CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIARBB96 04789R003000470001-7
DRAFT
Final Report-Task 6.0.3
Covering Period 1 October 1988 to 30 September 1989
October 1989
A PROTOTYPE ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR SPECIAL REMOTE
VIEWING TASKS (U)
Prepared by:
Wanda L. W. Luke
Thane J. Frivold
Edwin C. May
Virginia V. Trask
SG1J
Prepared for:
Contracting Officer's Technical Representative
SRI Project 1291
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7
DRAFT
ABSTRACT (U)
(S/NF) We have developed a prototype analysis system for remote viewings conducted
against targets of intelligence interest. The system uses individual viewers' performance histories
in conjunction with current data to prioritize a set of possible intelligence interpretations of the
site.
11
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : OMAMAD:00-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08
UNCLASSIP72PR003000470001-7
DRAFT
(U) TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
ii
LIST OF TABLES
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
iv
I
INTRODUCTION (U)
1
II
METHOD OF APPROACH (U)
2
A.
(U) Fuzzy Set Formalism
2
B.
(U) Prototype Analysis System
5
C.
(U) Partial Application of Analysis System to Existing Target Pool
7
D.
(U) General Conclusions
12
REFERENCES
13
APPENDIX A
14
APPENDIX B
15
iii
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
UNCLOSSIFFER003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIAOESPETO9R003000470001-7
DRAFT
(U) LIST OF TABLES
1.
(U) Numerical Listing of Targets
8
2.
(U) Technology Cluster
11
3.
(U) Principal Elements Contained in the Technology Template
11
(U) LIST OF TABLES
1.
(S/NF) Cluster Diagram for Simulated Operational Targets
.....
10
iv
DRAFT
COLORET
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIAO-UP:Lop789R003000470001-7
DRAFT
I INTRODUCTION (U)
(U) Since 1973, when the investigations of the human information-accessing capability
called remote viewing (RV) first began at SRI International,1* evaluating the quality of the
information obtained has been a continuing challenge. In order to develop valid evaluation
procedures, two basic questions must be addressed:
(1) What is the definition of the target?
(2) What is the definition of the RV response?
(S/NF) If the RV task is research-oriented, the targets are known, and therefore can be
precisely defined. In intelligence-oriented tasks, however, the targets are generally unknown
and their definitions are problematical. In both domain tasks, RV responses tend to consist of
sketches and written phrases. A concise definition of this type of "natural language" is one of
the unsolved problems in computer science, and there has been little progress to date. Thus, a
complete definition of an RV response is also problematical.
(S/NF) An intelligence-oriented RV task poses further problems. High-quality RV does
not always provide useful intelligence. For example, the RV may provide additional support for
information that has been verified from other sourses, but provide no new information. In some
cases, however, an overall low-quality RV may provide key elements that positively influence an
analyst's interpretation.
(S/NF) Another characteristic of current laboratory analysis techniques is that they do
not provide an a priori assessment of the RV quality. While this is not a problem in the
laboratory, intelligence applications require such evaluation. An RV analyst cannot provide
intelligence usefulness ratings from the RV alone; rather, the analyst must provide a priori
probabilities that individual RV-response elements (or concepts) are present at the target site. It
remains the responsibility of an intelligence analyst to determine whether such data are ultimately
useful.
(S/NF) Analysis of laboratory RV has been a major part of the ongoing Cognitive
Sciences Program.2-7 For FY 1989, we focused on the development of a prototype analysis
system that would provide the needed a priori assessments for intelligence tasking. t
(U) References are at the end of this report.
t (U) This report constitutes the deliverable for Statement of Work item 6.0.3.
1
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIAOLOTTET
PBROS AA789R003000470001-7
DRAFT
II METHOD OF APPROACH (U)
(S/NF) The analysis of remote viewing (RV) data in an operational environment differs
considerably from laboratory analysis. Most often, analysts have incomplete, or no information
about the target site and are required to provide a priori assessments of data gathered from RV
sessions. In this section we outline a prototype analysis system for operational RV that uses
concepts from fuzzy set theory, historical archival data, and "templates" of typical operational
targets. In addition, we apply this prototype system to an existing target pool as an illustration of
the power of the technique.
