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SEQUENCE IR :
CXA85027099
ISE
ID: 00571-90NOV20 14.11. 14 A01
TITLE:
SOVILIS .COMBINE NEUROSCIENCE AND OPTICAL PROCESSING =
TECHNIQUES TO DEVELOP AN OPTICAL BRAIN *U **
DOC REF :
BIWEEKLY SCIENTIFIC AND INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY : BSISYN, 35,
DOC NR :
AST-0:SOP-328-85 (AST2660P32885)
DOC DATE :
350510
FICHE NR :
DS996-301303
INF CTY :
JR)
CLASSIF:
CONFIDENTIAL
DWNGRADE :
CLASSIFIED BY: MULTIPLE SOURCES; DECLASSIFY ON:
ORIGINATING AGENCY'S DETERMINATION REQUIRED
RELEASE :
ORCON (OC)
DISTRIB :
RELEASE LIMITED TO AFMIC, DIA/DT, FSTC, FTD, MSIC, NISC
( ST)
:
RELEASABILITY
RESTRICTION
OF THE SOURCE DOCUMENT.
TEXT CONTAINS NO
RELEASABILITY MARKINGS.
*U*
WITH
ADVANCED
ELECTROOPTICS
TECHNOLOGY, SOVIET ENGINEERS HAVE
DEVELOPED
A
DEVICE
THAT MIMICS THE HUMAN BRAIN IN THE WAY THAT THE
BRAIN
PROCESSES INFORMATION.
LIKE THE REAL THING, THE SOVIET ANALOG
IS
A
MULTILEVEL
NETWORK
OF
NERVE
CELLS.
THE
NATURAL BRAIN, A
PARALLEL
PROCESSOR,
CONSISTS
OF
ABOUT
10EXP11
NEURONS
OR NERVE
CELLS,
BUT
THE
GREATER
VOLUME
IS
MADE
UP
OF
ABOUT
10EXP14
INTERCONNECTIONS
AMONG
THESE
NEURONS .
THE
SOVIET
ANALOG
IS
STRUCTURED
SIMPLISTICALLY
THE SAME WAY BUT USES A THRESHOLD FILTER,
PHOTOCELL,
LASER,
AND
HOLOGRAM
OPERATING
IN
SERIES AS THE BASIC
ELEMENT.
INTERCONNECTIONS ARE MADE OPTICALLY.
*U* THE SOVIET NEURON WORKS IN THIS WAY: WHEN AN INPUT SIGNAL (S) IN
THE FORM
OF
LIGHT
IRRADIATES THE PHOTOCELL, ITS OUTPUT DRIVES THE
LASER,
WHICH
PRODUCES
AN OUTPUT THAT IS SPLIT AND MODULATED BY THE
HOLOGRAM.
AFTER
BEING SPLIT, THE LASER ACTIVATES THE PHOTOCELLS AT
THE
NEXT LEVEL.
INFORMATION STORED ON THE HOLOGRAMS CONSTITUTES THE
PROGRAM
AND
DETERMINES
THE INTERCONNECTIONS FOR THE OPTICAL BRAIN.
THE THRESHOLD
FILTER
SETS
THE
MINIMUM
LIGHT LEVEL REQUIRED TO
ACTIVATE THE PHOTOCELL.
*U*
IN THE REAL BRAIN, THESE INTERCONNECTIONS CAN NUMBER IN THE TENS
OF
THOUSANDS
PER
NEURONS .
STATE-OF-THE-ART MICROELECTRONICS COULD
NOT
BE
USED TO SIMULATE THIS STRUCTURE AND STAY WITHIN A REASONABLE
SIZE.
IN
ADDITION
TO
BEING
LIMITED
BY
PACKING
DENSITY OF THE
CONNECTIONS
BETWEEN
NEURONS ,
MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITS SUFFER FROM
THE
POTENTIAL
FOR
INFORMATION
LEAKAGE FROM CROSS TALK ( UNDESIRED
TRANSFER
OF SIGNALS) . INTERCONNECTIONS BY OPTICAL RADIATION ARE NOT
BOUND BY EITHER RESTRICTION.
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TEXT: ENTIRE.
