NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9 )(1),
(b)(3)
LE COPY
107/9-SÃO
5
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY
WEAPONS AND SYSTEMS
19 MARCH: 1979
WNINTEL
NOFORN
ORCON
NO CONTRACT
RESTRICTED DATA
+68 79
HANDLE VIA
TALENT KEYHOLE-COMINT
CONTROL SYSTEMS JOINTLY
TOP SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9
TOP SECRET RUFF ZARF UMBRA
DETACH PRIOR TO RELEASE TO NON CODEWORD INDOCTRINATED RECIPIENTS
! CIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Trends in Soviet I sychology
Introduction
(S) The Soviet Union is conducting creditable and
sophisticated research in the behavioral sciences and
has been doing so for the past 10 to 15 years. The main
areas of emphasis are in the fields of psychopharmacolog !,
psychobiology, parapsychology and human factors. During
this period there has been a significant shift towards a
multidisciplined approach in their research efforts. Th:
most obvious examples are their investigations of the
synergistic effects of multiple drugs, drugs combined
with physical stir ali (such as ultrasonic and electro-
magnetic fields), and team efforts in parapsychology by
engineers, psychologists, and medical investigators.
Telepathic communication and psychokinesis have potential
in highly sensitive and political areas. A great deal of
effort is also being expended to borrow Western ideas and
expertise in this field. In psychopharmacology their
research into the biochemistry of memory and emotional
behavior in human subjects may produce significant break-
throughs .
(S) The Soviets mi jor goal in the overall area of be-
havioral research is to make significant breakthroughs i :
the fields of psychopharmacology and parapsychology.
Another area of significance is refining and enhancing
the field of human factors. They have since recognized
the problem of pour equipment design in both critical
military and indu: trial man-machine interfaces. Politic-
ally the Soviets } ave little experience in dealing with
noncaptive populations. Their hierarchy traditionally
has dictated poli y, but this approach is not effective
in motivating ind. viduals or groups. To resolve this
sledgehammer approach, the newly found "social psycho-
logists" are very busy incorporating Western ideas in
the remotivation ; nd control of alienated subgroups.
(S) In the milita y sphere their most significant goals
are to (1) improve their man-machine interfaces, (2)
find quick and ea: y ways to demoralize, influence or
debilitate the en. my, and (3) find more effective methods
DETACH PRIOR TO RELEASE TO NON CODEWORD INDOCTRINATED RECIPIENTS
TCS-565655- . 9
HANDLE VI \
TOP SECRET RUFF ZARF UMBRA
16
TALENT-KEYHOLI .COMINT
CONTROL SYSTEMS JOIN ' !. Y
: Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9 =
·

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9
TOP SECRET RUFF ZARF UMBRA
DETACH PRIOR TO RELEASE TO NON CODEWORD INDOL TRINATED RECIPIENTS
to mold, influence and control the vast military forces
politically at their disposal. A corollary effort, at.
a much smaller scale, is the development of more
sophisticated means of surgically, chemically, or
psychophysically controlling behavior in a nondebilitat-
i ig or overtly detectable manner.
D.scussion
(J) In the USSR, psychology is defined as the study of
mental "psychic" activity viewed as a finction of the
brain determined by the conditions of life, reflecting
objective reality, and regulating the interaction
between man and his environment. It incorporates the
dialectical materialist concept of the mnity of the
physical and the mental and the insepar ibility of the
m.nd from the physiological processes of the brain, and
the vital role of the mind. Man's consciousness is
regarded as the product of a prolonged historical develop-
ment in which a decisive role was played by man's work
a: d by verbal communication.
(") The results of psychological research are considered
t : have a theoretical and a practical s'gnificance. The
s ientific knowledge of the mind consti utes an important
Component of our understanding of the nature of man.
P. ychology contributes to the theory of knowledge and to
t: e formulation of a philosophical view of the world. It
sl ares in the scientific organization of human work and
i: an essential ingredient of the theory and practice of
er ucation, both as regards the acquisition of information
and skills, and the development of personality.
(! ) The Soviet Union is expending considerable resources
or psychological research. This effort is both overt and
ci vert and deals primarily with human f. ctors, psycho-
pharmacology and psychophysics. Their eading scientists
are competent and are very much interested in international
e: posure and acquiring Western data and technology.
(s) Most military oriented research in i sychopharmacology
and parapsychology is being done by leacing researchers
in their fields, although they are somewhat isolated from
the international scientific arena. Personnel include
B. D. Lomov, V. Venda, N. P. Bechtereva, N. N. Konovalov,
I. M. Kogan and E. Naumov. The Burdenk( Institute of
1
1
L
DETACH PRIOR TO RELEASE TO NON CODEWORD INDOCTRINATED RECIPIENTS
TCS-565655-79
HANDLE VIA
17
TOP SECRET RUFF ZARF UMBRA
TALENT-KEYHOLE-COMINT
CONTROL SYSTEMS JOINTLY
...