A. (U) Fuzzy Set Formalism
(S/NF) A more complete description of the full fuzzy set formalism can be found in our
literature.6,7 For the purpose of this report, we have summarized that formalism in general terms
that are not specific to either laboratory experiments or intelligence tasking.
1. (U) Construction of Target and Response Fuzzy Sets
(U) A formal definition of a target and its associated RV response (i.e., the data
obtained from an RV session) is necessary to any analysis system. To use the fuzzy set method, a
universal set of elements is constructed on which target and response descriptions are based.
These elements should contain descriptive aspects of the target material and incorporate items
that typify responses from the intended viewers. This universal set should also be extendible
(i.e., allow for additional items that may arise in the responses).
(U) In general, the task of an RV analyst is to assign a membership value (1)
between 0 and 1 to each element in the universal set. The numerical value for each element in a
response is assigned by the degree to which the analyst is convinced that the given element is
present in that response. Membership values for target elements are assigned on the basis of the
degree to which the elements contribute to the target description.
(S/NF) In the laboratory, the targets are known, so that defining a universal set of
elements is comparatively straightforward.6,7 In intelligence tasks, however, defining a single
universal set of elements that is appropriate for all operations is difficult. Because the usual
intelligence task is so highly mission-dependent, defining a single universal set of elements that is
individualized to that mission becomes easier.
2
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA PPPOS 26789R003000470001-7
(S/NF) The intelligence analyst, as opposed to an RV analyst, should construct such
a list for each mission. While there may be considerable similarities between element lists for
different missions, undoubtedly the lists will require specialization. In Section II-C below, we
show the construction of one element list and how it can be applied to a set of 65 simulated
operational targets.
2. (U) Analysis of Complete Responses
(S/NF) Once an appropriate universal set of elements has been created, and fuzzy
sets that define the target and the response have been specified, the comparison between them is
straightforward. We have defined accuracy as the percent of the target material that is described
correctly by a response. Likewise, we have defined reliability (of the viewer) as the percent of
the response that is correct.6 Although in the laboratory it is required to provide a posteriori
probability estimates of the target-response match, in an operational setting, this may be less
important. All that is usually necessary is to describe the accuracies and reliabilities for complete
responses, and for individual target elements of interest. These quantities for the jth sessions are
n
E Wk (R) Tj)k
k =1
(1)
and
> WKRj,k
k = 1
n
ΣΗκ (R; ( Ti)κ
k = 1
aj =
n
> WKTj,k
(2)
k =1
where the sum over k is called the sigma count in fuzzy set terminology, and is defined as the sum
of the membership values (u) for the elements of the response, the target, or their intersection,
and n is the number of possible elements as defined by the element list. A fuzzy intersection is
defined as the minimum of the intersecting fuzzy set membership values. In this version of the
definitions, we have allowed for the possibility of weighting the membership values, Wk, to
provide mission-defined relevances.
(U) For the above calculation to be meaningful, the us for the targets must be similar in
kind to the us for the responses. For most mission-dependent specifications, this is generally not
the case. The target us represent the degree to which a particular element is characteristic of the
target, and the response us represent the degree to which the analyst is convinced that the given
element is represented in the response.
3
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7
.

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : COMEHIDR9:89PTET0030004700017FT
(U) Until RV abilities can encompass the recognition of elements as well as their degree of
target characterization, we are required to modify the target fuzzy set. An analyst must decide
upon a threshold above which an element is considered to be completely characteristic of the
target site. In fuzzy set theory, this is called an o-cut: a technique to apply a threshold to the uu
values such that if the original value exceeds it, reassign the value to 1, otherwise set it to 0. In
this way, the analyst's subjectivity can be encoded in the response fuzzy set, and Equations 1 and
2 remain valid.
