in
Nervous Systems; (3) Department of Miography; (4) Department of Mathematical Problems of Biology; (5) Department of
Biology.
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research was transitory and possibly conducted on part-time basis by interested scientists. It is not
clear that the work was officially chartered by the Institute. At the same time, there have been reports
that there has been large-scale, full-time research involvement by IPPI in paraphysics research,
although most such information comes from an outsider who had every opportunity to develop a false
impression and seems predisposed to foster it.
(S) On balance, while the exact scale of past and present paraphysics work at IPPI
cannot be gauged, it seems clear that work has been done there by a professionally competent staff
with at least the concurrence, if not the encouragement, of the Institute administration. It is possible
that some contract research on paraphysics has been carried out for an outside agency; but if so, the
magnitude of the effort would appear relatively small.
g. Scientific Production Association (NPO) VEKTOR (C-NOFORN-WNINTEL)
(C-NOFORN-WNINTEL) The Scientific Production Association (NPO) VEKTOR, in
Leningrad, was formed in February 1973 with the merger of NPO EXPRESS and NPO INTEGRAL.
The association was involved in classified research on communications and interception of
communications. Association scientists were also working on semiconductors. The association
officially belongs to the Ministry of Communications Equipment Industries.
(C-NOFORN-WNINTEL) The Association became involved in classified work on
parapsychology during 1974. The research may have examined, in part, the generation and detection
of weak human magnetic fields and possible interactions, via mental volition, with sensitive
equipment. Researchers from Kiev and other cities, who appeared to have a parapsychology
orientation, were invited to visit the laboratory on several occasions. However, it is not known at this
time if this research continues or has been abandoned. Ties may exist between NPO and the
Ukthomskii Physiological Institute where Sergeyev is known to have investigated Kulagina; however,
this cannot be verified.
h. Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow (U)
(C-WNINTEL) Professor Yu. V. Gulyayev, Deputy Director of the Institute of
Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE), Moscow, stated during a US visit in 1978 that he and other
IRE staff members have been actively researching paranormal phenomena since 1977.
(C-WNINTEL) Gulyayev indicated that his research results have been presented to
USSR Academy of Science members and its president, A. Aleksandrov. Aleksandrov apparently
supports and encourages this research. Gulyayev plans to begin a full-scale paranormal research
program after March 1979.
(S-WNINTEL) This institute employs about 600 people (422 professionals), and is the
principal USSR facility where basic (or advanced) research on radio engineering and electronics is
performed. IRE has direct links with industry, academic facilities, and the Academy of Sciences. Some
of the technological areas being researched at IRE are fiber optics, low-signal detectors (e.g.,
superconducting Josephen junctions), electron hole liquids (plasma and gas), lattice vibration in thin
films, radio wave propagation (long waves through light frequencies), and advanced development of
"remote sensors" (IR, etc.) for use in satellites.
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i. Kazakh State University, Alma-Ata (U)
(U) In all probability, the largest center for paraphysics research in the Soviet Union is
located at the Kazakh State University imeni Kirov in Alma-Ata. At least 20 researchers there are
known to have investigated a wide range of paraphysics topics, and the number of researchers is
probably considerably larger. Although the major emphasis appears to be on bioenergetics, bioplasma,
Kirlian photography, autogenic training, and dermal optics, there is also some evidence of research in
telepathy and the related disciplines of bioluminescence, magnetic and electromagnetic wave and field
effects on organisms. The research is certainly interdisciplinary in scope, although it appears to be
generally coordinated by Doctor of Biological Sciences Viktor Mikhaylovich Inyushin, head of the
Chair of Biocybernetics. As nearly as can be determined, an entire faculty of the university is involved
in one aspect or another of paraphysics research, including both staff and graduate students. The
facility is sufficiently prestigious to have attracted other well-known researchers, such as Aleksandr
Semenovich Romen and the Kirlians, to work with it on a temporary basis. In addition, the university
has sponsored several all-union conferences on various aspects of paraphysics, attracting researchers
from throughout the Soviet Union and elsewhere.
(C) Based on known Soviet R&D practices, it is not unreasonable to conclude that some
of the funding for the research effort at Alma-Ata comes from contracts let by outside agencies. It is
common for academic institutions in the Soviet Union to do such contract research for various
governmental agencies and industrial concerns .* It has been reported that there is a Research
Institute of Parapsychology at Alma-Ata. If so, in all probability it is attached to the university and
staffed almost entirely with faculty members and graduate students. It has also been reported that the
Research Institute is a highly secret, closed institute doing research for the military or KGB. While it
is undoubtedly true that some classified research is done in paraphysics at Kazakh State University,
that need not imply that the organization is closely tied to the KGB; and the high public visibility of
the research and personnel at the university argues against its status as a super-secret KGB-controlled
installation.
j. Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Novosibirsk (U)
(C) Several reports have appeared recently, in the press and elsewhere, to the effect that
there is, or was, a large organization in Novosibirsk formally chartered to study paraphysics, and
funded by the military or KGB. According to these reports, the Institute of Automation and
Electrometry established an eighth section in 1965, which was headed by a military officer and staffed
by from 60 to 150 or more persons, with extremely generous funding for equipment. The research
charter of the section is said to be extremely broad, encompassing virtually all aspects of paraphysics.
(C) While one version of the story holds that the section was disestablished in 1969,
another from the same source indicates that it was still in operation in 1972 and gives no indication
that it was closed subsequently.
(C) This facility, if its existence could be confirmed, would of course be highly significant
as an indicator of Soviet official support for paraphysics and probable present and future state-of-the-
art. However, the very existence of this facility is open to serious question. Virtually all available data
relating to it can be traced to a single emigre source. His account of his experience in Section 8 of the
Institute of Automation and Electrometry changes drastically in different interviews, held some 2
years apart, and it seems impossible to reconcile the differences on the basis of current knowledge .**
Pending resolution of such questions or confirmation through other sources, the existence of Section 8
or any other large paraphysics research facility in Novosibirsk must be considered only a weak
possibility.
*(U) In 1974 there were more than one thousand scientific research institutes and problem and branch laboratories attached
to higher educational institutions. The total budget for contract research done by these facilities exceeded 500 million rubles in
1972.11
** (U) For a more complete explanation of this problem, see Appendix III.
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k. Institute of Suggestology, Sofia (U)
(C) The Institute of Suggestology, Sofia, Bulgaria, is one of the leading institutes in the
world in the field of hypnopedia. Its director, Doctor of Medicine Georgiy K. Lozannov, has studied
Yoga in India for an extended period and has applied yogic techniques to a system of pedagogic
techniques and hypnopedia he calls suggestology. (See Section III, paragraph 2.b.) There are
recurring, apparently credible reports of some level of official involvement by the Institute of
Suggestology in studies of telepathy, clairvoyance, and dermal optics, although the degree of official
financial support is difficult to assess. There well may be the equivalent of several full-time
researchers working in these fields at the Institute.
1. Unknown Medical Facility, Prague, Czechoslovakia (U)
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) Z. Rejdak, president of the psychotronic organization,
has recently established a new laboratory at an unknown medical facility in Prague. It appears to be
well-funded and equipped, and is oriented toward medical issues (hypnosis, diagnostics, behavior
modifications, healing), toward identifying gifted subjects, and toward conducting telepathy-type
experiments. Rejdak has a staff of about 15 researchers, and is known to have a close working
relationship with Pushkin in Moscow. Rejdak investigates use of hypnosis as a tool to enhance or
facilitate telepathic perception. His research also includes use of various physiological sensors to study
effects that can be induced in others without their conscious knowledge.
m. Others (U)
(C-NOFORN-NOCONTRACT) It is likely that some paraphysics-type of investigations
are also associated with programs for developing interrogation techniques (i.e., via subliminal
perception), primarily at the Institute of Zoology, Kishinov, and at the Institute of Cybernetics, Kiev.
There are also data to indicate new paraphysics research is being initiated at the Institute for
Biological Testing of Chemicals and the Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, and at a new
parapsychology laboratory in Novosibirsk.
5. Support for Related Disciplines (U)
(U) In addition to the rather limited official support given to the more central areas of
paraphysics, the Soviet government is known to have approved research in a number of related
disciplines with relatively high emphasis in some cases. There are hundreds of researchers, many of
them full-time, doing work on the effects of magnetic and electromagnetic field and wave effects on an
organism. While these might be properly considered as areas of conventional biophysics, this study has
shown a high degree of relevance between electromagnetic and magnetic effects and the primary
paraphysics areas.+
(U) Acupuncture is another field in which there has been recent official interest with
relatively high level support. Some Soviet medical clinics have used acupuncture since at least the late
1950's, and there are now several institutions in the Soviet Union formally chartered to do research in
acupuncture. At least two such facilities have been opened as recently as 1977 .**
(U) Another field which has practical application is autogenic training, and there are a large
number of institutes formally chartered to study it. The significance of autogenic training is not lost on
the military; one of the major research centers for autogenic training is the Military-Medical Academy
imeni Kirov, where application of the technique to battlefield conditions is studied by military
surgeons.
*(U) This study has identified 57 researchers in electromagnetic wave/field and magnetic field research who are also active in
at least one other area of paraphysics research.
** (U) The Central Scientific Research Institute of Reflexotherapy, opened on 4 March 1977, and the Laboratory of Laser
Acupuncture Thereapy of the Kharkov Medical Institute, opened in July 1977.12
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6. Summary of Governmental Support (U)
(U) Official support for paraphysics in the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries is highly
variable over time, and changes markedly in response to changes in the political and scientific
environment, as well as to Soviet perceptions of the corresponding degree of official support for
paraphysics in the West. Although it is clear that there is at least some official support on a high-risk
basis for paraphysics, the current magnitude of such research in the Soviet Union probably does exceed
a few hundred thousand rubles annually in the prime areas. The total subvention of research in the
related areas of paraphysics/biophysics is somewhat greater, but the total research effort in all such
fields appears never to have reached the inflated levels sometimes claimed for them.
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SECTION VIII
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (U)
1. Paranormal Processes (U)
Qualifiers (U)
(C) Very little quality research data on paranormal processes are available from
Warsaw Pact countries. This is not necessarily an indication of a small research effort; lack of
publishing opportunities, caution exercised by the researchers, and government controls (particularly
for government-funded research) are likely reasons. Although results and conclusions are reported, the
evaluation of experiment reliability is difficult, since sufficient procedural data are usually not
provided, or sufficient experiments are not performed (or reported). For this reason, other factors, such
as status, credibility, and facility association of the researcher, have been considered in this
evaluation. Other data that might provide insight into possible research scope and objectives have also
been considered.
(U) An in-depth review of worldwide research was also accomplished to assist in the
evaluation of reported Warsaw Pact data. However, most of this worldwide data is not directly
applicable since it usually involves people who are not as capable in paranormal performance as those
involved in Warsaw Pact experiments. Subsequent consultations with US researchers have also
provided additional insight. At a minimum, it does appear that sufficient positive evidence has been
reported to warrant further study of such phenomena. Some experimental results indicate that specific
applications are possible, although data reliability and accuracy remain as issues. It is also recognized
that diverse opinions exist regarding this area of investigation and that some do not accept the
phenomena as valid.
C.
(U) In view of these considerations and constraints, this section contains best estimates
of the significance of Warsaw Pact research on paranormal processes. Although Warsaw Pact data on
this research are very limited, some of the reported experiments are highly significant.
b. Significance of Research (U)
(1) Communication (U)
(U) Paranormal communication potential has already been demonstrated by USSR
researchers. The experiments performed by Kogan's group in 1967 with single digits are the most
statistically significant ever reported. In this experiment, 105 of 135 random-selected digits from 0 to 9
were correctly identified by a remote person (receiver). Kogan's experiments with simple objects,
especially the long-distance experiments (up to 3,000 km), are also noteworthy. Other Warsaw Pact
experiments have investigated communication potential, but their results are not as significant.
(U) Communication application is a known USSR research goal, and additional
research toward this goal is known to have occurred during the past decade. It is also known that
gifted people are identified from the general population and that training techniques are pursued for
enhancing paranormal perception. Additional experiments with improvements in reliability and
diversity as a goal have probably been accomplished.
(U) Specific experiments can be expected in the near future (if not already
accomplished) from submarines, space, or command and control locations to demonstrate practical
use. Initial experiments would probably involve simple code techniques but could eventually be more
comprehensive.
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(C) Early experiments (especially Vasil'yev's) indicated the possibility of inducing
"mental orders" in others, even at long distances (1,700 km). Response to these mental orders
occurred unconsciously with the target person (receiver) not aware of any stimulus or mental imagery.
Some of Kogan's experiments also indicate the possibility of mentally inducing commands in others.
Although available data are too limited for firm evaluation, it does appear such a mode is possible.
This would be similar in principle to Kogan's communication experiments. It is not clear if intended
commands can be induced in unwitting or unfamiliar people, although this may also be possible under
certain conditions. No application intent is known, although much speculation has occurred relative to
behavior modification possibilities. It is doubtful if commands of a threatening or adverse nature
could be induced by this method alone.
(2) Information Access (U)
(C) There are indications that the application of paranormal abilities in an
intelligence mode is being considered in the USSR. However, significance of this interest or existence
of specific intelligence-oriented research is unknown.
(C) Some USSR experiments could have a possible intelligence application if
pursued in that direction. Kogan is known to be investigating the ability of certain people to describe
material concealed in metal containers, though experimental results are not known. Such experiments
could demonstrate an ability to access secure information. Kogan's communication experiments
demonstrate a basic ability for accessing information known to someone else, at least for witting
people. One of Kogan's experiments involved use of a second receiver who also correctly identified the
intended target object. The purpose of this experiment may have been to see if paranormal
information intended for another could be perceived. There are insufficient research data to determine
if information can be accessed from someone without their cooperation; however, this could also be a
possibility under certain conditions and for certain types of information.
(C) Considerable interest has been shown by Warsaw Pact countries in US "remote
viewing"! experiments, which also have intelligence application potential. Recent US experimental
information has become available that will probably increase this interest. One experiment involved
US visitors in Moscow, another involved a submarine at 170-meter depth near the Los Angeles coast,
with targets near San Francisco. There should be little difficulty for Warsaw Pact countries to pursue
remote viewing investigations, since they are similar in principle to communication experiments
performed by Kogan and others.
(C) In view of the intelligence potential of paranormal processes and apparent
interest by Warsaw Pact countries in such applications, it is likely that intelligence applications will
be pursued by them (especially USSR) in the future. Initial applications would probably involve basic
data about secure or remote locations. Should high reliability and accuracy be achievable, other
applications might be possible. These could include accessing information from the memory of select
people, locating people or equipment (e.g., submarines), or obtaining specific data from secure
facilities.
(3) Energetic Processes (U)
(C) Some of the Warsaw Pact research indicates certain people can mentally induce
weak magnetic, electric or electromagnetic fields that can be detected by nearby sensitive equipment.
Other effects of a higher energetic-type have also been reported, such as causing unusual dynamics
with small objects or devices, or influencing material characteristics. These effects are thought to be
related to electromagnetic processes in body physiology that can be regulated and directed by volition,
although there may also be other mechanisms involved.
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(C) Most of the known investigations in this area have been by Sergeyev, and they
appear to be reliable. Other Soviet investigators are also beginning similar research and report similar
results. Related work by Czech researchers does not appear reliable, although this could become
significant if experimental improvements are made and their previous results can be confirmed.
(U) There are no data of any investigation into energetic-type interactions that
appear to cause significant effects on material properties or configuration (i.e., the "Geller" effect),
although such research could occur should appropriate people become available.
(C) Potential applications for energetic-type interactions could be in operating
remote sensitive switches or in influencing equipment performance (e.g., computer elements, magnetic
tapes). However, no such applications are known to have been pursued at this time.
(U) Another energetic interaction effect noted by a few researchers is the apparent
ability of some people with paranormal aptitude to influence photographic film. Most reported effects
are non-specific; however, some research (in Perm) indicates specific images are also possible. This
research cannot be evaluated at this time due to uncertainties in reported experimental procedure and
small number of experiments. Similar effects have, at times, been reported by researchers in the West.
If these effects prove to be valid, this interaction mechanism would be of high significance and would
provide numerous research and application options. It is known USSR researchers have been
interested in this type of interaction since the early 1960's.
(U) People with energetic-type paranormal abilities have been observed to influence
biological specimens and to induce specified physiological influences on other people. In one of
Sergeyev's experiments, a frog heart (in solution) showed a change in rate consistent with the intended
action. In another experiment, a nearby target person's heart rate increased (as intended) and may
have reached unstable levels of functioning. Correlations between several physiological parameters
were also noted between the person intending the response and the target person. Such effects might be
due to combinations of weak induced fields, paranormal communications, or other factors. This work
by Sergeyev appears reliable and is consistent with results noted by some Western researchers.
(C) These influences appear to have both beneficial and nonbeneficial potential.
Sergeyev suspects improvements in physical state-of-health, including recovery from illness or disease,
can be effected in others by people with this ability. It is uncertain if nonbeneficial results could be
effected in unwitting people, since available experiments have involved cooperation of the target
person. Although weak physiological effects might be induced in unwitting people, significant adverse
physiological (or psychological) responses do not seem likely by such methods alone.
2. Other Paraphysics Topics (U)
(U) Warsaw Pact researchers are investigating a variety of biological sensitivities to electric
and magnetic fields. For example, frequencies in the radio range have been noted to affect human
EEG responses; magnetic field sensitivities have been noted in people and animals; laser stimulation
of certain skin areas is used for therapeutic effects; muscle tension creates VHF frequencies that can
be detected by others; dowsers have responded to artificial magnetic fields and to muscle tension in
other people.
(U) These and other related paraphysics research areas may add insight into a wide range of
human sensitivities and responses and could assist in explaining paranormal perception (ESP). This
research could lead to development of methods for enhancing certain sensitivities, or could also lead to
applications in certain warfare roles.
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(U) A goal of Warsaw Pact paraphysics research is to demonstrate a physical basis for a wide
variety of known unusual sensitivities. As such mechanisms are better understood, particular
applications of certain sensitivities would probably increase. For example, should dowsing be
eventually proven to be due to certain human electromagnetic sensitivities, additional practical use of
dowsers would probably occur. At the present time, there are reported to be over 40 "unofficial"
groups using the "biophysical method" working throughout the USSR on various mineral exploration
and geological problema.
(C) Research into mechanisms of subliminal responses may also add insight into some
paranormal processes, particularly if subliminal motor responses can be sensed by other people as
some dowsing research indicates. Certain contact sensors have already been developed in the USSR
that respond to subliminal speech muscle responses and can probably provide accurate reproductions
of nonvocalized speech; a sensor is under investigation by the KGB which is attached to the
interrogator, but responds to subtle cues from the person under investigation. Another very long-term
project under consideration is to develop sensors for directly accessing brain "thoughts" and storing
them in a computer.
3. Research Environment (U)
(C) Research on paranormal phenomena in the USSR has had several cyclic periods, usually
caused by scientific or ideological criticisms. Since the early 1970's, it appears the ideological battles
have been largely overcome, although occasional open criticisms are still noted. Some highly respected
scientists have openly acknowledged the need to study certain paranormal phenomena, and increases
in interest and acceptance have been noted in many sectors. The official political attitude appears to
be one of open tolerance, if not acceptance. The Soviet party has much to gain by such research, if
presented properly. In addition to various applications, it can also assist the party in controlling
certain popular beliefs.
(C) The striving for ideological harmony has led the researchers to phrase this work in
ideologically acceptable terminology. Many new terms (for old phenomena) have been coined. Most
researchers emphasize goals of discovering known physical mechanisms for explaining paranormal
phenomena and the development of theoretical models. This could be beneficial in accelerating
research in some directions; on the other hand, some areas of research might be ignored.
(C) Some USSR researchers emphasize application potential, rather than discovery of the
theoretical basis for the phenomena. This research indicates a "results-oriented" approach, with use
of people who have high ability in paranormal tasks. Such people are screened from the general
population, and in some cases, training procedures are used to enhance their abilities. Hypnosis, once
thought to be necessary for paranormal tasks, is now seldom used, and not at all used in the later
research of the established researchers.
(C) The present scope of research effort in paranormal phenomena is difficult to assess. At
least three or four small research groups associated with credible facilities are highly active, although
the key researchers may not be involved on a full-time basis. It is very likely that some government
support is provided to some or all of these major groups. Main researchers are I. M. Kogan (Moscow)
and G. A. Sergeyev (Leningrad). Another (V. Inuyshin, Alma-Ata) is very active in a broad area of
paraphysics and may not devote much time to investigating telepathy or related phenomena. There are
other investigators that are doing active research, but they appear to be involved on a part-time basis
and may not have any facility backing. It is also suspected there are other researchers and possibly
other government funded groups that are not currently known. Although rumors and reports exist
indicating extensive KGB or military funding, these cannot be verified. It appears that research
already accomplished by Yu. Gulyayev at IRE in Moscow has attracted significant attention and
support by the USSR Academy of Sciences. This could eventually lead to significant new basic
research with substantial increases in official funding in the future.
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(U) Scope of research in paranormal phenomena in other Warsaw Pact countries is not as
extensive or as credible as in the USSR. However, trends have been noted that indicate a growing
interest that will probably lead to new research efforts there as well.
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(U) Reluctance of researchers to publish and the general low quality of some of the published
research have been apparent. This may be in part due to pressures in the Soviet system and lack of
publishing opportunities. Some of the established researchers may not wish to release research results
to popular magazines or to submit papers to some journals available in this research that are very
diverse or nonselective in type of papers accepted.
(U) Although such research is receiving growing acceptance and support, it must be
recognized significant applications or breakthroughs do not necessarily require large facilities or
groups. Therefore, assessing actual achievements will remain as a serious intelligence problem.
Achievements in theoretical understanding would probably require considerable equipment and a
large multidisciplinary research staff.
(C) A review of the available literature indicated at least 100 scientists from about 200
facilities have published some type of paper on paranormal phenomena. Only a few are known to be of
direct research results, the remainder being speculation, theoretical views, surveys, and an unknown
type. These authors are probably not involved in any research, but their interest and associations
could assist in initiating additional small-scale research efforts. Other paraphysics topics that could
relate to research in paranormal phenomena have also shown increases. Available data indicate at
least 550 researchers from more than 250 facilities have performed some level of investigation in these
related topics. It is likely that there are additional investigators; however, data on their work have not
yet become available.
.
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i
APPENDIX I
PERSONALITIES AND FACILITIES ASSOCIATED
WITH PARAPHYSICS (U)
(U) The data contained in Annexes A and B comprise persons and facilities that have been
identified to date as being involved in paraphysics research. A conscious effort has been made to
exclude those whose interest is purely journalistic and those who are simply practitioners of one or
more of the various paraphysics skills, such as stage performers and healers, unless they are known to
be associated with a research project.
(U) Where known. the academic specialty and degree level of the person are indicated. While in
most cases these are unknown, it is likely that the vast majority of the persons included in this
appendix posses professional degrees and that a very high percentage possess an advanced degree.
(U) The facilities shown are those with which the person indicated is known to be associated. The
fact of such association, however, does not necessarily mean that the facility itself is in any way
formally associated with paraphysics research.
(U) Definitions of terms and abbreviations used in this Appendix are as follows:
Inst: Institute
Imeni: Named in Honor of .
NII: Scientific Research Institute INauchno-issledovate'nyy Institut)
VNII: All-Union Scientific Research Institute
Candidate: Roughly equivalent to Ph.D. degree
Doctor: Honorary degree granted to mature scientists who have made substantial contributions to
science or technology. No US equivalent.
The date indicated is the last year the person is known to have been active.
....
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ANNEX A
PERSONALITIES AND FACILITIES-PRIME PARAPHYSICS AREAS (U)
Telepathy/Clairvoyance (U)
Page No.
65
71
Biophysical Effect/Subliminal Response (U)
Dermal Vision (U)
75
Bioenergetics/Bioplasma (U) .
77
Psychokinesis (U)
80
Psychic Healing (U)
81
Precognition (U)
82
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UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78-Chg 1
4 February 1980
1
TELEPATHY/CLAIRVOYANCE
MOSCOW
INSTITUTE OF RADIOENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS (IRE)
GULYAYEV YU V (DOCTOR OF PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES)
KOTELNIKOV V A
KOBZEREV
1977
1977
1977
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
KOBOZEV N I (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1971
PUSHKIN VEN'YAMIN NOYEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY
ACADEMICIAN)
1974
INST OF PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION
BONGARD M M (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1971
MIRZALIS I V
1962
MIRZA DMITRI GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1969
KISILOVA TAMARA ALEKSANDROVNA
1974
GELLERSHTEYN SIMON GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1968
PETRUSHINSKIY VYACHISLAV VYACH/ICH
1966
ZAYDENMAN I
1967
SMIRNOV MIKHAIL SERGEYEVICH (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1972
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATIONS
GELLERSHTEYN SIMON GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1968
FIDEL'MAN VLADIMIR YE (ASPIRANT ENGINEERING)
19'70
KOGAN IPPOLIT MOSIEYEVICH (DOCTOR ENGINEERING)
1977
BULAVIN G I
1970
NAUMOV EDUARD K
1977
BOGATYREV V A
1970
ARLASHIN A G
1967
NIKOLAYEV KARL NIKOLAYEVICH
1966
KAMENSKIY YURIY I (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
1975
IVANOVA M R
1970
GULEVSKIY V V
1970
SUKHAREBSKIY LAZAR M (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY PROFESSOR)
1966
POTEKHIN A YE (CANDIDATE ENGINEERING)
1966
RAYKOV VLADIMIR A (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1971
VALUS N A (PHYS/MATH)
SMIRNOV MIKHAIL SERGEYEVICH (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1972
ACOUSTIC INST
OSHCHEPOV P K (DOCTOR ENGINEERING PROFESSOR)
1975
65
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MOSCOW HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL IMENI BAUMAN (MVTU)
KOGAN IPPOLIT MOSIEYEVICH (DOCTOR ENGINEERING)
1977
NII OF INTROSCOPY
OSHCHEPKOV P K (DOCTOR ENGINEERING PROFESSOR)
1975
MOSCOW AVIATION INST
ZIGEL'FELIKS U (DOCTOR ASTRONOMY)
1967
ALL-UNION EVENING INST OF MACHINE BUILDING
NAUMOV EDUARD K
1977
INST OF LAW
KUDRYAVISEV V (CANDIDATE LAW)
1969
CENTRAL CONTROL INST FOR MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
IMENI TARASEVICH
NAUMOV EDUARD K
1977
PETUKHOV VALERIY GEORGIYEVICH (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1977
MOSCOW NATURE-EXPLORERS SOCIETY
VILENSKAYA LARISSA V (ENGINEERING)
1977
INST OF PSYCHOLOGY, RSFSR ACADEMY OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
PUSHKIN VEN'YANIM NOYEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1974
FACILITY UNKNOWN
MONIN ARKADIY I
1967
NAUMOV PAVEL (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1968
MESSING VOLF G
YEFIMOV VASILIY VASIL'YEVICH (DOCTOR BIOLOGY PROFESSOR)
1977
YEVGRAFOV N A
1969
66
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LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
PAVLOVA LYUTSIYA PETROVNA (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1969
GULYAYEV PAVEL I (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1973
OSTROUMOV G A
1968
BEKHTEREV VM (DOCTOR BIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1927
VALUS N A (PHYS/MATH)
VASIL'YEV LEONID L (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1966
BRAIN INST IMENI BEKHTEREVA
IVANOV-SMOLENSKIY A G
1920
GULYAYEV PAVEL I (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1973
VASIL'YEV LENONID L (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1966
PUL' KOVO OBSERVATORY
KOZREV NIKOLAY A (DOCTOR ASTRONOMY PROFESSOR)
1972
LENINGRAD MEDICAL INST
SAPARMAMEDOV E (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1975
ARTISTIC FUND OF THE RSFSR
SHMELEV IGOR PAVLOVICH
1977
FACILITY UNKNOWN
SHISHKIN IGOR FEDOROVICH (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1970
KIEV
INST OF PSYCHOLOGY
LEONTOVICH MIKHAIL ALEKSANDROVICH (ACADEMICIAN)
LEONTOVICH ALEKSANDR VASIL'YEVICH (DOCTOR ACADEMICIAN)
1948
GUSKO ALEKSEY
1968
1978
1
INSTITUTE OF CYBERNETICS
ΑΙΜΑ ΑΤΑ
KAZAKH STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI KIROV
KULAGIN V V (ENGINEERING)
1970
67
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0
BLISI
NST OF CYBERNETICS
HVEDELIDZE MORIS ÄRSENT'YEVICH (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH)
1967
OVOSIBIRSK
OVOSIBIRSK STATE MEDICAL INST
ASMAN A (ASPIRANT MEDICINE)
1975
PERANSKIV S V (CANDIDATE TOXICOLOGY PROFESSOR)
1975
OVOSIBIRSK MEDICAL INST OF AUTOMATION AND ELECTROMETRY
HIERN AVGUST MIKHAILOVICH (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1969
DESSA
ACILITY UNKNOWN
1908
ITSENKO U M
APOSHNIKOV A
1977
PRUNENKO TAT 'YANA NIKOLAYEVNA
1962
RTU
CILITY UNKNOWN
IBILIA AVGUSTOVNA (DOCTOR)
1962
RAGANDA
:ILITY UNKNOWN
SNOVSKAYA IRINA NIKOLAYEVNA
1969
ATOV
ILITY UNKNOWN
RONOV V V (DOCTOR)
1962
) HOSTIPAL
.DA VALERTY
,
1
68
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KARSAKPAI
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KUPRIYANOVA ANNA IVANOVNA (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1969
VIL'YANDI
FACILITY UNKNOWN
SOOMARE I
1973
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
INST FOR THE RADIO TECHNICAL INDUSTRY
BERG A I (CANDIDATE ACADEMICIAN)
1967
VNII OF GEOPHYSICS
KAMENSKIY YURIY I (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
1975
FACILITY UNKNOWN
MITSKEVICH A P
1968
FEIZOV E =
1965
KACHINSKIY BERNARD B (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1963
MARIKOVSKIY P I (ENTOMOLOGY PROFESSOR)
1970
FLEKSOR P
1920
MAKSIMOV A I
1972
NEFEDOV YU YA
KABIKIN V YE
1968
NIKOL'SKAYA YE G
1958
KERELOV
1962
BELITSKIY G E
1944
ARKAD'YEV V K
1924
PARNOV YE (CANDIDATE ENGINEERING)
1966
KANTOROVICH M M
1963
LAZAREV P P (DOCTOR BIO-PHYSICS ACADEMICIAN)
1923
PETROVSKIY A A
1926
GURSHTEYN T V
1958
KOTIK NOME G (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1912
STANESCU SORIN (DOCTOR)
1972
ZHUK YA N (CANDIDATE)
1902
TURLYGIN S YA (CANDIDATE PROFESSOR)
1943
69
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2
ZHRAVLEVA G
YERUKHIMOVKCH L
1964
1964
PRAGUE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
NAKONECNY MILAN (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
CERNOUSEK M
1977
REJDAK ZDENEK (CANDIDATE SOCIOLOGY)
1975
DRBAL KAREL (ENGINEERING)
1973
MASOPUST VLADIMIR (ASPIRANT)
1971
SALABA JAN (PSYCH/ PEDAGOGY )
1975
REZOK PETR
1973
SIGULA S
1975
CZECHOSLOVAK SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOCIETY
DOSKOCIL I (ENGINEERING)
1973
HRADEC KRALOVE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
DROZEN YLEDIMIR
1975
UNKNOWN LOCATION, CZECHOSLOVAKIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
FIGAR STEPAN (CANDIDATE)
1959
KAFKA BRETISLAV
1967
WARSAW
POLISH CYBERNETIC ASSOCIATION
BERNAT ANNA (CHEMISTRY)
.
1977
POLISH COPERNICAL SOCIETY
KLIMUSZKO CZESLAW ANDRZEJ
1977
.SOFIA
INST OF SUGGESTOLOGY
--
LOZANOV GEORGIY K (DOCTOR MEDICINE, PROFESSOR)
.
1976
70
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
.
1973