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9
TOP SECRET RUFF ZARF UMBRA
DETACH PRIOR TO RELEASE TO NON CODEWORD INDOCTRINATED RECIPIENTS
Neurosurgery (Moscow) and the Pavlov Institute of
Physiology (Leningrad) are continuing psychological
research along with other laboratories. These include:
the Institute of Neurology (Moscow), the Institute of
Neurosurgery (Leningrad) , the Institute of Experimental
Medicine (Leningrad) , the Scientific Research Institute
of Neurosurgery (Fiev), and the Institute of Experimental
and Clinical Neuro logy (Tbilisi) .
(S) The Soviets are competent and have great expertise in
psychopharmacology, especially as it pertains to human
subjects. Their createst difficulties lie in experiment
design, philosophical dogma, and digital computers to do
the sophisticated statistical analyses. Their poorest
work is in experiment designs dealing with higher order
behavioral observations such as complex human learning and
emotional behavior. Traditionally, most of the research
in the Soviet Union has dealt with physiological measures
such as myographic , galvanic, and encephelographic
recording. They are also still doing research with poorly
selected or very small samples and tend to use very
subjective measures to describe their results.
(S) The major problems at this time limiting their
effectiveness are their inability to handle their
scientific information explosion and the apparent
political-personal scientific suspicions that result from
a highly structured party-oriented, bureaucratic hierarchy.
Political infighting often results in unqualified party
appointees being installed in highly sensitive and
responsible positions, although much of this has seemingly
been resolved by 1. Lomov in the laboratories and pro-
jects he controls.
Under Lomov's guidance, recent
problem solving has been done in a nonpolitical pragmatic
way. The main problem the Soviet Union has had in con-
ducting psychological research is the lack of sophisticated
laboratory grade equipment which includes precision
physiological and neurophysiological devices. This pro-
blem is being resolved for the major research efforts by
the wholesale purchase of foreign equipment, particularly
from Japan, and ir wholesale invitation to foreign
scientists. The soviets have abandoned their philosophy
of waiting for Soviet technology to catch up to the West
and are actively seeking and obtaining foreign talent and
equipment necessary to complete high quality research in
every facet of the behavioral sciences. Another major
DETACH PRIOR TO RELEASI TO NON CODEWORD INDOCTRINATED RECIPIENTS
TCS-56565! - 79
18
· HANDLE V 4
TOP SECRET RUFF ZARF UMBRA
TALENT-KEYHOL :- COMINT
CONTROL SYSTEM: JOINTLY
IT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9
.

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9
TOP SECRET RUFF ZARF L MBRA
DETACH PRIOR TO RELEASE TO NON CODEWORD INDOCTRII ATED RECIPIENTS
problem facing the leadership is a widening generation
gap leading to potential morale and discipline problems
within the military. In the past, the leadership was
able to rely on the near fanatical nationalism resulting
from World War II experiences such as the battles of
Leningrad and Stalingrad. The concept of "Motor Russia"
is not felt as strongly in the younger qoneration.
The
very real problems resulting from rapid : rbanization,
industrialization, increased affluence, ind exposure to
Western literature are being felt today. Future
motivational dilemmas are being studied lecause the
leaders are now aware that the magnitude of the problem
will increase with time as the effect of greater affluence
and mobility takes hold. However, the Soviet Union has
the requisite expertise and motivation t. produce major
breakthroughs in several areas of the bel avioral sciences.
This has been made much more likely bv a: apparent total
commitment to excellence in their scient fic endeavors
which includes purchasing whatever they need to conduct
their research.
(U) Present-day psychology in the USSR i : a complex and
differentiated research system extending through general
psychology, genetic and child psychology. psychosomatic
disorders, medical psychology, psychophy :iology and
engineering psychology. A great deal of interest and
support is being given to the various areas of psychology
research, and although fragmented in the past with
difficult uphill beginnings, it has reached the position
where it is now considered by the Soviet ; as a tradi-
tional, recognized scientific endeavor. (SECRET)
(REVW ON 19 MAR 1999 -- EXTENDED BY DT, RF\S 2.301.C.3)
SOURCE :
U.S. Air Force Academy - Mai Val Tirman.
For additional information, cor tact.
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
19
TCS-565655-79
DETACH PRIOR TO RELEASE TO NON CODEWORD INDOCTRINATEL RECIPIENTS
HANDLE VIA
TOP SECRET RUFF ZARF UMBRA
TALENT-KEYHOLE-COMINT
CONTROL SYSTEMS JOINTLY
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/31 : NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020016-9
.