3. (U) Analysis of an Individual Element
(U) Equations 1 and 2 can be simplified to provide accuracies and reliabilities on an
individual element basis instead of upon a complete response. For example, let N be the number
of sessions against different targets that exist in a current archive for a specified viewer. Let E be
an element in question (e.g., airport). Then the probability that element e is in the target, given
that the viewer said it was, is given by
() - NE
Nc
N.'
(3)
where Ne is the number of times that the individual was correct, and Nr is the number of times
that element e was mentioned in the response. R(E) is also the reliability of the viewer for that
specified element.
(U) To compute what chance guessing would be, we must know the occurrence rate
of element e in the N sessions. Let No be the actual number of times element e was contained in
the N targets. Then the chance-guessing probability is given by
R()= No .
N
No
Ro(€) can also be considered as the guessing reliability (i.e., the reliability that would
be observed if the viewer guessed e during every session). The more R(€) > Ro(E), the more
reliable the individual is for the specified element.
(U) The probability that the viewer said element €, given that it was in the target, is
given by
A(E) = No.
No
Nc
A(E) is also the accuracy of the viewer for that specified element.
(U) As a numerical example, suppose a single viewer participated in N = 25 sessions.
Let € = "airport." Further suppose that No = 5 of the targets actually contained an airport.
4
UNCLASSIFIED
AFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA PAPAS 00700R003000470001-7
DRAFT
(U)
Then, Ro(airport) = 0.20 is the chance probability (i.e., guessing airport during every session
would only by 20 percent reliable). Assume that the viewer mentioned airport Nr = 6 times and
was correct Ne = 4 times. Then this viewer's reliability for airports is computed as R(airport) =
0.67 > Ro(airport) = 0.20. The viewer's accuracy for airports is computed as A(airport) = Nc/No
= 0.80. Thus in this example, we can conclude that this viewer is reasonably accomplished at
remote viewing an airport.
B.
(U) Prototype Analysis System
(S/NF) We assume that an intelligence analyst has constructed a mission-dependent
universal set of elements. We further assume that there are a number of competing
interpretations of the target site in question.
1. (U) Target Templates
(S/NF) The first step in our prototype analysis system is to define templates (i.e.,
general descriptions of classes of target types) of all competing target interpretations from the
universal set of elements. For example, a class of target types could be a generic biological
warfare (BW) facility. Exactly what the templates should represent is entirely dependent upon
what kind of information is sought. Both the underlying universal set of elements and the
templates must be constructed to be rich enough to allow for the encoding of all the information
of intelligence interest. That is, if neither the set of elements nor the templates can meaningfully
represent information about, say biological warfare (BW) development sites, then it will be
impossible to consider asking, "Does development of BW agents take place at the site?"
Furthermore, a certain amount of atomization is necessary because such division into small units
provides the potential for interactions within the universal set of elements. If the profile of a BW
facility consisted of a single element, the template would be useless unless the response directly
stated that particular element; rather, the profile should be constructed from groups of elements
(e.g., biological, offensive, weapon, decontamination).
(S/NF) There are two different ways to generate target templates.
The most
straightforward technique is also likely to be the most unreliable, because it relies on the analyst's
judgment of a single target type. With this method, the analyst, who is familiar with the
intelligence problem at hand, simply generates membership values for elements from the
universal set of elements based upon his or her general knowledge. Given the time and
resources, the best way to generate template membership values is to encode known targets that
are closely related (e.g, a number of known BW sites). Each template u is the average value
across targets, and thus is more reliable. If it is known that some targets are more
5
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDF96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIACCOTET789R003000470001-7
DRAFT
(S/NF)
"characteristic" of the target type than others, then a weighted average should be computed. In
symbols,
k = 1
v
E WK
(4)
k = 1
where the sums are over the available targets that constitute the template, wk are the target
weights, and the pj,k are the assigned membership values for target k.
2. (U) Archival Database
(S/NF) A critical feature of an analysis system for intelligence RV data is that along
with the current RV data to be evaluated, the individual viewer's past performance on an
element-by-element basis must also be included. For example, if a viewer has been relatively
unsuccessful at recognizing BW facilities, then a BW reference in the current data should not
contribute much in the overall analysis.