THIS
INPUT
UNIT
IS
MARKED
ACCORDING
TO THE OVERALL
CONFIDENTIAL

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SEQUENCE NR:
CXA85027099
JSER
ID: 00571-90NOV20/14.11.14/A01
SG11
*U*
THE
SOVIETS
REPORT THAT THEY CAN CONSTRUCT AN OPTONEURON BRAIN
WITH
THE
SAME NUMBER OF NEURONS AND INTERCONNECTIONS AS THE NATURAL
BRAIN,
USING
A MODULAR DESIGN. EACH MODULE WOULD BE THE EQUIVALENT
OF
A
LAYER OF 10EXP3 NEURONS, 10EXPO INTERCONNECTIONS AND BE PACKEL
IN
A
1
CM CUBE.
AS WITH THE NATURAL BRAIN, INFORMATION FROM LAYER
TO
LAYER
IN
THE
MODEL
UNDERGOES
HIGHER
AND
HIGHER DEGREES OF
PROCESSING.
WITH THREE LAYERS OF NEURONS, THE SOVIET MODEL WOULD BE
ABOUT
50
CU
M,
MANY
TIMES
LARGER
THAN
THE NATURAL BRAIN BUT A
MANAGEABLE SIZE AS A COMPUTER.
*U*
CONSIDERING SPEED OF PROCESSING, THE OPTONEURON BRAIN, AT 10EXP4
TO
10EXP5 TIMES THE SPEED OF THE NATURAL BRAIN, WOULD BE MUCH FASTER
THAN
THE STATE-OF-THE-ART ELECTRONIC COMPUTER THAT HANDLES 10EXP7 TO
10EXP9
OPERATIONS
PER SECOND.
WHILE THE NERVE CELL IS MUCH SLOWER
THAN
ELECTRONIC
DEVICES,
THE
NATURAL
BRAIN,
WITH
PARALLEL
PROCESSING,
IS
FASTER
THE
( IN THE SOLUTION OF NONFORMAL PROBLEMS ) THAN
ELECTRONIC COMPUTER. THE OPTONEURON BRAIN, A PARALLEL PROCESSOR
WITH
ELEMENTS
THAT
OPERATE
AT
ELECTRONIC SPEED, IS STILL FASTER
(WITH A SYSTEM SPEED OF 10EXP20 OPERATIONS PER SECOND) .
*U*
NOTWITHSTANDING THE SOVIET ACHIEVEMENT IN DEVELOPING THE OPTICAL
BRAIN,
THE GREATER TASK IS
TO
DETERMINE
THE
STRUCTURE OF THE
INTERCONNECTIONS.
TWO
COMPLEMENTARY
RESEARCH DIRECTIONS ARE BEING
FOLLOWED TO DEVELOP THE ALGORITHMS FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION.
*U* THE FIRST OF THESE IS THE STUDY OF THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF
PROCESSING INFORMATION GLEANED
FROM NEUROPHYSIOLOGY RESEARCH.
THE
WORK OF U. S.
H.
SCIENTISTS
D.
HUBEL
AND
T.
N. WIESEL ON THE
PRINCIPLES
OF
PROCESSING
IN
THE
BRAIN OF VISUAL INFORMATION IS A
REPRESENTATIVE
APPROACH
FOLLOWED
CLOSELY
BY
THE SOVIETS.
SOVIET
ACTIVITY IN THIS AREA IS BRISK.
*U*
THE
SECOND WAY
IS
THE ANALYTIC INFERENCE OF ALGORITHMS WHICH
MODEL
INDIVIDUAL
FUNCTIONS
OF THE BRAIN.
THE OPTICAL BRAIN BUILT
AND
DESCRIBED BY THE SOVIETS USES AN ALGORITHM DEVELOPED TO RESEMBLE
THE INTELLECTUAL
OPERATIONS PERFORMED
BY
HUMANS
IN LOOKING FOR
INFORMATION.
THE
DEVICE
DESCRIBED BY THE SOVIETS IS A RELATIVELY
SIMPLE
SYSTEM
THAT USES
PATTERN RECOGNITION IN FINDING DOCUMENTS.
IN 1980 AND 1981, THE SOVIETS PUBLISHED DETAILS ABOUT THE TECHNIQUE
OF A PURELY OPTICAL RETRIEVAL MECHANISM BASED ON HOLOGRAPHY.