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
TIMISOARA
CENTER OF HYGINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
MIKLOS JENO (CANDIDATE BIO-CHEMISTRY)
1976
INST OF PUBLIC HEALTH
DRAGENESCU GH E (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
LIPOVA
NUCET HOSPITAL
BARTHA CAROL (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY
1977
BIOPHYSICAL EFFECT/SUBLIMINAL (IDEO) MOTOR ACTION
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
OGIL'VI ALEKSANDR ALEKSANDROVICH (DOCTOR, GEO SCIENCES
PROFESSOR)
1973
VNII HYDROLOGY AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
KOMIN M F
1971
KONOVALOV G P
1971
MATVEYEV VALERIY SERGEYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1976
KURONOY V P
1971
TARAYEV B M (ASPIRANT ENGINEERING)
1944
SIMONOV YE V (ASPIRANT ENGINEERING)
1966
SOCHEVANOV NIKOLAY NIKOLAYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1976
VNII OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS
SOCHEVANOV NIKOLAY NIKOLAYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1976
!
1
71
UNCLASSIFIED
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. .
DST-1810S-202-78-Chg 1
UNCLASSIFIED
4 February 1980
INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMISION FOR THE BIOPHYSICAL EFFECT
PLUZHNIKOV ALEKSANDR IVANOVICH (CANDIDATE ENGINEERING)
1973
IVANOV N I (ARCHITECTURE)
1973
SVESHNIKOV N N (ARCHITECTURE)
1973
SOCHEVANOV NIKOLAY NIKOLAYEVICY (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1976
INST OF PSYCHOLOGY, RSFSR ACADEMY OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
SUKOLOV ALEKSANDR NIKOLAYEVICH
1968
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KOSOVIETS YU G
1968
BONCH-BRUYEVICH V L (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH PROFESSOR
1962
MOREW YE I (ARCHAEOLOGY)
1973
MIKHAILOV V A
1973
SERGEYEV -- MATVEYEV V (DOCTOR PROFESSOR)
1969
ROSSOV L K (ARCHITECTURE)
1973
ZAKHAROV A K (MEDICINE)
1973
LENINGRAD
SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION
1974
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
FRANTOV G S
1974
VNII OF PROSPECTING GEOPHYSICS
BOGOLYUBOV A N (DOCTOR ACADEMICIAN)
1972
GORBUNOV O D
1971
VOROSHILOV N A
1972
INST OF PHYSIOLOGY IMENI I.P. PAVLOVA
KUZMIN :(CANDIDATE)
1969
KIEV
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KOSHKAROV N A
1916
UFA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
CHEKUNOV A (GEO SCIENCES)
1973
72
UNCLASSIFIED
!
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UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
SVERDLOVSK
FACILITY UNKNOWN
MALAKHOV ANATOLITY ALEKSANDROVICH (CANDIDATE PROFESSOR)
1973
TASHKENT
TASHKENT STATE UNIVERSITY
BONDAREV B V
1970
KRASNOYARSK
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PROKHOROV VLADIMIR GEORG'YEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1973
TOMSK
TOMSK POLITECHNICAL INST
BAKIROV ALEKSANDR GRIGOR'YEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES
.
PROFESSOR)
1975
KISHINEV
INST OF ZOOLOGY
MARTS A M
1966
FEDORENKO N YE
1966
CHELYABINSK
CHELYABINSK HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING TRUST
INYUTIN IVAN PAVLOVICH (ASPIRANT GEO SCIENCES)
1975
FACILITY UNKNOWN
REFORMATSKIY V N (GEO SCIENCES)
1971
SYCH V K (GEO SCIENCES)
1971
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
BOGOMOLOV G (DOCTOR GEO SCIENCES PROFESSOR)
BER N V
1971
1944
1
73
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
OST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
BAZHENOV A S
1971
GRIGOR'YEV A M
1971
AGAFANOV G D
1971
BUROVA T A
1971
KAPACHAUSKAS V M
1971
LIPETSKIY V
1944
KEVKHISHVILI G I
1935
MEL'NIKOV YE K (GEO SCIENCES)
1971
FROLOVA S
1969
TOKAREV L
1969
VOLOKOV 0
1970
FOLOSYUK G K
1967
VIKTOROV A (ASPIRANT)
1964
-
KUTNA HORA
DISTRICT INST OF PUBLIC HEALTH
BRADNA JIRI (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PLANNING AND DESIGN ENTERPRISE
'ADERAVEK MIRKO (ASPIRANT ENGINEERING)
1977
'RAGUE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
)RBAL KAREL (ENGINEERING)
1977
SVATOPLUK TABARA
1977
FARSAW
FACILITY UNKNOWN
RBANSKI ZENON
1977
IMISOARA
ACILITY UNKNOWN
OPA VASILE STEFAN (ASPIRANT MEDICINE)
1977
ENTER OF HYGENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
OLDOVAN ION
EVIN SERGIU
1975
AZO L YA
1975
IKLOS JENO
(CANDIDATE BIO-CHEMISTRY )
1976
BUCHAREST
CENTER FOR WORK HYGIENE AND PROTECTION
1976
ABOR PROTECTION AND HYGIENE CENTER
.
DUMITRESCU IOAN FLORIN (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
74
UNCLASSIFIED
1
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.
1975
-
.POSTOL A