(S/NF) As ground truth becomes available for each session, a performance database
should be updated for each viewer to reflect the new information This database should be a
fuzzy set whose membership values for each element are the reliabilities computed from
Equation 3.
3.
(U) Optimized Probability List
(S/NF) The goal of any intelligence RV analysis system is to provide an a priori
prioritized and weighted list of target possibilities that results from a single remote viewing that is
sensitive to the performance history of the viewer. Assuming that a template exists for each of
the possible intelligence interpretations, an analyst should adhere to the following protocol:
(1) Analyze the RV data by assigning a membership value (u) for each element in the
universal set of elements.
Each u represents the degree to which the analyst is
convinced that the particular element is included in the response. For example,
suppose that the viewer said, "I perceive a BW facility." Then u(BW facility) = 1.
Alternatively, suppose the viewer said, "I perceive glassware and smell organic
chemicals." In this case, u(BW facility) might be assigned 0.6.
(2) Construct a crisp set, Re, as an «-cut of the original response set. By adopting a
threshold of 0.5, for example, then the resulting crisp set contains only those
elements that the analyst deems most likely as being present in the response.
(3) Construct an effective response set, Re, as Re = Rc U Ra(E), where Ra(€) is the
reliability set drawn from the archival database. For example, suppose the original
6
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA DOPO6-14789R003000470001-7
DRAFT
(S/NF)
assignment from the raw RV data was u(BW facility) = 0.6. Then after the a-cut
with a threshold set at 0.5, p(BW facility) = 1.0. Suppose, however, that the viewer
has been performing well on BW facilities and the archival database shows that
Ra(BW facility) = 0.8. Thus, Re(BW facility) = 0.8.
(4) Using this effective response set, compute an accuracy and reliability in accordance
with Equations 1 and 2. Then compute a figure-of-merit, Mj, for the jth competing
interpretations as
Mj = aj X rj .
Of course, the accuracies and reliabilities use the effective response set from step 3
above.
(5) Order the Ms from largest to smallest value. Since the figures-of-merit range in value
from 0 to 1, they can be interpreted as relative probability values for each of the
alternative target possibilities.
By following such a protocol, an analyst can produce a list of target alternatives that is sensitive to
the current remote viewing yet takes into consideration to the individual viewer's archival record.
C.
(U) Partial Application of Analysis System to Existing Target Pool
(U) We have used an existing target pool (developed under a separate program) as a test
bed for the analysis system described above.
1.
(U) Criteria for Inclusion in the Target Pool
(S/NF) Targets in this pool have the following characteristics:
· Each target is within an hour and a half automobile drive of SRI International.
· Each target simulates an operational site of intelligence interest.
· Each target fits generally within one of five functional categories: Production,
. Recreation, Scientific, Storage, and Transportation.
. Each target meets a consensus agreement of experienced RV monitors and
analysts about inclusion in the pool.
(U) The pool consists of 65 targets. Initially, they were divided into 13 groups of five
targets each, where each group contained one target from each of five functional categories. By
carefully organizing the targets in this way, the maximum possible functional difference of the
targets within each group was ensured. Table 1 shows a numerical listing of these targets.