*U*
COMMENT: THE SOVIET BRAIN IS A MUCH SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF THE REAL
THING.
FOR
EXAMPLE,
THE MODEL, UNLIKE THE REAL BRAIN, IS NEITHER
ADAPTIVE
NOR
CAPABLE OF SELF LEARNING.
THE PROGRAM OF THE MODEL IS
FIXED BY THE HOLOGRAMS RECORDED ON LIGHT SENSITIVE FILM.
*U*
COMMENT :
THE
TECHNOLOGY
FOR
THE
FILM
DEVELOPED
FROM
BACTERIORHODOPSIN
DESCRIBED
£
IN
THE
23 NOVEMBER 1984 ISSUE OF THIS
PUBLICATION
(AST-2660P-316-84)
COULD
CHANGE
THIS
LIMITATION.
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SEQUENCE NR :
CXA85027099
USER
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HOLOGRAMS
RECORDED
ON
THE
NEW
SG11
FILM ARE ERASABLE, MAKING A SYSTEM
USING
THIS
FILM
REPROGRAMMABLE.
THE
SOVIETS
ALSO
APPEAR TO BE
WORKING
ON
FILMS
WITH MOLECULAR CONSTITUENTS THAT ARE ADAPTIVE AND
SELF
ORGANIZING.
WITH
THE
ADDITION
OF THIS CLASS OF FILMS, THE
OPTICAL
BRAIN
COULD
HANDLE MANY PROBLEMS REQUIRING DECISION MAKING
FOR WHICH THE ALGORITHM CANNOT BE FORMULATED IN ADVANCE
*U* COMMENT: BIOELECTRONICS RESEARCH IN THE SOVIET UNION, THE UNITED
STATES,
AND ELSEWHERE COULD, IN THE NEXT DECADE OR SO, LEAD TO THE
TECHNOLOGY THAT WOULD ENABLE VERY SMALL ARTIFICIAL NEURONS AND THEIR
INTERCONNECTIONS TO
BE PRODUCED.
THESE
NETWORKS
WOULD BE SMALL
ENOUGH
TO
BRAIN
RADICALLY REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE SOVIET BRAIN. A SMALLER
WOULD FIND MORE PRACTICAL USE FOR ROBOTICS, SMART WEAPONS, AND
COMMAND-AND-CONTROL SYSTEMS
*U* COMMENT:
FOR
MANY
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADAPTIVE, SELF LEARNING
NEURON LIKE
NETWORKS,
A
FULL SCALE BRAIN LIKE SYSTEM WITH 10EXP11
ELEMENTS
WOULD
NOT
BE
NEEDED.
THE SOVIETS ARE CAPABLE OF BUILDING
SMALL
WORKABLE
SYSTEMS
WITH
OFF-THE-SHELF OPTICAL OR ELECTRONICS
TECHNOLOGY .
AN
EXAMPLE
IS
THE
SHAPE ANALYZER MENTIONED IN THE 7
SOVIETS
JANUARY
1983
ISSUE
OF
THIS
PUBLICATION
(AST-2660P-267-83). THE
HAVE DEVOTED CONSIDERABLE EFFORT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE
OPTICAL
SIGNAL
ANALYZERS.
THESE ARE NEURON LIKE STRUCTURES AND EYE
LIKE
DETECTORS
OF
INTENSITY,
COLOR,
DEPTH,
SHAPE
ELEMENTS, AND
VELOCITY.
DETAILS
OF
THE RESULTS OF THIS WORK CAN BE FOUND IN THE
BOOK
NEUROBIONICS :
SYSTEMS ,
BY Y. N. SOKOLOV AND L. A. SHMELEV, PUBLISHED IN MOSCOW IN
1983.
THIS
BOOK
DESCRIBES
£
THEORETICAL
THE
RESULTS OF
EXPERIMENTS
AND
INVESTIGATIONS PERFORMED BY THE AUTHORS AND USED BY THEM
AS THE
BASIS
FOR
A COURSE
OF LECTURES THEY GAVE AT MOSCOW STATE
UNIVERSITY.
*U*
COMMENT :
THE SOVIETS ARE ALSO CONDUCTING INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY THAT COULD
YIELD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE WAY
THE
RESEARCH OF A. G. BRAGIN AND O. S.