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UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
DERMAL VISION
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
RUBIN A B (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1964
INST OF INDUSTRIAL HYGINE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
1974
SNYAKIN PETR GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
INST OF PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION
KULESHOVA ROZA
1970
BONGARD M M (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1971
ROYAK A A (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY )
1968
SMIRNOV MIKHAIL SERGEYEVICH (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1972
MIRZA DMITRI GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY )
1969
NYUBERG N D
1969
INST OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
SAMSONVOA V G (CANDIDATE PHYSIOLOGY PROFESSOR)
1975
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
SMIRNOV MIKHAIL SERGEYEVICH (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1972
INST OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY
KURILOVA L M (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1974
PARIN V V (DOCTOR MEDICINE ACADEMICIAN)
1971
SNYAKIN PETR GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1974
NVII OF RAILROAD HYGIENE
SOKOLOVA YE G (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
RABKIN YE B (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
MOSCOW MEDICAL STOMOTOLOGICAL INST
SNYAKIN PETR GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1974
MOSCOW NATURE - EXPLORERS SOCIETY
VILENSKAYA LARISSA V (ENGINEERING)
1977
SVERDLOVSK
SVERDLOVSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL INST
DUBRONRAVOV S N
1968
CHETIN F YE (CHEMISTRY)
1974
KRUPNOV A I (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1974
GABOV A YA
1964
FILIMONOV YU M
1966
FISHELEV YAKOV R (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1965
KOLESNIKOV N I
1966
BELOUSOV VN
1966
ALEKSEYEV YU G
1964
75
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
KOZHEVNIKOV M M
1965
TIFLOTEKHNICHESKAYA LAB
MURATOV R S
1966
TASHKENT
TASHKENT STATE MEDICAL INST
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
TOMSK
TOMSK POLITECHNICAL INST
PLEKHANOV G F (CANDIDATE)
1968
MAGNITOGORSK
MAGNITOGORSK MINING METALLURGY INST
FISHELEV YAKOV R (PSYCH/ PEDAGOGY)
1965
ALMA ATA
AZAKH . STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI KIROV
OLAROVA Z 1
1966
OMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
IRTSOYANTS N S
1966
IZHNIY TAGIL
IZHNIY TAGIL PEDAGOGICAL INST
OL'DBERG IOSIF M (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1968
VININA N G
1967
OVOMEYSKIY A S (CANDIDATE MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1968
ESSA
RAINIAN NII OF EYE DISEASES AND TISSUE THERAPY IMENI V.P.
LATOV
EVALEV ANDREY YEVGEN'YEVICH (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1965
CILITY UNKNOWN
APOSHNIKOV A
1977
RAGANDA
RAGANDA MEDICAL INST
IEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
LENSK
LENSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL INST IMENI KARL MARX
AKOV N I (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY )
1966
--
-
76
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78-Chg 1
4 February 1980
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
ISHIMSK PEDAGOGICAL INST
GILEV D K
1966
MOSCOW OBLAST' PEDAGOGICAL INST
GILEV D K
1966
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KOCHINA A I
1968
DEMENEVA A N
1972
KONSTANTINOV B
1964
GUVA A
1968
GRIGOR'YEVA YE S.
1966
BIKARD V A
1968
KHOVRIN A I
1898
IVANOVA N
1968
YAKOVLEV V N
1968
PROKOPCHUK V
1965
POZNANSKAYA N B
(PHYSIOLOGY)
1938
SYUZEV V P
1965
ZAKHAROV N
1968
TRET 'YAKOV V
1968
WARSAW
POLISH CYBERNETIC ASSOCIATION
BORUN K
1975
BERNAT ANNA (CHEMISTRY)
1977
STANCZAKOWA JADWIGA (DOCTOR)
1977
STEFANSKIY LECH EMFAZY
1977
NOWICK JANUSZ
1977
BIOENERGETCS/BIOPLASMA
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
PUSHKIN VEN'YANIM NOYEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1974
OSTROUMOV SERGEY ANDREYEVICH (ASPIRANT BIO-CHEMISTRY)
1974
YASAYTIS ANTANAS ANTANOVICH (DOCTOR BIO-CHEMISTRY)
1974
INST OF PSYCHOLOGY, ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, USSR
FETISOV V .M
1973
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
RAYKOV VLADIMIR A (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1971
PATRICE LUMUMBA UNIVERSITY
1
-
ROMASHEV F M
-
1979
-
77
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
PEDAGOGICAL INST IMENI LENIN
ANGUSHEV GEORGIY (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1973
MOSCOW NATURE-EXPLORERS SOCIETY
VILENSKAYA LARISSA V (ENGINEERING)
1977
INST OF PSYCHOLOGY, RSFSR ACADEMY OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
PUSHKIN VEN'YAMIN NOYEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY ACADEMICIAN
1974
LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
SERGEYEV GENNADIY ALEKSANDROVICH (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH)
1977
GULYAYEV PAVEL I (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1973
YEVGRAFOV V G (PHYS/MATH)
1969
ZHUKOVSKAYA V V
1970
BRAIN INST IMENI BEKHTEREVA
GULYAYEV PAVEL I (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1973
NII OF FIRST AID IMENI I.I. DZHANELIDZE
GRYASNUKHIN YE G
1969
SHUSHKOV G D
1973
)
FACILITY UNKNOWN
GONCHAROV PETR T (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1973
SARYCHEV S P (CANDIDATE)
1971
KAZAN
KAZAN INST OF TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDICS
BOGDANOVICH U YA (PROFESSOR)
1976
TAKHABIYEVA D G
1976
KHARKHOV
FACILITY UNKNOWN
IL'INSKIY A P
1976
KADNIKOV O G
1976
TOVSTYAK V V
1976
ALAM ATA
KAZAKH STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI KIROV
INYUSHIN VIKTOR MIKHAILOVICH (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1977
DOMBROVSKIY BORIS A (DOCTOR BIOLOBY ACADEMICIAN)
1970
OSTRYANIN V I
1969
CHEKUROV PETR ROMANOVICH
1975
:ULAGIN V V (ENGINEERING)
1976
:IREYEVA L A
1976
RYASNUKHIN YE G
1969
--
78
UNCLASSIFIED
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UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
GRISHCHENKO V S
ZORINA D M
ZAVYALOVA OL'GA (BIO-PHYSICS)
1968
1968
1969
MOVOSIBIRSK
INST OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
SHCHURIN SIMON (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1973
KAZNACHEYEV VLAIL P (DOCTOR MEDICINE ACADEMICIAN)
1973
NOVOSIBIRSK MEDICAL INST OF AUTOMATION AND ELECTROMETRY
SHUSHKOV G D
1973
FACILITY UNKNOWN
MIKHAILOVA L P
1973
IGNATOVICH N V
1973
UNKNOWN LOCATION USSR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
NÍKANDROV A V
1971
MIKULIN A A (MEDICINE)
1971
IVANENKO K K (PHYS/MATH)
1969
KUTNA HORA
DISTRICT INST OF PUBLIC HEALTH
1977
PRAGUE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
1973
ZEZULKA JOSEF
1977
WEISENBERGER IVAN (CANDIDATE)
1977
UNKNOWN LOCATION, CZECHOSLOVAKIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PAVLITA ROBERT
1977
PAVITOVA-ZAPADLOVA JANA
1977
WARSAW
POLISH CYBERNETIC ASSOCIATION
MANCZARSKIY STEFAN A (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH PROFESSOR)
1977
LUBLIN
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
SEDLAK WŁODZIMIERZ (DOCTOR PROFESSOR)
1977
79
UNCLASSIFIED
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BRADNA JIRI (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
DRBAL KAREL (ENGINEERING)

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DST-1810S-202-78-Chg 1
4 February 1980
UNCLASSIFIED
(
UNKNOWN LOCATION, BULGARIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
ANGUSHEV GEORGIY (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1973
PSYCHOKINESIS
MOSCOW
INSTITUTE OF RADIOENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS (IRE)
GULYAYEV YU V
1977
INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL TESTING OF CHEMICALS
BEREZINE A
GUBAREV D K
1979
1979
INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1978
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
PUSHKIN VEN'YAMIN NOYEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1974
INST OF EARTH SCIENCES
DUBROV ALEKSANDR P (DOCTOR BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
VALUS N A (PHYS/MATH)
1968
VII OF INTROSCOPY
ADAMENKO VIKTOR GRIGOR'YEVICH (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
IOSCOW INST OF RADIO PHYSICS AND BIOENERGETICS
.DAMENKO VIKTOR GRIGOR'YEVICH (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
NST OF PSYCHOLOGY, RSFSR ACADEMY OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
USHKIN VEN'YAMIN NOYEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1974
ACILITY UNKNOWN
INOGRADOVA ALLA M (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1973
ERMOLAYEV BORIS VLADIMIROVICH
1973
ENINGRAD
ENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
ERGEYEV GENNADIY ALEKSANDROVICH (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH)
1977
ALUS N A (PHYS/MATH)
1968
1
1
80
UNCLASSIFIED
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1
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78-Chg 1
4 February 1980
PUL ' KOVO OBSERVATORY
KOZYREV NIKOLAY A (DOCTOR ASTRONOMY PROFESSOR)
1972
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KULAGINA NINA SERGEYEVNA
1975
ODESSA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
SHAPOSHNIKOV A
1977
NOVOSIBIRSK
UNKNOWN FACILITY
1979
80.1
UNCLASSIFIED
(Reverse Blank)
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i
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
PERM
PERM'CITY PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL
KROKHALEV GENADIY PAVLOVICH (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1977
TALINN
FACILITY UNKNOWN
NEEME TONIS G (CANDIDATE BIOLOGY)
1977
UNKNOWN LOCATION USSR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PEREGRIN J (CANDIDATE MEDICINE PORFESSOR)
1976
PRAGUE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PATROVSKY VENCESLAV (CANDIDATE ENGINEERING)
1977
CHARLES UNIVERSITY
KAHUDA FRANTISEK (CANDIDATE SOCIOLOGY PROFESSOR)
1976
TRNAVA
PEDAGOGICAL INST
KRMESSKY JULIUS (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH)
1975
BRATISLAVA
CZECHOSLOVAK METROLOGICAL INST
SANDOR ANDREJ (ASPIRANT ENGINEERING)
1977
UNKNOWN LOCATION, CZECHOSLOVAKIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PAVLITA ROBERT
1977
PAVLITOVA-ZAPADLOVA JANA
1977
TIMISOARA
INST OF PUBLIC HEALTH
·
DRAGANESCU GH E (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
PSYCHIC HEALING
MOSCOW
MOSCOW NATURE-EXPLORERS SOCIETY
IVANOVA BARBARA (ASPIRANT)
1977
FACILITY UNKNOWN
VINOGRADOVA ALLA M (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1973
81
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
TBLISI
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KENCHADZE GEORGIY
1973
KRIVOROTOV VLADIMIR ALEKSEYEVICH (MEDICINE)
1974
1974
KRIVOROTOV VIKTOR ALEKSEYEVICH (ENGINEERING)
KRIVOROTOV ALEKSEY YE
1974
ODESSA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
SHAPOSHNIKOV A
1977
-
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
ROSINA ALOJZ (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
SUCHY JAROSLAV (CANDIDATE)
1969
STEFFEL ZOLTAN (ASPIRANT ENGINEERING)
1975
KUTNA HORA
DISTRICT INST OF PUBLIC HEALTH
BRADNA JIRI (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
PRAGUE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
-
ZEZULKA JOSEF
1977
WARSAW
POLISH COPERNICAL SOCIETY
KLIMUSZKO CZESLAW ANDRZEJ
1977
PRECOGNITION
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
TERLETSKIY YA P (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH PROFESSOR)
1972
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS.
-
IVANOVA V
1975
VIL'YANADI
FACILITY UNKNOWN
SOOMARE I
1973
-
82
UNCLASSIFIED
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-