7
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96.00789R003000470001-7
DRAFT
Table 1
(U) Numerical Listing of Targets
1. Transformer Station
23. Space Capsule
45. Pump Station
2. Ballpark
24. Coastal Battery
46. Ice Plant
3. Satellite Dish
25. Bay Area Rapid Transit
47. Caves/Cliffs
4. Weapons Storage
26. Salt Refinery
48. Bevatron
5. Naval Fleet
27. Candlestick Park
49. Barn
6. Gravel Quarry
28. Solar Observatory
50. Golden Gate Bridge
7. Swimming Pool
29. Food Terminal
51. Modern Windmills
8. Observatory
30. Pedestrian Overpass
52. Baylands Nature Preserve
9. Prison
31. Electrical Plant
53. Gas Plant
10. Shipping and Receiving
32. White Plaza
54. Auto Wreckers
11. Greenhouse
33. Space Shuttle
55. Fishing Fleet
12. Picnic Area
34. Coastal Battery
56. Radio Towers
13. Satellite Dishes
35. Train Terminal
57. Vineyard
14. Paint Warehouse
36. Sawmill
58. Pharmaceutical Laboratory
15. Naval Air Station
37. Pond
59. Toxic Waste Storage
16. Sugar Refinery
38. Wind Tunnel
60. Airport
17. Playground
61. Car Wash
18. Aquarium
40. Submarine
62. Old Windmill
19. Drum Yard
41. Cogeneration Plant
63. Nuclear Accelerator
20. Aircraft
42. Park
64. Reservoir
21. Sewage Treatment Plant
43. Linear Accelerator
65. Train Station
22. Hoover Tower
44. Dump
UNCLASSIFIED
2. (U) Fuzzy Set Element List
(S/NF) In FY 1989, we developed a prototype analysis system for analyzing targets
and responses in operational remote viewings. A list of elements, based on target function (i.e.,
the mission specification), are arranged in levels from relatively abstract (information poor) to
the relatively complex (information rich). Levels of elements are advantageous in that each can
be weighted separately in the analysis.
(U) This universal set of elements (included as Appendix A) represents primary
elements in the existing target pool of 65 targets. The set was derived exclusively from this
known target pool. In an actual RV session, however, a viewer does not have access to the
element list, and thus is not constrained to respond within its confines. An accurate RV analysis
must include any additional data that may be provided in the response; therefore, additional
space has been provided on the analysis sheets (see Appendix A) to include elements that are
part of the response but not initially included as part of the universal set.
8
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIABP96-00789R003000470001-7
39. Grain Terminal

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R063008470001-7
N'A
(S/NF) The target-dependent elements emphasize the site's function, and use terms
that are potentially universal across targets. We identified six element levels ranging from
relatively information rich to relatively information poor: affiliation, function, attributes,
modifiers, objects, and general/abstract. Because operational RV presupposes a certain level of
ability on the part of the viewer, there are relatively few general/abstract elements included in our
prototype analysis system. A description of some of the elements shown in Appendix A and a
guide to their use are presented in Appendix B.
3.
(U) Target Similarities
(U) In order to generate a demonstration target-type template using Equation 4, we
first organized the 65 targets into clusters of similar types.
(U) We begin by defining the similarity between target j and target k (Sj,k) to be a
normalized fuzzy set intersection between the two target sets;
(EWi(T) [ Twi)
i=1
Sj, k =
N
i =1
x
N
i = 1
(5)
By inspection, we see that Sj,k is also the figure-of-merit between target j and target k.
(U) For N targets there are N(N-1)/2 unique values (2080 for N=65) of Sj,k. The
value j and k that correspond to the largest value of Sj,k represent the two targets that are most
functionally similar. Suppose another target m is chosen and Sm,j and Sm,k are computed. If
both of these values are larger than Sm,p (for all p not equal to j or k) then target m is assessed to
be most similar to the pair j,k. The process of grouping targets based on these similarities is
called cluster analysis.
(U) Figure 1 shows the six clusters found from the cluster analysis of the 65 targets. *
The numbers shown refer to the targets listed in Table 1, and the clusters are in close agreement
with the original five categories used to select the targets. The point, however, is that a numerical
algorithm is capable of dividing a set of targets into functional categories.
* (U) In order to make the graphic output more meaningful, we used 1 - Sj,k in the analysis.
9
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA RDP96-00789R003000470001-AF

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA DDD06 09789R003000470001-7
OLUNGT
DRAFT
37
i
22
2
43
Cluster 1
Recreation
25
9
1
$2
33
55
50
54
61
15
Cluster 2
Transportation
20
38
35
30
60
2,5
-
4
Cluster 3
Weapons
40
1
51
31
41
3
13
Cluster 4
Technology
28
58
44
59
Cluster 5
Storage
14
39
19
49
46
53
82
21
Cluster 6
Production/Distribution
10
29
26
L
1
-
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1 - Sj, k
UNCLASSIFIED
Figure 1. (S/NF) Cluster Diagram for Simulated Operational Targets
(U) We used the technology cluster (i.e., number 4 in Figure 1) to apply Equation 4
to construct a technology target template. Table 2 shows the targets in this cluster, where the
horizontal lines indicate the subclustering within the technology group shown in Figure 1.