THE
BRAIN
FUNCTIONS.
VINOGRADOV
AND
OTHERS
AT THE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS IS A
CASE
IN
POINT. THIS TEAM HAS, FOR THE PAST DECADE, BEEN CONDUCTING
RESEARCH
THAT
HAS
ENABLED THEM TO REMOVE SECTIONS OF THE BRAIN FOR
STUDY,
HAVE
THE
SECTIONS SURVIVE AND, MORE RECENTLY,
IMPLANT
SECTIONS OF BRAIN FROM ONE SPECIES INTO ANOTHER
*U* COMMENT:
THIS
RESEARCH IS CONCERNED WITH THE FOLLOWING: 1. THE
IN
THE
FUNCTION
OF
THE
HIPPOCAMPUS
AND CONNECTED STRUCTURES
PROCESSING
AND
STORAGE
OF
INFORMATION
( THE HIPPOCAMPUS
IS THAT
SECTION OF
THE BRAIN THOUGHT TO BE CONCERNED WITH MEMORY) . 2.
SELF
ORGANIZATION
OF
THE
BRAIN STRUCTURES.
3.
THE ABILITY OF BRAIN
TISSUE TO
CONNECT
ITSELF TO A HOST SYSTEM IN A FUNCTIONAL WAY.
4.
SURVIVAL
OF BRAIN SECTIONS AFTER REMOVAL ( THE SOVIETS HAVE BUILT AN
EXPERIMENTAL CHAMBER FOR SURVIVING SECTIONS OF THE BRAIN) .
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THE ORGANIZATION
OF
NEURONLIKE ELEMENTS
AND

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SEQUENCE NR :
CXA85027099
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ID: )0571-90NOV20/14.11.14/Au:
SG11
*U* COMMENT: THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS RESEARCH GO BEYOND DESIGNING A
BETTER
ARTIFICIAL
BRAIN.
THE SOVIETS, FOR EXAMPLE, ARE INTERESTED
IN
DEVELOPING SYSTEMS BASED ON THE INTERACTION OF REAL AND SYNTHETIC
NERVOUS
NETWORKS
FOR
AHAT
SUBJECT
AND
RELATED
TOPICS
ISSUE OF THIS PUBLICATION.
*C*
COMMENT :
OF
DIRECT
MILITARY
INTEREST,
A
DEVICE SUCH AS THE
OPTICAL
BRAIN,
BASED
ON
NEURON
NETWORKS,
MIGHT BE ABLE TO SOLVE
NONFORMAL
PROBLEMS.
THIS
IS
A
GREAT
ADVANTAGE
FOR
PATTERN
RECOGNITION,
THE INTEGRATION OF' SIGNALS FROM MULTIMODAL SENSORS, AND
THE AUGMENTATION OF COMMAND DECISION MAKING.
*U*
COMMENT :
WITH
PARALLEL
PROCESSING,
VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF AN
IMAGE
CAN
BE
TRANSMITTED
ALONG
DIFFERENT CHANNELS, I.E., SHAPE,
COLOR,
MOTION,
ORIENTATION,
ETC.
RECOGNITION OF THE TARGET CAN BE
PREDICTED
AS
VARIOUS PROPERTIES ARE INTEGRATED WITH THE MOVEMENT OF
INFORMATION
THROUGH SUCCESSIVE'
LEVELS OF THE NETWORK. IN THE SAME
WAY,
INFORMATION
FROM
MULTIMODE
SENSORS CAN BE INTEGRATED, I.E.,
OPTICAL, INFRARED, SEISMIC, CHEMICAL, ACOUSTIC, ETC.
*U* COMMENT: THE SOVIETS ARE ALSO INTERESTED IN SHORTENING THE TIME,
IMPROVING
THE EFFICIENCY, AND REDUCING THE STRESS IN MAKING COMMAND
AND
£
INDIVIDUAL COMBAT DECISIONS.
A BRAIN LIKE DEVICE WITH AN
ALGORITHM
MODELED
AFTER THE WAY HUMANS THINK COULD HELP MEET THESE
GOALS.
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CALL
NEUROCTBORGIZATION.
THIS
BE EXPLORED IN DEPTH IN A FUTURE
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