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UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
ANNEX B
PERSONALITIES AND FACILITIES-SECONDARY
PARAPHYSICS AREAS (U)
Magnetic Field Effects (U)
Page No.
85
Electromagnetic Wave/Field Effects (U)
90
Heliobiology (U)
95
Autogenic Training/Biofeedback (U)
Kirlian Photography (U)
99
102
105
Bioluminescence (U)
Hypnotism/Hypnopedia (U)
107
Acupuncture (U)
109
Biorhythm (U)
110
Biogravity (U)
111
·
·
1
83
UNCLASSIFIED
(Reverse Blank)
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UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECT ON ORGANISMS
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
CORNEANU G C
1972
CHERNYSHEV V B (CANDIDATE ENTOMOLOGY)
1974
SZEKELY I B
1972
VORONIN LEONID GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY
ACADEMICIAN)
1976
INST OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
BYKOV E G
1973
FINAKOVA G V
1973
BLYUMENFEL'D (DOCTOR CHEMISTRY)
1961
PIRUZYAN L A (ACADEMICIAN)
1971
INST OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
GORDON ZINAIDA V (DOCTOR)
1971
INST OF EARTH SCIENCES
DUBROV ALEKSANDR P (DOCTOR BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
INST OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
ALEKSANDROVSKAYA M M
1966
KHOLODOV YURIY ANDREYEVICH (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
1975
VEREVKINA
GL
MESYASTEV YE
1965
1973
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
KHOLODOV YURIY ANDREYEVICH (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
1975
MOSCOW MEDICAL STOMATOLOGICAL INST
GOLYAKHOVSKIY V YU (PROFESSOR)
1971
INST OF PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS IMENI K. A. TIMIRYAZEV
-
TARAKANOVA G A (CANDIDATE BIOLOGY)
1961
KRYLOV ALEKSANDR VASIL'YEVICH (CANDIDATE BIOLOGY)
1961
TSNII OF TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDY IMENI N. N. PRIOROVA
DOLZHIKOV A P
1968
VNII OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENT MANUFACTURE
SOLOV'YEVOY G R
1975
MOSCOW MEDICAL INST NO. 2
ZHARKOVA M A (MEDICINE)
1973
-
85
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
FACILITY UNKNOWN
GILINSKAYA N YU (CNADIDATE MEDICINE)
1974
ASABAYEV CH A (CANDIDATE)
1971
LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
VASIL'YEV LEONID L (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1966
MILITARY-MEDICAL ACADEMY IMENI KIROV
1971
INDEYKIN YE N
ZHOKHOV V P
-
1971
INST OF MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
KLIMOVSKAYA L D
1975
SMIRNOVA N P
1975
BRAIN INST IMENI BEKHTEREVA
GAL'VAS YE T
1946
TERENT'YEVYY
1946
VASIL'YEV LEONID L (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1966
PERIKHAN'YANTS
1946
PUL' KOVO OBSERVATORY
MUZALEVSKAYA N I
1975
LENINGRAD OKB OF BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL CYBERNETICS
UNKNOWN RESEARCHERS
1968
KEIV
INST OF CYBERNETICS
IVANOV-MUROMSKIY K A
1972
LIKHACHEV A I (CANDIDATE)
1975
KIEV INST OF GENERAL AND COMMUNAL HYGIENE
SIDORENKO G I
FACILITY UNKNOWN
DEGEN I L (DOCTOR)
1973
KAZAN
KAZAN MEDICAL INST IMENI KURASHOVA
SITKIN M I
1973
KAZAN STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI ULYANOVA LENINA
1966
AMINEVA R I
1967
.
AMINEV GESIOD ABDULOVICH (CANDIDATE)
1976
86
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
-
BUTORINA N

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UFA
UFA AVIATION INST
AMINEV GESIOD ABDULOVICH (CANDIDATE)
1976
TOMSK
FACILITY UNKNOWN
GORSHENINA T I (CANDIDATE)
1965
ASHKHABAD
TURKMEN REPUBLIC NI STATION FOR PLANT PROTECTION
CHERNYSHEV V B (CANDIDATE ENTOMOLOGY)
1974
KHARKHOV
FACILITY UNKNOWN
DRUZ'V A (CANDIDATE)
1967
ALMA ATA
KAZAKH STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI KIROV
AMONIV G M
MUZALEVSKAYA N I
1975
FACILITY UNKNOWN
ZELENOVA N I
1966
ROSTOV NA DONU
ROSTOV STATE UNIVERISTY
KOGAN ALEKSANDR B (CANDIDATE)
1972
NEUROCYBERNETICS INST
KOGAN ALEKSANDR B (CANDIDATE)
1972
INST OF ROENTGENOLOGY, RADIOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
UKOLOVA M A
1961
NOVOSIBIRSK
INST OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
KAZNACHEYEV VLAIL P (DOCTOR MEDICINE ACADEMICIAN)
1973
NOVOSIBIRSK STATE MEDICAL INST
YAVORSKAYA V YE
1971
PROSKURYAKOV S A (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1971
SIBERIAN . ENERGETICS INST
YAGODINSKIY VIKTOR N
1969
PUSHCHINO
INST OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS
ERDMAN G M (CANDIDATE BIOLOGY)
1961
4
87
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
VORONIN LEONID GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY
ACADEMICIAN)
1976
VORONEZH
FACILITY UNKNOWN
GOLOVAISKIY A S
(CANDIDATE)
1973
RIGA
LATVIAN STATE UNIVERSITY
UNKNOWN RESEARCHERS
RIGA NII OF TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDY
1974
KIKUT R P
1975
PERM'
PERM'MEDICAL INST
KARMILOV V I (MEDICINE)
1938
SELEZNEV A V
1938
SKACHEDUB R G (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1961
MORENDOVICH M R (PROFESSOR)
1961
FACILITY UNKNOWN
IR'YANOV YU M (CANDIDATE)
1971
TYURYAYEVA A A (MEDICINE)
1964
IZHEVSK
IZHEVSK MEDICAL INST
KHIMICH G G
1961
MURAV'YEV M F
VIL'YANDI
TSNII OF TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDY IMENI N. N. PRIOROVA
KRUTKO N F
1968
KALININGRAD
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KHODORKOVSKIY V A
1971
GLEYZER S I (CANDIDATE)
1972
VOLGOGRAD
VOLGOGRAD MEDICAL INST
GONCHAROV N I
1969
MERKULOV N G
1969
KALININ
KALININ MEDICAL INST
DESNITSKOY M M (PROFESSOR)
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KHOMASURIDZE K N
1969
88
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
DORFAMN YA G
1971
DOROZHKIN L I
1971
KHASANOVA R I
1966
KLIMENT'YEVA N A
.
1972
CHUVAYEV P P
1969
CHEPALENKO
1972
KIRYUSHKIN S S
1966
BROUN G E.
1974
GALAKTIONOVA G V
1974
GAGOSHIDZE N SH
1969
GOL'TSEVA N N
1971
GOLEV V P
1972
GUGUSHVILI D F
1969
IL'INSKIY O B
1974
ANAN'YEV L M
1972
ANDRIANOV YU N
1974
ANUFRIYEVA T V
1970
ANISIMOVA V M
1972
KHAYRETDINOV M S
1969
BOYKO V I
1973
KORDYUKOV YE V (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
ATAYEV M M
1972
SIKORA S I
1973
VYALOV A M
1973
LISICHKINA Z S
1973
VYSOTSKIY M V
1969
ROMANOV V D
1969
OSENNIY A S
1969
TRUSH V D
1966
TSAGREYAN S N
1969
SACHAVA T S
1971
ZAGREBIN A M
1972
STRZHIZHOVSKIY A D
1974
PAVELKO V M
1971
ZHGENTI T G
1969
NEYMAN B A
1969
VILENCHIK M M
1967
SHIPL' BERG P I
1969
SHCHERBAKOVA G V
1966
MADIYEVSKIY YA M
1966
ZHADIN M N
1966
PARKULAB L V (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1970
RYABCHUK YU A
1971
PRAGUE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
VALASEK E (ENGINEERING)
1977
REJDAK ZDENEK (CANDIDATE SOCIOLOGY)
1975
89
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
.
DST-1810S-202-78
UNCLASSIFIED
. MASOPUST VLADIMIR (ASPIRANT)
1971
PATROVSKY VENCESLAV (CANDIDATE ENGINEERING)
1977
TICHA A (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
CHARLES UNIVERSITY
1971
NOVAK JOSEF (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
OLOMOUC
CENTER FOR CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
JURYSEK OLDRICH (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
ZERT VLASTOMIL
1977
UNKNOWN LOCATION, CZECHOSLOVAKIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PAVLITOVA-ZAPADLOVA JANA
1977
PAVLITA ROBERT
1977
-
POLAND
NATIONAL RESEARCH INST OF MOTHER AND CHILD
CZERSKI PREMISLAV
ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FIELD/WAVE EFFECT ON ORGANISMS
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNVIERSITY
1975
INST OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
1971
BYCHKOV M S
1973
DRONOV I S
1973
TOLGSKAYA M S
(MEDICINE)
1971
INST OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
1973
ANAN'YEVA V M
1964
LIVANOV MIKHAIL NIKOLAYEVICH (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY
ACADEMICIAN)
1975
KHOLODOV YURIY ANDREYEVICH (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
ZENINA I I
1964
ZAK VI
1964
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
KHOLODOV YURIY ANDREYEVICH (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
1975
KAMENSKIY YURIY I (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS).
1975
PRESMAN ALEKSANDR SAMUILOVICH (CANDIDATE BIOLOGY)
1972
PODSHIBYAKIN A K (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
1965
RAPPEPORT S M
1964
INST OF EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOLOGY AND ANIMAL ECOLOGY IMENI
SKVORTSOV
PROTASOV VLADIMIR RUSTAMOVICH (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1975
- -
-
90
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
1
SMIRNOV V S (BIOLOGY )
GORDON ZINAIDA V (DOCTOR)
GVOZDIKOVA Z M (CANDIDATE)
1975
.
30 March 1978

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
.
FIRST MOSCOW MEDICAL INST IMENI SECHENOV
ANOKHIN PETR KUZMICH (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1974
INST OF OCEANOLOGY
MIKAHL 'TSEV IGOR
TSNII OF HEALTH RESORT SCIENCE AND PHYSIOTHERAPY
DOLINA L A
1969
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KITSOVSKAYA I A (CANDIDATE)
1968
ASABAYEV CH A (CANDIDATE)
1971
LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
GULYAYEV PAVEL I (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1973
GRANOVSKAYA R M
1975
GORODETSKAYA S F
1971
PAVLENKO V K
1970
OSTROUMOV G A
1968
SHLIPPENBAKH I YA
1973
INST OF PHYSIOLOGY IMENI I. P. PAVLOVA
1975
PETROV F P
1952
LENINGRAD INST OF AVIATION INSTRUMENT PRODUCTION (LIAP)
1974
BRAIN INST IMENI BEKHTEREVA
1973
BARANOVSKAYA O P
1961
SVYADOSHCH A M (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1974
LENINGRAD SANITARY-HYGIENE MEDICAL INST
PLOTNIKOV V G
1976
TARASOVA G H
1976
SOLOV'YEV A V
1976
PLOTNIKOVA L B
1976
YAKOVLEVA M I
1976
SKOROBOGATOVA A M
1976
KIEV
INST OF CYBERNETICS
LIKACHEV A I (CANDIDATE)
1975
IVANOV-MUROMSKIY K A
1972
INST OF PSYCHOLOGY
LEONTOVICH ALEKSANDR VASIL'YEVICH (DOCTOR ACADEMICIAN)
INST OF CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY
1948
PODSHIBYAKIN A K (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
1965
KIEV INST OF GENERAL AND COMMUNAL HYGIENE
1972
SERDYUK A M
1975
91
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
.,
.
-
YERSHOVA L K (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1
MANOYLOV V YE
GULYAYEV PAVEL I (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
GRANOVSKAYA R M

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
.
UNCLASSIFIED
30 March 1978
FACILITY UNKNOWN
.
GRISHKO F I (CANDIDATE)
DUMANSKIY YU D (DOCTOR)
1959
1970
TASHKENT
TASHKENT STATE MEDICAL INST
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
KRASNOYARSK
FACILITY UNKNOWN
BAN' KOV V I (CANDIDATE)
1974
TOMSK
TOMSK POLITECHNICAL INST
DENISOV V N (CANDIDATE)
1970
PLEKHANOV G F (CANDIDATE).
1968
KHARKHOV
FACILITY UNKNOWN
DANILEVSKIY V YA
1924
KISHINEV
INST OF ZOOLOGY
FEDORENKO N YE
1966
MARITS A M
1966
ALMA ATA
KAZAKH STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI KIROV
INYUSHIN VIKTOR MIKHAILOVICH (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1977
KIREYEVA L A
1976
CHEKUROV PETR ROMANOVICH
1975
OSTRYANIN V I
1969
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
VOROBYEV N A
1969
TBLISI
INST OF CYBERNETICS
KHVEDELIDZE MORIS ARSENT'YEVICH (DOCTOR PHSY/MATH)
1967
APRIDONIDZE V
1967
SOKOLOVA M
1967
92
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
.