10
ORAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CMPPRAHA0789R003000470001-7
56
43
63
48
64
.

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : gMCDRSS)97-93003000470001-7
DRAFT
Table 2
(U) Technology Cluster
Target
Name
56.
Radio Towers
1.
Transformer Station
51.
Modern Windmills
31.
Electrical Plant
41.
Cogeneration Plant
1
3.
Satellite Dish
13.
Satellite Dishes
8.
Observatory
28.
Solar Observatory
58.
Pharmaceutical Laboratory
63.
Nuclear Accelerator
43.
Linear Accelerator
48.
Bevatron
UNCLASSIFIED
(U) Table 3 shows those elements that met or exceeded average membership values
of 0.4 using Equation 4.
Table 3
(U) Principal Elements Contained in the Technology Template
Levels
Number
Name
Affiliation
1
Commercial/Private
Function
14
Research/Experimentation
Attribute
24
Energy
Modifier
47
Electricity/Radio
Objects
88
High Technology Electronics
99
Restricted Access
120
Wires/Cables
Abstract
122
Activity-Passive
130
Ambiance-Indoor
131
Ambiance-Manmade
137
Ambiance-Outdoor
149
Size-Medium
UNCLASSIFIED
11
DRAFT
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIAOBEM3789R00104202017
(U) As a self-consistency check, we included the technology template in the total
target pool and recalculated the clusters. As expected, the technology template was included
within the subgroup of targets 3 and 13, and well within the technology cluster as a whole.
D.
(U) General Conclusions
(S/NF) The goal of this effort was to develop an analysis system that would prove
effective in providing a priori assessments of intelligence remote viewing tasks. If the proper
mission-dependent universal set of elements can be identified, then, using a viewer-dependent
reliability archive, data from a single remote viewing can be used to prioritize a set of alternative
target templates so as to chose the most likely one for the mission.
.
12
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDF96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA RDP96 00789R003090470001-7
DRAFT
REFERENCES (U)
1.
Puthoff, H.E., and Targ, R., "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer Over
Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research," Proceedings of the
IEEE, Vol. 64, No. 3, March 1976, UNCLASSIFIED.
2.
Targ, R., Puthoff, H.E., and May, E.C., 1977 Proceedings of the International
Conference of Cybernetics and Society, pp. 519-529, 1977, UNCLASSIFIED.
3.
May, E.C., "A Remote Viewing Evaluation Protocol (U)," Final Report (revised), SRI
Project 4028, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, July 1983, SECRET.
4.
May, E.C., Humphrey, B.S., and Mathews, C., "A Figure of Merit Analysis for
Free-Response Material," Proceedings of the 28th Annual Convention of the
Parapsychological Association, pp. 343-354, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts,
August 1985, UNCLASSIFIED.
5.
Humphrey, B.S., May, E.C., Trask, V.V., and Thomson, M. J., "Remote Viewing
Evaluation Techniques (U)," Final Report, SRI Project 1291, SRI International, Menlo
Park, California, December 1986, SECRET.
6.
Humphrey, B.S., May, E.C., Utts, J.M., Frivold, T.J., Luke, W.L., and Trask, V.V.,
"Fuzzy Set Applications in Remote Viewing Analysis," Final Report-Objective A, Task 3,
SRI Project 1291, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, December 1987,
UNCLASSIFIED.
7.
May, E.C., Humphrey, B.S., Frivold, T J., and Utts, J M., "Applications of Fuzzy Sets to
Remote Viewing Analysis (U)," Final Report-Objective F, Task 1, SRI Project 1291,
SRI International, Menlo Park, California, December 1988, SECRET.