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
NOVOSIBIRSK
INST OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
SHAKIROVA T M
1973 .
NOVOSIBIRSK STATE MEDICAL INST
PROSKURYAKOV S A (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1971
PUSHCHINO
INST OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS
KAYUSHIN L P (DOCTOR BIO-PHYSICS)
LIVANOV MIKHAIL NIKOLAYEVICH (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN) 1975
GOR' KIY
GOR' KIY STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI LOBACHEVSKIY
PODLIPALIN YU D
1971
NII OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND CYBERNETICS
PODLIPALIN YU D
1971
KARAGANDA
KARAGANDA MEDICAL INST
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
KARAGANDA STATE UNIVERSITY
SVYADOSHCH A M (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1974
MINSK
INST OF GENETICS' AND CYTOLOGY
KULIN YE T
1973
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
INST OF THE BIOLOGY OF RESERVOIRS
KRAYÜKHIN B V (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1975
VNII OF GEOPHYSICS
1975
CHELKOVA Z
1971
BRODOVSKAYA
1971
ACHKASOVA YU N
1971
VINOGRADOV S A
1971
TEMUR'YANTS N A
1971
VOLYNSKIY A M
1973
ROZENBERG V D
1971
FACILITY UNKNOWN
GURSHTEYN T V
1958
MOTOV A
1964
KOSTYUK A YU
1964
93
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
..
KAMENSKIY YURIY I (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
CRIMEAN MEDICAL INST

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
.
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
ARKAD'YEV V K
1924
ANTIMONIY G D (CANDIDATE)
1974
MIRUTENKO V I
1972
MIKHAILOVA- LURASHEVA V D
1974
BOYTKO V I
1964
BOGACH P G
1972
KHRUSHCHEV V A
1973
MISHIN V V
1964
BELOKRINITSKIY
1971
NEFEDOV YU YA
1964
KORYTNYY D L
1967
BUT V I
1967
LEVITINA N A
1964
CHIRKOV M M
1964
LERMANTOV V V
1926
DOLGIY N L
1972
KAZHINSKIY BERNARD BERNARDOVICH (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1963
MIGACHEVA A F
1969
SHUYSKAYA B Z
1970
ZHUKOV YU A
1964
SYNGAYEVSKAYA V A
1969
SEMENOV A N
1969
ZHORZHOLIANI B
1967
TURLYGIN S YA (CANDIDATE PROFESSOR)
1943
VENGER T F
1968
SMIRNOVA YE P
1967
POPOV F G
1964
SALEY A P
1964
SKRITSKIY N A
1926
SKRIPAL'A V
1974
SHMELEV V P
1964
OLOMOUC
CENTER FOR CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
JURYSEK OLDRICH (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
ZERT VLASTOMIL
1977
POLAND
NATIONAL RESEARCH INST OF MOTHER AND CHILD
CZERSKI PREMISLAV
WARSAW
POLISH CYBERNETIC ASSOCIATION
MANCZARSKIY STEFAN A (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH PROFESSOR)
1977
--
94
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
BUDKO L N

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
TIMISOARA
CENTER OF HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
MACO L YA
1976
HELIOBIOLOGY
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
CIMI:RNYSHEV V B (CANDIDATE ENTOMOLOGY)
1974
INST OF MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
AGADEHANYAN NIKOLAY ALEKSANDROVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE
PROFESSOR)
19.5
INST OF EARTH SCIENCES
DOBROV. ALEKSANDR P (DOCTOR BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
ALI -UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
1972
SAL'NIKOV S N ( CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1965
PODSHIBYAKIN A K ( DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
1965
INST OF PHYSICS OF THE EARTH
19.4
MOSCOW AVIATION INST
EIGEL' FELIKS U (DOCTOR ASTRONOMY)
1967
INST OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KISLOVODSKIY L D
1971
FACILITY UNKNOWN
CHICHEVSKIY ALEKSANDR LEONIDOVICH (DOCTOR PROFESSOR)
1964
KORCHUYEV P A ( DOCTOR ACADEMICIAN)
1969
SHISHINA YULIYA GRIGOR'YEVNA (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY )
1973
LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
SERGEYEV GENNADIY ALEKSANDROVICH (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH)
1977
MILITARY -MEDICAL ACADEMY IMENI KIROV
INDEYKIN YE N
1971
CHOKHOV V P
1971
INST OF MEDICAL - BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
1975
RASHKOVICH L L
1964
RYVKINA F Z
1965
RYVKIN B Z
1975
VITELS L A (ASTRONOMY )
1975
ARCTIC AND ACTARCTIC NII
1971
-
95
UNCLASSIFIED
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KARACHAYEVA S A (ASTRONOMY )
OL'AI
TRESMAN ALEKSANDR SAMUILOVICH (CANDIDATE BIOLOGY )
TROITSKAYA VALERIYA ALEKSEYEVNA

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
KIEV
INST OF CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY
PODSHIBYAKIN A K (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
1975
PODSHIPYAKINA L I
1965
SVERDLOVSK
SVERDLOVSK MEDICAL INST
NOVIKOVA K F (ASTRONOMY)
1971
RYVKIN B A
1975
RYVKINA F Z
1965
TOKAREVA N V
1971
NII OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL MEDICINE
LAUTSEVICHUS L Z
1971
YUS .! ENAYTYE YA P
1971
INST OF PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS
BLINSTRUBAS S 1
1971
CHITA
CHITA MEDICAL INST
BORISOV V K
1963
KOZLOV V A
1963
KOKHANSKIY V V
1963
PRISTAY YA P
1963
TOMSK
TOMSK POLITECHNICAL INST
OPALINSKAYA A N
1969
TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY
MAKSIMOV A A (DOCTOR ZOOLOGY)
1971
LAVROVSKIY A A (DOCTOR)
1971
TOMSK MEDICAL INST
DESYATOV V P (ASTRONOMY )
1971
NAGORSKIY P M
1935
ASHKHABAD
TURKMEN REPUBLIC NI STATION FOR PLANT PROTECTION
CHERNYSHEV V B (CANDIDATE ENTOMOLOGY)
1974
ASHKHABAD NII EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HYGIENE
GERING-GALAKTIONOVA I V (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
'UPRIYANOV S N (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
URKMEN MEDICAL INST
ERING-GALAKTIONOVA I V (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
JPRIYANOV S N (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
-
96
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
:
1
1
TURKMEN NII OF ROENTGENOLOGY, RADIOLOGY AND . ONCOLOGY
GERING-GALAKTIONOVA I V (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
KUPRIYANOV S N (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
ALMA ATA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
DUBYANSKIY M A
1976
DUBYANSKAYA L D
1976
BOGATYREV S K
1976
TITOV L V
1976
KISLOVODSK
PUL' KOVO OBSERVATORY
GNEVYSHEV M N (CANDIDATE ASTRONOMY)
1971
NOVOSIBIRSK
BIOLOGICAL INST
MAKSIMOV A A (DOCTOR ZOOLOGY)
1971
SIBERIAN ENERGETICS INST
ALEKSANDROV YU V
1967
DRUZHININ I P
1966
KONOVALENKO = P
1966
..
YAGODINSKIY VIKTOR N
1969
MINSK
INST OF BIOPHYSICS
OSIPOV A I
1971
STAVROPOL'
STAVROPOL'STATE MEDICAL INST
ALABOVSKIY YU I
1971
BABENKO A .V
1971
FACILITY UNKNOWN
MALIKOV B CH
1968
KALININGRAD
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KHODORKOVSKIY V A
1971
GLEYZER S I (CANDIDATE)
1972
.
1
97
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
IRKUTSK
INST OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM, IONOSPHERE, AND RADIO WAVE
PROPAGATION
BEN' KOVA N P (CANDIDATE PROFESSOR)
1973
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PLATONOVA A I (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1971
KALININ
KALININ MEDICAL INST
PAZYUK V A
1971
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
INST FOR PROGRESS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
SAL'NIKOV S N (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1965
CRIMEAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY
1971
CRIMEAN MEDICAL INST
1971
CHELKOVA Z
1971
BRODOVSKAYA
1971
VOLYNSKIY A M
1973
TEMUR'YANTS N A
1971
VINOGRADOV S A
1971
ROZENBERG V D
1971
FACILITY UNKNOWN
ISHAKOV V P
1972
DRAGAN YA P
1974
GOLOVANOV L V
1976
SOSUNOV A V
1966
SHCHERBINOVSKIY N S
1964
KUKSENKO V I
1974
TSIMAKHOVICH N P
1967
SHUSHAKOV A P
1966
PANOV T I
1966
SHUL'TS N A (CANDIDATE)
1964
PARKULAB L V (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1970
VOYCHISHIN K S
1974
ROZHDESTVENSKAYA YE B (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1971
NEYMAN B A
1969
PRAGUE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PATROVSKY VENCESLAV (CANDIDATE ENGINEERING)
1977
98
HINNI ACCICIEN
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
1
VLADIMIRSKIY B M
ACHKASOVA YU N

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
.
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
-
BUDAPEST
FACILITY UNKNOWN
BALOUGH BARNA (CANDIDATE)
1976
AUTOGENIC TRAINING/BIOFEEDBACK
MOSCOW
INST OF PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION
BONGARD M M (CANDIDATE PHYS/MATH)
1971
INST OF NEUROLOGY
ROZHNOV VLADIMIR YEVGEN'YEVICH (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY )
1974
SLUTSKIY A S
1974
INST OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
DOBROVICH A B (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1970
INST OF PHYSICAL CULTURE
DASHKEVICH O V
1968
CHERNIKOVA O A
1971
INST OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
1973
YERSHOV P M
1964
VALUYEVA MIN
1968
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
RAYKOV VLADIMIR A (CANDIDATE PSYCH/ PEDAGOGY)
1971
INST OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY
1972
TISHCHENKO M I (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1967
MOSCOW NII OF PSYCHIATRY
LEVI V L (PSYCH/ PEDAGOGY )
1970
FIRST MOSCOW MEDICAL INST IMENI SECHENOV
LEVI V L (PSYCH/ PEDAGOGY )
1970
NVII HYDROLOGY AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
MATVEYEY VALERIY SERGEYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1976
SOCHEVANOV NIKOLAY NIKOLAYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1976
VNII OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS
SOCHEVANOV NIKOLAY NIKOLAYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1976
INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMISION FOR THE BIOPHYSICAL EFFECT
SOCHEVANOV NIKOLAY NIKOLAYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
FACILITY UNKNOWN
1976
BORTNIK T L (PSYCH/ PEDAGOGY )
1972
I
99
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
M.ST.
SIMONOV PAVEL VASIL'YEVISH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
KOSMOLINSKIY F P

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
..
DST-1810S-202-78
UNCLASSIFIED
30 March 1978
LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
MARISHCHUK V L (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY )
1974
MILITARY-MEDICAL ACADEMY IMENI KIROV
LOBZIN V S (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1974
ALEKSEYEV A V (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1974
KULAGIN YU M (MEDICINE)
1969
INST OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
BEKHTEREVA N P (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1975
LENINGRAD NI PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL INST IMENT BEKHTEREV
1974
KOPYLOVA I K
1974
MAZHBITZ A A
1968
LENINGRAD INST OF AVIATION INSTRUMENT PRODUCTION (LIAP)
1972
BRAIN INST IMENI BEKHTEREVA
BARANOVSKAYA O P
1961
SVYADOSHCH A M (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1974
VNII OF PULMONOLOGY
TISHCHENKO M I (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1967
FACILITY UNKNOWN
BUL'PAVEL I (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY PROFESSOR)
1974
KIEV
FACILITY UNKNOWN
BOYIKO V I
1976
PTITSA A G
1976
TASHKENT
TASHKENT STATE MEDICAL INST
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
KHARKHOV
.
KHARKHOV NII OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHATRY
KATALEVSKAYA L G
1974
KOBZAR A D
1974
MIROVSKIY K I (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1974
SOLYANIK V L
1974
SHOGAN A N (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1968
SUKHORUKOV B I
1974
FACILITY UNKNOWN
1976
IL' INSKAYA L S
1970
IL'INSKIY A P
100
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
BEL'YAYEV G S (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
GUREVICH G I (DOCTOR PROFESSOR)

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
0
ALMA ATA
KAZAKH STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI KIROV
INYUSHIN VIKTOR MIKHAILOVICH (DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1977
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH
(DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
NOVOSIBIRSK
NOVOSIBIRSK MEDICAL INST OF AUTOMATION AND ELECTROMETRY
BUTEYKO (CANDIDATE)
1969
VORONEZH
VORONEZH STATE UNIVERSITY
LAKOMKIN A I (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1974
MYAGKOV I F (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY PROFESSOR)
1974
VORONEZH MEDICAL INST
SKRIPACHENKO T A
1968
SHESTAKOV B I
1968
KARAGANDA
KARAGANDA MEDICAL INST
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
KARAGANDA STATE UNIVERSITY
SVYADOSHCH A M (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1974
TALINN
FACILITY UNKNOWN
ÖKK A A
1975
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
...
FACILITY UNKNOWN
GLISSEN L D
1969
ILYUTKIN GN
1970
KAREV A V
1970
KHRUSHCHEV V A
1973
ALLIK T A
1969
LEBEDEV V
1969
BIRGIN S K
1967
SLOBODYANIK A P
1966
VISH I M ( PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1974
MOKIYEVSKIY A D
1968
SOLOV'YEV N A
TARTU
FACILITY UNKNOWN
VIRU A A (PHYSIOLOGY PROFESSOR)
1975
101
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
POLAND
FACILITY UNKNOWN
DASHKEVICH O V
1968
SOFIA
INST OF SUGGESTOLOGY
LOZANOV GEORGIY K (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1976
UNKNOWN LOCATION, HUNGARY
COLLEGE FOR THERAPEUTIC PEDAGOGY
ILLYES SANDOR
1974
KIRLIAN PHOTOGRAPHY
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
SHESTERIN F S
1969
TAMBIEV A KH
1969
TELITCHENKO M M
1969
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
NAUMOV EDUARD K
1977
NII OF INTROSCOPY
ADAMENKO VIKTOR GRIGOR'YEVICH (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
ZHARYY YE V
1973
ALL-UNION EVENING INST OF MACHINE BUILDING
NAUMOV EDUARD K
1977
MOSCOW INST OF RADIO PHYSICS AND BIOENERGETICS
ADAMENKO VIKTOR GRIGOR'YEVICH (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
CENTRAL CONTROL INST FOR MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
IMENI TARASEVI
NAUMOV EDUARD K
1977
FACILITY UNKNOWN
VINOGRADOVA ALLA M (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1973
LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
GEYKIN MIKHAIL K (CANDIDATE MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1968
FRANTOV G S
1
1974
MIKHALEVSKIY V I (ENGINEERING)
1969
4
102
UNCLASSIFIED
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-
.

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
0
TASHKENT
TASHKENT STATE MEDICAL INST
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
ASTRAKHAN
ASTRAKHAN MEDICAL INST
FEDOROVA N N (CANDIDATE BIOLOGY)
1969
KISHINEV
KISHINEV INST IMENI M. F. FRUNZE
CHACHULAN V I
1964
BRIK P L
1964
LYSIKOV V KH
1964
KRUPENIN K I
1964
ALMA ATA
KAZAKH STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI KIROV
CHEKUROV PETR ROMANOVICH
1975
DOKTOROVICH VALERIY A
1973
GIBADULLIN F F
1969
INYUSHIN VIKTOR MIKHAILOVICH ( DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1977
GRISHCHENKO V S
1968
BORKHSENIUS V S
1974
STEPANOV R S (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1969
MULATOV A K
1969
KIREYEVA L A
1.976
SHUYSKIY N YA
1968
KIRLIAN VALENTINA KHRISANFOVNA
1973
KIRLIAN SEMEN DAVIDOVICH
1977
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
VOROBYEV N A
1969
·
KRASNODAR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KIRLIAN SEMEN DAVIDOVICH
1977
KIRLIAN VALENTINA KHRISANFOVNA
1973
KARAGANDA
KARAGANDA MEDICAL INST
ROMEN ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICY (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
)
103
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
i
1
.

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
TALINN
TALLIN POLITECHNICAL INST
HALDRE HELDUR HANS (BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
AMOS ANDRES
1977
NIGESON KERSTI
(ART)
1977
FACILITY UNKNOWN
TIIK HEINO (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
UNKNOWN LOCATION USSR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
AUBAKOV A F (CANDIDATE CRIMINOLOGY)
LOZNOVSKIY YU YA
1971
MIKHALEVSKAYA K N (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
PRAGUE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
MALINSKIY KAREL (CANDIDATE ENGINEERING)
1977
REJDAK ZDENEK (CANDIDATE SOCIOLOGY)
1975
WARSAW
POLISH CYBERNETIC ASSOCIATION
STEFANSKIY LECH EMFAZY
1977
SOFIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
SMILOV ATHANAS
1977
BUCHAREST
LABOR PROTECTION AND HYGIENE CENTER
BOLINTINEANN C
1977
BIBIS M (CHEMISTRY)
1977
DUMITRESCU IOAN FLORIN (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
CONSTANTINESCU G (ENGINEERING)
1977
MAMULAS I (PHYS/MATH)
1977
MODREANU M ( PHYS/MATH)
1977
VASILESCU ILIE-PUIU (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY )
1977
VASILESCU MARIUS SORIN
1977
I.P. I.U.
NICULESCU V (ENGINEERING)
1977
104
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
VICTOR BABES INSTITUTE
GUJA CORNELIA (BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
SAHLEANU V (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
UNKNOWN LOCATION, ROMANIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
HERIVAN RELA
PORTOCALA RADU
1975
1975
(ELECTRO) BIOLUMINESCENCE
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
IVANOV I N
1967
PETRUSEVICH YU M
1975
TARUSOV BORIS NIKOLAYEVICH (DOCTOR BIO-PHYSICS PROFESSOR)
1975
TAMBIEV A KH
1969
INST OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
ROZINSKAYA VALERIYA (ASPIRANT MEDICINE)
1976
VASIL'YEV ROSTISLAV (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH)
1976
VNII FOR SANITARIUM TREATMENT AND PHYSIOTHERAPY (VNIJSTP)
BONDAREV I M
1973
PERELMAN M I
1973
MITROFANOV A I
1973
SHPOLYANSKAYA A M
1973
ZHURAVLEV A I
1973
TUBERCULOSIS NII
BONDAREV I M
1973
PERELMAN M I
1973
SHPOLYANSKAYA A M
1973
MITROFANOV A I
1973
ZHURAVLEV A I
1973
VNII OF THE CANNING AND VEGETABLE-DRYING INDUSTRY
TARUSOV BORIS NIKOLAYEVICH (DOCTOR BIO-PHYSICS PROFESSOR)
1973
VNII OF THE CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS FOR PLANT PROTECTION
SHCHEGLOV YU V
1974
CENTRAL CONTROL INST FOR MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PREPARATION IMENI
TARASEVICH
PETUKHOV VALERIY GEORGIYEVICH
(DOCTOR BIOLOGY)
1977
ECHNIADZIN
NII OF AGRICULTURE
AVAKYAN TS M
1966
ADZHYAN N S
1966
1
105
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
ASTRAKHAN
ASTRAKHAN MEDICAL INST
FEDOROVA N N (CANDIDATE BIOLOGY)
1969
ALMA ATA
KAZAKH STATE UNIVERSITY IMENI KIROV
KIREYEVA L A
1976
KRASNODAR
VNII OF RICE
SHCHEGLOV YU V
1974
NOVOSIBIRSK
INST OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
SHCHURIN SIMON (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1973
SUBBOTIN M YA
1971
SHUYSKAYA B Z
1971
KAZNACHEYEV VLAIL P (DOCTOR MEDICINE ACADEMICIAN)
1973
FACILITY UNKNOWN
IGNATOVICH N V
1973
MIKHAILOVA L P
1973
ZHODINE
BYELORUSSIAN AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY
BUTOV G P
1973
MINSK
INST OF BIOPHYSICS
UNKNOWN RESEARCHERS
GOLITSHINO
VNII OF FITOPATHOLOGY
SHCHEGLOV YU V
1974
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
MAIN BOTANICAL GARDEN
BAYTULIN I O (CANDIDATE BIOLOGY)
1969
INST OF THE PROBLEMS OF ONCOLOGY
1976
FEDOROVA Z P
1976
GITIS YE I
1976
RYABOVA E Z
1976
SERIZ YA I
1976
.
CHEBOTAROV YE YU
106
UNCLASSIFIED
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
. ..
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
FACILITY UNKNOWN
GURVICH ALEKSANDR G
1944
KAMENSKAYA V V
AGAVERDIYEV A SH
1972
MOSOLOV A N
1971
PRAGUE
INST FOR NUCLEAR SCIENCE
KUBAL J (DOCTOR)
1976
BUCHAREST
LABOR PROTECTION AND HYGIENE CENTER
BIBIS M (CHEMISTRY)
1977
DUMITRESCU IOAN FLORIN (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
DELEANU FL (CHEMISTRY)
1977
UNKNOWN LOCATION, ROMANIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
-.....
HYPNOTISM/HYPNOPAEDIA
MOSCOW
INST OF NEUROLOGY
ROZHNOV VLADIMIR YEVGEN 'YEVICH (PSYCH/ PEDAGOGY )
1974
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
RAYKOV VLADIMIR A (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY
1971
VNII HYDROLOGY AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
SOCHEVANOV NIKOLAY NIKOLAYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
VNII OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS
1976
SOCHEVANOV NIKOLAY NIKOLAYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1976
PEDAGOGICAL INST IMENI LENIN
ANGUSHEV GEORGIY (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY )
.
1973
INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMISION FOR THE BIOPHYSICAL EFFECT
1976
SOCHEVANOV NIKOLAY NIKOLAYOVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
FACILITY UNKNOWN
SAMOYLOV GENNADIY A (DOCTOR LAW PROFESSOR)
1973
MONIN ARKADIY I
1967
ZAKHAROV A K (MEDICINE)
1973
LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
107
UNCLASSIFIED
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.
GHEORGHITA FL (ASPIRANT ENGINEERING)
1977
ʻ
-
1971

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
BEKHTEREV V M (DOCTOR BIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1927
BRAIN INST IMENI BEKHTEREVA
SVYADOSHCH A M (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1974
FACILITY UNKNOWN
BUL'PAVEL I (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY PROFESSOR)
1974
KHARKHOV
FACILITY UNKNOWN
DANILESKIY V YA
1924
ODESSA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
IVANOV VSEVOLD
1969
MOGILEVSKIY BORIS
1969
KARAGANDA
KARAGANDA STATE UNIVERSITY
SVYADOSHCH A M (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1974
DONETSK
DONETSK MEDICAL INST
PYATAK O A (PROFESSOR)
1977
LESHCHENKO G YA
1977
SINGACHENKO V V (PROFESSOR)
1977
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PETROV P
1974
SLOBODYANIK A P
1966
VISH I M (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1974
PRAGUE
FACILITY UNKNOWN
MASOPUST VLADIMIR (ASPIRANT)
1971
REJDAK ZDENEK (CANDIDATE SOCIOLOGY)
1975
VALASEK E (ENGINEERING)
1977
TICHA A (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
WARSAW
POLISH CYBERNETIC ASSOCIATION
BERNAT ANNA (CHEMISTRY)
1977
STEFANSKIY LECH EMFAZY
1977
108
UNCLASSIFIED
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
UNCLASSIFIED
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
SOFIA
INST OF SUGGESTOLOGY
LOZANOV GEORGIY K (DOCTOR MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1976
UNKNOWN LOCAITON, BULGARIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
ANGUSHEV GEORGIY (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
1973
UNKNOWN LOCATION, ROMANIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
SZABO LASLO (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
:
ACUPUNCTURE
MOSCOW
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
PODSHIBYAKIN A K (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
1965
NII OF INTROSCOPY
ADAMENKO VIKTOR GRIGOR'YEVICH (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
MOSCOW INST OF RADIO PHYSICS AND BIOENERGETICS
1977
ADAMENKO VIKTOR GRIGOR'YEVICH (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
CENTRAL NII OF REFLEXOTHERAPY
DURINYAN R A (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1977
VNII OF VETERINARY SANTTATION
PYATKIN YEVGENIY MIKHAILOVICH (CANDIDATE VETERINARY MED)
1975
LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
1968
GEYKIN NIKHAIL K (CANDIDATE MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
MIKHALEVSKIY V I (ENGINEERING)
1969
KIEV
INST OF CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY
PODSHIBYAKIN A K (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY)
1965
KIEV INST FOR ADVANCED TRAINING OF PHYSICIANS
BASMANOV SIN
1977
TRESCHINSKIY A I (MEDICINE PROFESSOR)
1977
KHARKHOV
KHARKOV MEDICAL INST
109
UNCLASSIFIED
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1