13
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-KDI 96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 :
GMCLASSIP799003000470
DRAFT
Appendix A
UNIVERSAL SET OF ELEMENTS FOR ANALYSIS OF FUNCTION (U)
(This Appendix is completely UNCLASSIFIED)
14
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : MG/991615-7003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00709KUUJU
REMOTE PERCEPTION EVALUATION FORM
Experiment:
Trial:
Response:
Coder ID:
Viewer ID:
Target:
Date:
Affiliation
1
Commercial/Private
2
Government
3
Military
Function
4
Agriculture
9
Preservation
14 Research/Experimentation
5
Cleaning/PurIfication
10 Production
15
Storage
6
Distribution
11
Reception
16
Transmission
7
Education
12
Recreation/Aesthetic
17 Transportation
8
Extraction
13
Refining
Attributes
18
Animals
25 Food
32
Plants
19
Astronomy
26 Historical
33 Space Exploration
7
20
Biology
27 Merchandise/Products
34
Vehicles
21
Chemistry
28
Minerals
35
Waste
22 Containers
29 Nature/Natural
36
Water/Ice
23
Ecology
30
People
37
Weapons
24 Energy
31 Physics
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7
DRAFT
Pane A-1

REMOTE PERCEPTION EVALUATION FORM
Experiment:
Trial:
Response:
Coder ID:
Viewer ID:
Target:
Date:
Modifiers
38
Aircraft (Fixed-wing)
50
Grain
62
Salt /Sugar
39 Aircraft (Rotary-wing)
51
Guns
63
Ships/Boats
40 Ammunition
52
Livestock
64 Space Vehicles
41 Automobiles
53
Marine Life
65 Spectators
42 Barrels/Drums
54 Meat
66
Symbiotic
43 Bombs
55 Nuclear
67
Torpedos
44 Boxes
56
Paint
68
Toxic
45 Children
57
Participant
69
Trains
46 Convicts
58
Particle
70
Trucks
47
Electricity/Radio
59
Pharmaceuticals
71 Vegetables/Fruits
49 Explosives
60 Radioactive
72 Waste (Liquid)
48 Flammable
61
Rocks
73
Waste (Solld)
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RUR96-60789R003000470001-7
Pane A-2
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00769R003000470001-7

REMOTE PERCEPTION EVALUATION FORM
Experiment:
Trial:
Response:
Coder ID:
Viewer ID:
Target:
Date:
Objects-Specific: I
74
Accelerator
82 Fans/Propellers
90
Island
75
Alarm
83 Fence/Wall/Barrier
91
Magnets
76 Bridge (auto or foot)
84
Forklift
92 Monument
77 Catwalk
85
Fountain
93 Pler/Jetty/Loading Dock
78 Conveyer Belt
86 Guard (security personnel)
94 Pipes/Valves/Gauges
79
Coastline
87
Heat Generation
95
Port/Harbor
80
Crane
88
High-Technology Electronics
96
Raised Land-Cliff
700017
81
Dam
89 Hydraulics
97 Raised Land-Hills/Mountains
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7
Page A-3
Approved For Release 2000/06/00 . CIA-RDP96-001
DRAFT

REMOTE PERCEPTION EVALUATION FORM
Experiment:
Trial:
Response:
Coder ID:
Viewer ID:
Target:
Date:
Objects-Specific: Il
98 Ralsed Land-Single Peak
106 Tank/Silo/Cylinder
114 Vegetation-Natural
99 Restricted Access
107 Telescope
115 Voltage Transformer
100 Satellite Dish
108 Tower
116 Water-Bounded
101 Shielding
109 Tunnel/Cave/Underground
117 Water-Canal
102 Smoke Stack
110 Turbine
118 Water-Large Expanse
103 Bulldings-Group
111 Vacuum
119 Water-River
104 Building-Isolated/Single
112 Vegetation-Agricultural
120 Wires/Cables
105 Buildings-Void of
113 Vegetation-Manicured
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00785R003000470001-7
Pane A-4
-4
....