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/01 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020010-5
DST-1810S-202-78
30 March 1978
UNCLASSIFIED
DUBENKO YE G (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1977
CHELYABINSK
FACILITY UNKNOWN
CHEREDINOV MIN
1973
SHAROV B B
1973
LYSAK D S
1973
SAVINA L V
1973
TALINN
TALINN POLITECHNICAL INST
HALDRE HELDUR HANS ( BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
FACILITY UNKNOWN
TIIK HEINO (CANDIDATE MEDICINE)
1975
UNKNOWN LOCATION USSR
MAIN ADMINISTRATION OF THE INTRODUCTION OF CHEMISTRY INTO
AGRICULTURE
UNKNOWN RESEARCHERS
1976
FACILITY UNKNOWN
KHRUSHCHEV V A
1973
MIGACHEVA A F
1969
PLAKHOTIN M V (VETERINARY MED)
1966
BIORHYTHMS
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
CHERNYSHEV V B (CANDIDATE ENTOMOLOGY )
1974
INST OF MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
AGADEHANYAN NIKOLAY ALEKSANDROVICH (DOCTOR MEDICINE
PROFESSOR)
1975
VNII HYDROLOGY AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
MATVEYEV VALERIY SERGEYEVICH (CANDIDATE GEO SCIENCES)
1976
LENINGRAD
LENINGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
SERGEYEV GENNADIY ALEKSANDROVICH (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH)
1977
ASHKHABAD
TURKMEN REPUBLIC NI STATION FOR PLANT PROTECTION
CHERNYSHEV V B (CANDIDATE ENTOMOLOGY )
110
UNCLASSIFIED
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UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
INST OF PHYSIOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY OF HIGH
MOUNTAIN AREAS
UNKNOWN RESEARCHERS
1975
FACILITY UNKNOWN
ISABAYEVA V A
1975
UNKNOWN LOCATION, CZECHOSLOVAKIA
FACILITY UNKNOWN
YUNASH YE
1972
GRAVITY EFFECTS/BIOGRAVITY
MOSCOW
INST OF EARTH SCIENCES
DUBROV ALEKSANDR P (DOCTOR BIO-PHYSICS)
1977
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
BUNIN V A (PHYS/MATH)
1973
TRINCHER KARL SIGMUNDOVICH (CANDIDATE BIO-PHYSICS)
1973
C
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ANNEX C
JOURNALISTS WHO HAVE REPORTED ON PARAPHYSICS (U)
(U) One of the problems of doing research into the personalities involved in paraphysics is
recognizing cases where the author of an article on the field is not himself a researcher. The problem is
particularly acute in a field like paraphysics, in which a large number of articles appear in the popular
press. The following persons have written articles on paraphysics research, but appear not to be
researchers themselves:
JOURNALIST
Popovkin. Viktor
Engineering
1968
Guberman, I.
1968
Kongro, Anatoliy
1972
Moralevich, Yu.
1968
Bashkirova, G.
1969
Simurov. A.
1969
Voskresenskava. N.
1966
Tobolev. V.
1966
Volodin. B.
1969
.
1
1
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ANNEX D
ANTI- PARAPHYSICS WRITERS
.
MOSCOW
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
KOLMOGOROV A N (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH ACADEMICIAN)
1962
VORONIN LEONID GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY
ACADEMICIAN)
1976
ALL-UNION TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
KLYATSKIN ISAY GERTOSOVICH (DOCTOR ENGINEERING PROFESSOR)
MOSCOW NII OF PSYCHIATRY
SNEZHNEVSKIY A V (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1967
VNII HYDROLOGY AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
MATVEYEV V S (PSYCH/PEDAGOGY )
1969
LENINGRAD
INST OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
BIRYUKOV D A (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1969
BEKHTEREVA N P (DOCTOR PHYSIOLOGY ACADEMICIAN)
1975
BRAIN INST IMENI BEKHTEREVA
BLEYKHER V M
19.72
FIRST LENINGRAD MEDICAL INST IMENI PAVLOVA
LEBEDEV B A (CANDIDATE PSYCH/PEDAGOGY)
FACILITY UNKNOWN
1964
L'VOV VLADIMIR
1973
PUSHCHINO
INST OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS
VORONIN LEONID GRIGOR'YEVICH (DOCTOR PSYCH/PEDAGOGY
1976
ACADEMICIAN)
UNKNOWN LOCATION, USSR
FACILITY UNKNOWN
PODACHIN V (DOCTOR MEDICINE)
1973
SHAKHNOVICH M I (CANDIDATE PROFESSOR)
1969
KRAYZMER L P (PHYS/MATH)
1973
DZHAVADYAN N (CANDIDATE PROFESSOR)
1961
KITAYGORODSKIY ALEKSANDR I (DOCTOR PHYS/MATH PROFESSOR)
1967
OPARIN A P (DOCTOR ACADEMICIAN)
1969
VOLODIN B
1969
--
.
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APPENDIX II
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES-SELECTED PERSONALITIES (U)
(U) Certain persons have occupied places in the recent history of paraphysics in the Warsaw Pact
countries that demand they be given special attention. This appendix outlines the professional
credentials and institutional affiliations of some of these persons, as an aid to the reader in assigning
the appropriate significance to them.
(U) Those persons selected have been chosen for a variety of reasons. Four (Leont'yev, Lomov,
Luriya, and Zinchenko) are coauthors of an article in Voprosy Filosofü which lends the weight of their
prestige to certain forms of paraphysics research. Two (Kogan and Sergeyev) are included because of
the highly significant nature of their paraphysics research and the influence they have had on other
researchers. Two (Naumov and Rejdak) are included because of their high visibility in the paraphysics
community, although in both cases their research is of questionable significance. Finally, Petukhov is
now best known as the scientist who was involved in the incident with Los Angeles Time reporter
Robert Toth in June 1977.
(U) In the Soviet Union, the Doctor (Doktor) degree is a post-Ph.D. degree given to mature
scientists who have made substantial contributions to their field. Only about one tenth of all Ph.D.
scientists in the Soviet Union are granted this degree, and it is an excellent indicator of the prestige of
a scientist. All of the Soviet scientists listed in this appendix (except Naumov) possess this degree.
1.
Ippolit Moyseyevich Kogan (U)
(U) Doctor of Technical Sciences (Radiotechnology)
Professor, Moscow. Higher Technical School (MVTU) imeni
Bauman, Department of Radiotechnology
Nonstaff editor at All-Union Institute of Scientific
and Technical Information, Department of Automation and
Radiotechnology
Director, Bioinformation Section, All-Union Technical
Society of Radio Technology and Communications
imeni A. S. Popov since its founding in 1965
Numerous technical publications in radio theory and
radar from 1958 to 1973
2.
Aleksev Nikolayevich Leonť'yev (U)
(U) Born 1903, Moscow
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (Psychology)
Member, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, RSFSR
Member, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, USSR
Member, Communist Party of the USSR since 1948
Professor, Moscow State University, Faculty of the
Philosophy of Psychology
Senior Scientific Staff Member, Institute of
Psychology, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, Moscow
Lenin Prize Winner
Order of Lenin Winner
Numerous technical publications in brain functioning
and engineering psychology since 1928
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3. Boris Fedorovich Lomov (U)
(U) Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (Psychology)
Corresponding Member, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, USSR
Member, Academy of Psychological Sciences, USSR
Head, Department of Engineering Psychology and Biotechnology,
Leningrad State University until 1972
Director, Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences, USSR
since its founding in 1972
Numerous technical papers on thought processes and
engineering psychology since at least 1959
4. Aleksandr Romanovich Luriya (U)
-
(U) Born 1902, Kazan, died 14 August 1977
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (Psychology)
Professor, Moscow State University, Chair of
Neuropsychology, since 1945
Member, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, RSFSR
Member, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, USSR
International Corresponding Member, National
Academy of Sciences, USA
Order of Lenin Winner
Numerous books and technical articles on the
physiological activity of the brain since 1927
5. Eduard K. Naumov (U)
(U) Expelled from the Moscow Institute of Physical
Culture for nonachievement; does not possess
a legitimate academic degree
Worked with L. L. Vasil'yev from 1959 to 1962
President of a parapsychology group attached to the
Technical Section, Soviet Societies of Friendship
and Cultural Relations with Foreign Cultures,
1962-1968
Deputy Director, Bioinformation Section, All-Union
Technical Society of Radio Technology and
Communications imeni A. S. Popov, 1965-1966
Head, Section of Technical Parapsychology attached to
the All-Union Evening Institute of Machinebuilding,
1966-1974
Arrested and jailed late 1974, released 1976
Laboratory technician, Central Control Institute for
Medical-Biological Preparations imeni Tarasevich,
Moscow, 1976-1977
All positions above other than the last were nonpaying.
For several years made his living
entirely from proceeds gleaned from giving
parapsychology lectures in the USSR
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6. Valeriy G. Petukhov (U)
(U) Doctor of Biological Sciences (1974)
Chief, Laboratory for Studying Biochemical and Immunological
Methods of Standardization and Control of
Medical-Biological Preparations, Central Control
Institute for Medical-Biological Preparations
imeni Tarasevich (E. K. Naumov's supervisor)
Numerous publications in the field of microbiology and
bioluminescence from 1965. Dissertation Topic:
"Research on Bacteria in a Standard Environment and
in Low Temperatures and Lyophilozation by Luminescent
Methods"
7. Zdenek Rejdak (U)
(U) Born 1934
Graduated from Charles University, Prague, with
degree in literature
Doctor (Social Psychology and Philosophy), 1967
President, International Association for Psychotronic
Research
8.
Gennadiy Aleksandrovich Sergeyev (U)
(U) Doctor of Technical Sciences (Mathematics/Biophysics)
Senior Scientific Staff Member, Institute of Physiology
imeni A. A. Ukhtomskiy, Leningrad
Chief, Technical Parapsychology Section, All-Union
Precision Instruments Society imeni Vavilov
Chairman, Committee for Atmospheric Environmental
Protection of the Leningrad Oblast' Council of
Scientific and Technical Societies
Numerous technical publications in electronic data
processing techniques and noncontact remote
sensing devices
9. Vladimir Petrovich Zinchenko (U)
(U) Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (Psychology) (1966)
Professor, Moscow State University, Faculty of
Psychology, Section on Industrial Psychology and
Labor Factors
Laboratory Chief, All-Union Scientific Research Institute
of Technical Aesthetics
Member, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, USSR
Member, Academy of Psychological Sciences, USSR
Numerous publications in the field of engineering
psychology and perceptual processes. Dissertation
Topic: "Perception and Action"
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10. Yuriy Vasilyevich Gulyayev (U)
(C) Born 1935, Tomilino, RSFSR
Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences
Professor at the Moscow Physical Technical Institute
Joined IRE, the Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics
(IRE), in 1959; successively held the positions of section head
in the solid state physics group (1968), senior scientific associate
(1970), and deputy head of the Semiconductor Division (1970-1973);
currently the institute's Deputy Director
Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Science since 1979
An outstanding and respected theorist in solid state physics,
particularly interested in bulk and surface semiconductor wave
propagation. Currently emphasizing the development of semiconductor
lasers at IRE.
Well traveled, spent 11 months at the University of Manchester in the
UK and attended scientific conferences in Japan, UK, and US.
..
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APPENDIX III
METHODOLOGICAL AND DATA CONSIDERATIONS (U)
(U) Although this study has been careful to indicate the appropriate qualifiers for data or
conclusions presented, the controversial nature of the subject matter makes it desirable to expand on
methodological considerations which affect the conclusions. In many cases, data exist to support
viewpoints different from those endorsed by this study. The analysts have had to make informed
choices on the basis of the best information available. Although it is believed that the judgments made
reflect the best possible assessment of currently available data, it should be borne in mind that other
informed judgments are both possible and defensible on the basis of current knowledge. It is the
purpose of this appendix to provide the interested reader with some additional material upon which to
make an assessment of the current state of knowledge on paraphysics research in the Warsaw Pact
countries.
(U) The vast majority (80-90%) of all material used in the preparation of this study comes from
unclassified, open source documents. Paraphysics researchers, like scientists in other fields, are
anxious to publish their research results and avidly follow the popular and professional press for
reports on the work of others. Accordingly, there is a wealth of documentation available in the
journals. Certainly there are a number of problems with such data. There is, for instance, no journal in
the Soviet Union which is devoted to any aspect of paraphysics research (or to paraphysics as a whole).
Consequently, paraphysicists must seek publication through either professional journals normally
devoted to other aspects of the sciences or through the popular press. Each such course has its rewards
and dangers.
(U) Publication in professional journals, while preferable from a scientific standpoint, is not
always easy to achieve. No paraphysics subject fits neatly into the charter of any of the established
sciences, and it is only with some terminological juggling that inclusion of a paraphysics paper can be
justified in a journal nominally devoted to another science. Such compromises can be achieved, of
course (I. M. Kogan's information-theoretic approaches to telepathy, as carried in Radiotekhnika,
being an excellent example). However, each such case must at the outset face a challenge to its
relevance to the aims of the journal, in addition to the usual tests of scientific significance. Given the
opposition to paraphysics which still exists within much of the Soviet scientific establishment, there is
an understandable tendency among editors to avoid controversy by arguing that a paraphysics paper
might more easily fit within the charter of someone else's journal.
(U) There seem to be no such constraints with respect to the popular press. Paraphysics touches
on areas that are of high interest to the public. At least during those periods for which there is no
severe repression of such articles by the government (which is most of the post-1959 period), the
popular press seems quite willing to report on paraphysics activities. However, such access carries
large dangers with it. For even the most responsible of popular journals, any article must be written so
as to be of interest to a wide, general readership. This requirement generally mandates exclusion of
methodological details and qualification to the results which are of crucial importance in a scientific
evaluation of the research. And, as noted earlier in this study, by no means all the journalists in the
Soviet Union can avoid the temptation to exaggerate and sensationalize the claims or results of the
researcher; many have been known to imply that there are associations to popular mythology in some
research results. This cannot but be full of danger for the reputation and career of any professional.
Just as the National Enquirer is not normally the publication medium of choice for serious scientists
in the US, so also the more sensational journals to which they have the casiest access are not normally
sought out by most serious paraphysics scientists in the Warsaw Pact.
Classified By: Director. DIA/DT
Exempt from General Declassification
Schedule of Executive Order 11652
Exemption Category 2. 3, 4
Declassify Upon Notification by the Originator
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(U) As a result of the above, much of the research in the Soviet Union and elsewhere in the
Warsaw Pact is not reported in detail, or is reported in a manner which makes scientific analysis of its
merit difficult. It is also probable that some research in paraphysics is undertaken at government
institutes under military or KGB sponsorship; clearly little, if any, of that research would normally be
reported in the open press.
(U) Even with the above problems in exploitation of the open literature, there are substantial
amounts of knowledge that can be achieved. Generally, the research strategy that has been used within
this field has been along the lines of a search for names associated with paraphysics topics in both the
popular and professional press. As a starting point, collections of paraphysics titles were used. The
most productive of such sources is the Bibliography on Parapsychology (Psychoenergetics) and Related
Subjects, by E. K. Naumov and L. V. Vilenskaya .* With this beginning, original copies of the more
interesting documents were ordered, and other papers by the same authors were located. Using
coauthor associations and the bibliographies normally attached to the technical papers, it was possible
both to expand the number of persons who were known to be writing in the field and to discover the
institutional affiliation, research area, and academic background of many of the persons so identified.
(U) The above strategy has identified hundreds of papers which relate directly to paraphysics and
hundreds of other papers in the more established sciences by the same authors. The identification and
acquisition process is a lengthy one, compounded by the requirement to translate the more interesting
papers received for content evaluation. The process is further lengthened by the fact that most papers,
when received, give leads to additional works. Those papers available for full review by the analysts
amounted to only about 30% of the known total as of the information cutoff date for this study, and it
can reasonably be anticipated that further research will uncover a substantial addition to the known
number of papers available in the area.
(U) Obviously, there is considerable latitude for improvement in the body of knowledge available
on Warsaw Pact paraphysics research. In many cases, all that is presently known about a researcher is
the name and the date and title of a publication. While this gives some valuable information and
allows a starting point to search for more data, it clearly leaves a lot to be desired as a basis for
evaluation of the state-of-the-art in paraphysics research. Subsequent editions of this study should be
in a much improved position to make a complete evaluation.
(S) If there are problems in evaluating open source literature (professional reticence, editorial
policy, sensationalism, censorship, etc.), there are equally problems with the classified data base. Here
the body of knowledge is not large. Paraphysics is not a subject high in the priorities of interviewing
case officers, nor is it often brought up by a potential source who wishes to keep his professional
credentials intact. Consequently, the number of intelligence reports from emigres which deal with
paraphysics topics is quite small.
(S) Regrettably, it appears rare that an emigre from the Soviet Union is able to present a
balanced, unbiased account of his experiences in paraphysics research in the Soviet Union. Those that
will discuss it at all tend to extreme positions, for a variety of reasons: opportunism, religion, desire to
portray a particular picture of their departed homeland, or an abundance of enthusiasm for (or
against) the subject unfettered by much independent judgment. There is a strong and persistent
tendency (probably justified by the life experiences of the average emigre) to simplify the motivations
perceived by researchers to the most obvious, or sinister. The KGB, or military, play a large role in
these stories, often in situations which are likely to be explainable on other grounds entirely. The
situation is further compounded by the fact that many of these reports have come through a single
contractor source, who, it appears, has preconceptions of his own which are selectively emphasized in
the interviews with original sources. The resultant reports tend to bear the stamp of those
preconceptions.
*(U) JPRS 55557, 28 March 1972. Bibliography compiled in 1971 by the authors.
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(S) These tendencies are extremely difficult to deal with. There is unquestionably a considerable
amount of valuable material in the classified data base, which must be integrated into any balanced
appraisal of paraphysics research in the Warsaw Pact countries. However, the classified material is as
much subject to the ills of incomplete information, exaggeration, bias, and sensationalism as is the
unclassified material. The problem is to separate the valid from the distortion, and it must be
understood that any such analytic judgment is legitimately open to reinterpretation by others.
-
(C) A classic example of the problem is with the prime source of information about the alleged
Section 8 of the Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Novosibirsk. Two detailed interviews, held
more than 2 years apart, contain large inconsistencies in major points. A third interview, presented on
television, covered only one of these points, and again, there was an inconsistency with earlier claims .*
In this instance, there are no known data to either confirm or refute the claims of the source, although
there is one rather unsophisticated paper from that institute in the unclassified data base. In view of
the significant, unresolved inconsistencies in the data on the alleged Section from this source and the
lack of confirmatory information from other sources, it is difficult to determine what, if any, validity
there is to the claim of a large research effort in Novosibirsk. In fact, the issue is larger still. The
claims of the source, as interviewed by the contractor (in 1975) tend to support the general themes
which are consistently advanced by that contractor, and a careful reading of the transcripts of
interviews with other sources reveals leading questions which give sources ample opportunities to tell
the interviewer what he wants to hear. In general, the questions seem designed to have the source
confirm the preconceptions of the interviewer, rather than to elicit new information. And, in fact, when
that confirmation is not forthcoming in some of the interviews, that fact has not been mentioned in the
summary report.
(C) If the above were an isolated case of biased information from a single source, it could be
rather easily dealt with. Unfortunately, that seems not to be the case. While the source referred to
above seems to be an exceptionally bad example, the problems with his interviews are symptomatic of
a much wider problem. Paraphysics is an area in which claims are easily made and difficult to refute;
and one which has high emotional impact on the listener. Dispassionate, objective observation,
uncolored with personal preconception, is an extreme rarity amongst those who have had experience in
the field. The problem is no less acute in the classified than in the unclassified data base.
(U) Depending upon the assumptions and analytic techniques used, and how judgments are made
about the probable credibility of certain parts of the available data base, it is possible to arrive at
conclusions which are somewhat different from those presented in this study. Such conclusions can be
legitimately based upon the current body of knowledge and not be directly refutable. Nonetheless, this
study has attempted to bring knowledge of Soviet R&D practices, the political and cultural
environment of the Warsaw Pact countries and of Western state-of-the-art to bear upon the current
data base on paraphysics research. On that basis, the conclusions herein seem the best current balance
of data and judgments about some paraphysics research activities in the Warsaw Pact countries.
"IC> See Table V for a summary of some of the most obvious discrepancies in the first two interviews. The television interview
was conducted subsequent to June 1977 and presented on the National Broadcasting Network on 30 October 1977. In it.
the source claimed a staff size for the laboratory of 50 persons. In 1975 the claim was 150, and it had been 60 earlier in the
1977 interview for the New York Times.
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1
TABLE V
COMPARISON OF TWO INTERVIEWS WITH THE SAME SOURCE (U)
FEBRUARY 1975
JUNE 1977
In 1965 . . . was created so-called
"Section No. 8."
In 1968 he was hired as a researcher
by Pernv for his "Section 8"
[ He] spent three years in a secret Siberian
laboratory in the late 1960's. [Which
implies that he was hired in 1966.]
. . and worked in that laboratory
for almost four years, 1968 to 1972.
Suddenly, in 1969, the laboratory was shut
down ... He was back in Moscow by then.
All together . . . "Section 8" was
employing about 150 top scientists,
not counting the technical staff.
There were about 60 persons at the labora-
tory. The scientists among them [which
implies that not all 60 were scientists]
"Section 8" had a very big budget
(approx. 2 million rubles per year.)
. . . as a matter of fact, the insti-
tute was and still is equipped
rather poorly.
. . were given virtually unlimited funds
for elaborate equipment. It cost
many millions.
Sources: 1975: "Resume of 1-28," Evaluation of Soviet Research in the Fields of Paranormal
Behavior and Unconventional Human" Biophysics. Final Report on Contract
XG-4058 (54-40) 74S. March, 1975. (CONFIDENTIAL)
1977: "Emigre Tells of Research in Soviet in Parapsychology for Military Use."
The New York Times, June 19. 1977. pp 1. 20. (UNCLASSIFIED)
(CONFIDENTIAL-NOFORN)
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REFERENCES
Section II
1. Kogan, I. M., "Is Telepathy Possible?" Radioteckhnika (Radio Engineering), Vol 21, 1966, p 75.
2. Kogan. I. M., "The Information Theory Aspect of Telepathy." Rand Translation (P-4145), July 1969.
3. Kogan, I. M .. "Telepathy. Hypothesis and Observations," Radio Engineering, Vol 22, 1967, p 141.
4. Kogan, I. M., "Information Theory Analysis of Telepathic Communication Experiments," Radio Engineering, Vol 23. 1968.
p 1:22.
5. Fidel'man, V. Ye .. Gulevskiy, V. V., Bogatyrev. V. A., Ivanova, M. R., and Bulavin, G. I., "Procedure and Results of an
Experimental Check of the Possibilities for Telepathic Communication." Rodio Engineering. Vol 25. 1970. p 109.
6. Kngan. I. M., Interview in Leninskoye Znamya (Lenin's Banner), 28 April 1974, p 4.
7. Sergeyev, G. A., "Some Methodological Problems of Parapshychology," Translations on Czechoslovakia ( JPRS L/4922. June
1974. p 1.
8. Sergeyev. G. A .. Kulagin, V. V., "The Interaction of Bioplasmic Fields of Living Organisms with Light Photon Sources."
Conference on Bioenergetics Questions; Seminar at Alma Ata, 1969, p 14-1.
9. Kolodnyy. L .. "Wireless Telegraphy No. 2." Moskouskaya Pravda. 9 April 1967, p 4 (col 4-7).
10. Goldburg. 1. M .. "The Question of the Development of Tactile Sensitivity." Voprosy Psikhologü. No. 1. 1963.
11. Vilenskava, L. V .. "Recent Research in Dermo-Optical Perception and ESP as Viewed in the Frame of Psychotronics," in
Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Psychotronic Research (SPR), July 1975, p 296.
12. Speransky. S. V. "Telepathy in Mice." International Journal of Paraphysics (IJP), Vol 9. No. 415. 1973. p 74.
13. Taylor. J. G., "On the .Geller Effect.'"Psychoenergetic Systems (PS). Pub by Gordon and Breach Science. Ltd. London.
England, Vol 2. 1977. p 81.
14. Franklin, W .. "Metal Fracture Physics Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and the Theory of Teleneural Interactions."
Ibid. p 13.
15. Sergeyev, G. A .. "Detection of Telekinesis by Semi-Conductors," International Journal of Paraphysics, Vol 7. No. 2. 1975, p
70.
16. Sergeyev, G. A .. "Psychotronics and the Unified Field Problem." Proceedings of the Third International Congress on
Psychotronic Research. Tokyo, June 1977. p 683.
-
17. Sergeyev. G. A., "Methodological Problems of Psychotronics." Proceedings of the Second International Congress on
Psychotronic Research. 1977. pp 9. 21.
18. Krivorotov. V. K. A. E., and V. K. "Bioenergotheraphy and Healing." Psychoenergetic Systems. Vol 1. 1974.
19. Adamenko, Victor G., "Attempted Human Control of a Biological Field," Psychoenergetic Systems, 1974. Vol 1, No. 1. p 35.
20. Adamenko, V. G .. "Biological Electrostatics" (Alma-Ata), International Journal of Paraphysics. Vol 8. No. 2. 1974.
21. Pushkin, V. N., "Preliminary Experiments in Person-to-Plant Communications." Psychoenergetic Systems. Vol 1. No. 1.
1974. p 39.
22. Krukhaley, G. P .. "The Photography of Visual Hallucinations." Proceedings of the Third Congress on Psychotronic
Research, Tokyo, 1977. p 487.
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REFERENCES (Cont)
Section III
1. Tendorovich, Nadezhda, "Soviet Studies of Parapsychic Phenomena," Bulletin, Institute for the Study of the USSR, No.
10, October 1967, pp 16-28.
2. Vasiliev, L. L., Experiments in Distant Influence, E. P. Dutton, 1962, 1976.
3. Ryzl, M., "Research on Telepathy in Soviet Russia," The Journal of Parapsychology, Vol 25, No. 2, June 1971, pp 75-83.
4. Arkad'yev, V., "Electromagnetic Hypothesis of the Transmission of Mental Suggestion," Zhurnal Priklodnov Fiziki, Vol 1.
No. 1-4, 1924, pp 215-221 (FTD-ID(RS)T-1445-77).
5. Zinchenko W. P., Leontiev. A. M., Lomov, B. M., Luria, A. R., "Parapsychology; Fiction or Reality?" Voprosy Filosofii
(Question of Philosophy), Vol 9, 1973, pp 128-136.
6. Karamfelov, I .. "Is Parapsychology a Science?" Nature and Knowledge, September 1970, pp 2-7 (FTD-ID(RS)1-0892-77).
7. Kogan, I. M., "Phenomena Amongst Us." Leninskoye Znamya (Lenin's Banner), 28 April 1974, p 4.
8. Rvzl. M., "Parapsychology in Communist Countries of Europe," International Journal of Parapsychology, 1968, pp 263-276.
9. Pratt. I. G., "Extrasensory Perception Research in Russia and Czechloslovakia." International Journal of Neuropsychiatry,
September-October 1966, pp 378-385.
10. Proceedings of the First, Second and Third International Congress on Psychotronic Research, 1973, 1975, 1977.
11. International Journal of Paraphysics, ed. B. Herbert, Downton/Wiltshire, England, Issues 1972-1977.
12. Kazhinskiy, B. B., Biological Radio Communications, FTD-TT-62-1923.
13. Naumov, E. K., Vilenskaya, L. V., Bibliographies on Parapsychology (Psychoenergetics) and Related Subjects, Moscow, 1971
(JPRS 55557). 28 March 1972.
Section IV
1. Bradna, Jiri, "Pursuing the Secret of the Dowsing Rod," Proceedings of the First Conference on Psychotronic Research,
Prague, 1973. JPRS L/5022, 6 Sep 1974, part 2, p 231. (First Psychotronic Conf.)
2. Snchevanov, N. N., and Matveyev, V. S., "The Biophysical Method," Khimiya I Zhizn', No. 7, 1975, pp 36-38.
3. Apostol, A., and Dumitrescu, I. Fl., "Radiotelemetric Measuring of Dowsing Signal Diurnal Variation," Second
International Congress on Psychotronic Research, Monte Carlo, 1975, p 215. (Second Psychotronic Conf.)
4. Bakirov, Aleksandr Grigor'yevich, "Geological Capabilities of the Biophysical Method," First Psychtronic Conf., part 1, p
91.
5. Kuznetsov, S. (interview) in Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 15 Dec 1976. pp 3-4.
6. Editorial comment appearing as a footnote to: Sochevanov, N. N., and Matveyev, V. S., "The Biophysical Method in
Geological Investigations." Geologiya Rudnikh Mestorozhdeniy, No. 5. (Sep-Oct) 1974, p 77.
7. Ibid., p 82.
8. Bakirov, op. cit., p 91.
9. Sochevanov. N. N., and Matveyev, V. S., "Electromagnetic Fields as Origin of the Biophysical Effect," International Journal
of Paraphysics, Vol 10, No. 5 and 6, pp 116, 117.
10. Bazhenov, A. S., "Testing with the Biophysical Method to Locate Subterranean Cavities," Vtorny Nauchno-Tekhnicheskiy
Seminar Po Biofizicheskomu Effektu, Moscow, 1971.
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REFERENCES (Cont)
Section IV (Cont)
34. Bradna, Jiri, "Distant Energy Myotransfer," First Psychotronic Conf., p 59.
35. Bradna, Jiri, "Pursuing the Secret of the Dowsing Rod," First Psychotronic Conf., pp 231-232.
36. Bradna, Jiri, "Distant Energy Myotransfer," First Psychotronic Conf., p 57.
37. Bradna, Jiri, "The Practice of Myotransfer in Healing-The Use of Transfacilitation." Third Psychotronic Conf., pp 452-
458.
38. Rejdak, Zdenek, "What is Psychotronics," Trud, 7 Feb 1974.
39. Ihid.
40. See, for instance, D. G. Mirza, writing in Nauka I Religiya, No. 1, 1967; referenced in Sergeyev, G. A., "Some Methodological
Problems of Parapsychology." Telepatie a Jasnovidnost, 1970, pp 79-87 (JPRS L/4922. 3 June 1974. p 2). According to
Sergeyev, Mirza determined that "the electroencephalogram does not have any information properties because the statistical
characteristics of the electroencephalogram allegedly lack sufficient stability by the criteria of classical probability theory."
41 .· Sergeyev, op. cit.
42. Ibid .. p 5.
43. Ryzi, Milan, "Parapsychology in Communist Countries of Europe," International Journal of Parapsychology, Vol 10. No. 3.
1968. pp 271-272. In this instance, Ryzi's explanation of the experimental protocol is preferable, since Sergeyev is vague on
crucial methodological points. In addition to his article in Telepatie a Jasnovidnost, there is an earlier article by Sergeyev
which contains many of the same points: Sergeyev. G. A., and Kulagin, V. V., "The Interaction of Bioplasmic Fields of
Living Organisms with Light Photon Sources," Bioenergetic Questions (Material of the Scientific Methodological Seminar in
Alma-Ata (1968) Beverly Hills, California: The Southern California Society for Physical Research, Inc., 1972, pp 14-1, 14-2.
However, this article refers to two separate experiments, only one of which appears to be identical with that reported by Rvzi
in 1968 and Sergeyev in 1970. Both experimental reports are vague on methodology.
44. Wortz. E. C., et al., Novel Biophysical Information Transfer Mechanism; Torrance, California: Airesearch Manufacturing
Company of California 14 Jan 1976, p 3-6.
45. Bonch-Burevich, B., "Can One Read Thoughts," Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 14 Jul 1962.
46. Sokolov. Aleksandr Nikolavevich, quoted in Bonch-Burevich, ibid.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibil.
49. Glushkov, Viktor Mikhailovich, quoted in: Maksimovich, G .. "The Race for Spiritual Immortality." Tekhnika Molodezhi.
No. 5. 1975, p 27.
Section V
1. Kogan, I. M., "Is Telepathy Possible?" Radiotechnika (Radio Engineering), Vol 21, 1966, p 75.
2. Kogan, I. M., "Information Theory Analyses of Telepathic Communication Experiments," Radio Engineering, Vol 23. 1968,
p 122.
3. Patrovsky, V .. "The Adequacy of the Electromagnetic Hypotheses," International Journal of Paraphysics, Vol 10, No. 5, p
140.
4. Vasiliev, L. L., Experiments in Distant Influence, Dutton Pub, 1963/1976.
5. Presman, A. S., "Electromagnetic Fields and Control in Biology," Voprosy Bioniki, Izd-vo "Nauka," Moscow, 1967, pp 341- /
350 (FTD-ID(RS)T-0253-77).
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REFERENCES (Cont)
Section V (Cont)
6. Kholodov, Yu. A., Reactions of the Nervous System to Electromagnetic Fields, Moscow, 1975 (JPRS L/5732, 11 March 1976).
7. Ostroumov, G. A., "At Which Distance Could Marine Animals Communicate with the Aid of Electromagnetic Waves," 1968
(FTD-ID(RS)T-0598-77).
8. Kholodov, Yu. A., Magnetism in Biology, 1970, Moscow, (JPRS-60737, 10 December 1973).
9. Inyushin, V. M., Chekurov, P. R., Biostimulation by Laser Beam and Bioplasm, Alma-Ata, 1975 (FTD-ID(RS)T-1049-77).
10. Pushkin, V. N., "Quantum Telepathy," International Journal of Paraphysics, Vol 9, No. 4. 1975, pp 76-78.
11. Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., Rosen, N .. "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete?"
Physical Review, Vol 47, 15 May 1935.
12. Dubrov. A. N., "The Interaction of Biological Objects with Time and Space." Psychoenergetic Systems, Vol 1. pp 209-214.
1976.
13. Dubrov. A., "Biogravitation." Proceedings of the First International Congress on Psychotronics. 1973. pp 175-181.
14. Dubrowv. A., "Psychotronics and Environment, A New Hypotheses About the Nature of Psy- Phenomena," Proceedings of the
Third International Congress on Psychotronics. 1977. pp 191-193.
15. Krmessky. J., "On The Trail of an Unknown Field," Proceedings of the First International Congress on Psychotronics, 1973.
pp 23-37 (JPRS L/5022-1. 6 September 1974).
16. Ehrenwald, J .. "Cerebral Localization and the Psi Syndrome." The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. Vol 161. No. fi.
1975. pp 393-398.
17. Zdenek, R. "Psychotronics and Psychiatry." Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Psychotronic Research.
1975. pp 359-362.
18. Sergeyev. G. A .. "Methodological Problems of Psychotronics," Ibid., pp 9-25.
19. Zinchenko, W. P .. Leontiev. A. N .. Lomov. B. M., Luria, A. R., "Parapsychology: Fiction or Reality" Voprosy Filosofi
(Questions of Philosophy), Vol 9, 1973. pp 128-136.
20. Georgivev. F .. Dubovskay, Sensory Cognition, Moscow University, 1965 IFTD-HT-66-431).
.
Section VI
1. Graham, Loren R., Science and Philosophy in the Soviet Union, New York: Alfred A. Knopf) 1972. p IT.
2. Dahavadvan, N .. Tekhnika Molodezhi, No. 2. 1961. p 31.
1. Fundamentals of Marxist Philosophy, 2nd ed .. (Moscow) 1964, pp 173 and 154
4. Bol'shaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopedia (BSE) (1957) Vol 21. p 159.
5. Vasilivev, L. L., Mysterious Phenomena of the Human Psyche, Moscow, 1959.
6. BSE (1976), Vol 19.
;. Prokop. O .. ed .. Medizinischer Okkultismus (Jena ) 1962. p 2. quoted in Biryukov. D. A .. "Is Telepathy Scientific." Vestnik
Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk SSR. No. 1. 1964. p 53.
8. Guherman. I .. Zhurnalist. February 1974. p 56.
9. Stanesu. Sorin. "Science and Telepathy," Stiinta si Technica, 1972. No. 5. (Mayı p 35.
10. "The Rampancy of Parapsychology and the Decline of the Superpowers," Scinetia Sinica. Vol IVIII. No. 4. (July-August)
1975.
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REFERENCES (Cont)
Section VII
1. Stanley Krippner and Richard Davidson, "Parapsychology in the USSR," Saturday Review, 15 Mar 1977. p 56.
2. Flora Lewis, "Emigre Tells of Research in Soviet in Parapsychology for Military Use," The New York Times, 19 Jun 1977. p
20.
2
3. In their book, Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain (Bantom Edition, New York, 1970). Sheila Ostrander and Lynn
Schroeder state that "Today the Soviet Union has some twenty or more centers for the study of the paranormal with an
annual budget estimated in 1967 (page 7) at 12 to 20 million rubles ($13 million to $20 million). In their note on page 7 to
this estimate, they attribute it to a "Confidential Report. American Source." Later in the same hook, while trying to impress
the reader with the danger of the alleged Soviet advantage in psychic research, they ignore the lower limit of their estimate
and state simply "The Soviet government supports parapsychology research to the tune of an estimated 20 million rubles a
year" (p 258). In 1972. Douglas Dean used virtually the same words tindicating, probably, that he got his information from
the same source) in stating that government support was 20 million dollars a year, and omitting the word "estimated."
Douglas Dean (interview) in the National Enquirer, 24 Sep 1977, p 22. In 1977, Charles Tart choke the lower limit of the
estimate. "The Soviet Government is spending at least 24 times as much money as the United States on psychic research
now-about 12 million rubles. . . a year." (UPI Report, "Soviet Psychic Secrets." printed in the San Francisco Chronicle. 16
Jun 1977. p 11.
4. P. T. Van Dyke and M. L. Juncosa, "Paranormal Phenomena-Briefing on a Net Assessment Study." RAND WN-2019-
ARPA. Jan 1973. p 25.
5. Edward Sigall, "Russia's Deadly Psyche Warfare Threat to the US." The National Enquirer. 23 Aug 1977. p 28.
6. E. Naumov and R. Fesenko. "What We are Working On." NAUKA I RELIGYA. No. 9. 1966. pp 47-49.
7. Kogan. I. M. (interview) in "Unsolved Riddles: Phenomena Amongst Us." Leninskoye Znamya, 28 April 1974. p 4.
8. DST-1830-063-57 (U) (SECRET), Vol 2, p 781.
9. "Returning to What Appeared in Print," Znaniye-Sila, No. 7. 1967, p 39.
10. Ibid.
11. DST-18308-049-76 (U).
12. Vechernaya Moskva. 4 Mar 1977. p 1. and Babinskiy Rabochiy, 24 Jul 1977. p 4.
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