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00769R003000470001-7

REMOTE PERCEPTION EVALUATION FORM
Experiment:
Trial:
Response:
Coder ID:
Viewer ID:
Target:
Date:
General/Abstract Items
121 Activity-Active
133 Ambience-Noisy
145 Personnel-Many
122 Activity-Passive
134 Amblence-Odoriferous
146 Personnel-None
123 Activity-Flowing (water, air, etc.)
135 Ambience-Open/Expansive
147 Single Predominant Feature
124 Activity-Other
136 Ambience-Ordered
148 Size-Large (Univ. Campus)
125 Amblence-Abandoned
137 Amblence-Outdoor
149 Size-Medium (building)
126 Ambience-Claustrophobic
138 Amblence-Serene
150 Size-Small (human)
127 Ambience-Congested
139 Cloudy/Misty/Foggy
151 Dull-Colorless
128 Ambience-Dangerous
140 Colorful
129 Ambience-Disordered
141 Modern
130 Ambience-Indoor
142 Odd/Surprising
131 Ambience-Manmade
143 Old
132 Ambience-Natural
144 Personnel-Few
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7
Pane A-5

REMOTE PERCEPTION EVALUATION FORM
Experiment:
Trial:
Response:
Coder ID:
Viewer ID:
Target:
Date:
Additional Response Items
Function
Modifiers
Objects/Abstract
177
153
154
155
156
Attributes
169
170
183
157
171
185
158
184
159
186
161
174
160
175
162
163
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7
oe A-6
DRAC
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00769R003000470001-7
DRAFT
152
164
165
166
179
167
180
181
168
182
173
172
187
188
189
176
178

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 :\NOIDR9:SOFTBIR003000470001-7
DRAFT
Appendix B
ANALYSTS' GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSAL SET OF ELEMENTS FOR
FUNCTION (U)
(This Appendix is completely UNCLASSIFIED)
.
-
15
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
UNCLASSIFIED
CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7
DRAFT

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 :UNORDR9.0PIE9R003000470001-7
DRAFT
AN ANALYST'S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSAL SET OF ELEMENTS (U)
A.
(U) Introduction
(U) This appendix is intended to assist an analyst in using the universal set of elements
shown in Appendix A. We developed six levels of elements ranging from relatively abstract
(information poor) to the relatively complex (information rich).
B.
(U) Element Levels and Their Use
(U) The task of the analyst is to assign a membership value between 0 and 1 to each
individual element. For targets, a numerical value will be assigned on the basis of the presence
or absence of each element in terms of functional importance. For responses, the numerical
value will be assigned on the basis of the degree to which the analyst is convinced that the
element is contained in the response.
(U) All subsequent commentary is referenced by the element numbers in Appendix A.
Although each level may contain a number of elements, only those individual elements that may
need explanation are listed below.
1.
(U) Element Level-Affiliation
(U) "Affiliation" represents an advanced level of remote viewing functioning.
Although we infrequently observe this advanced functioning, the data are valuable, and,
therefore, are included. Elements in this level can be assigned membership values by asking the
question, "Who owns the target?" There are only three "affiliation" elements:
(1)
Commercial/Private.
(2)
Government: Federal, state, or local governmental ownership (e.g., municipal
utilities), but excluding military.
(3)
Military: military ownership as separate from the above governmental ownership
(e.g., a Navy submarine).
B-1
DRAFT
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 UNICA8686HEDR0030001/PARFET
2. (U) Element Level-Function
(U) "Function" also represents an advanced level of remote viewing functioning, and
it may represent the most important information with regard to overall function. Elements are
assigned membership values by asking the question, "What is(are) the primary function(s) of the
target?" There are 14 "function" elements, and a few require further explanation:
(6)
Distribution: the primary function is to receive and to transmit something (e.g., an
electrical transformer station).
(8)
Extraction: as in the extraction of minerals from the ground.
(11)
Reception: the primary function is only to receive (e.g., a satellite tracking station).
(13)
Refining: the primary function is to refine a raw material into an intermediate or
finished product (e.g., a saw mill).
(16)
Transmission: the primary function is only to transmit (e.g., a radio tower).
3.
(U) Element Level-Attributes
(U) "Attributes" can be thought of as clarification for the "function" level.
Elements are assigned membership values by asking a question similar to, "If the function of the
target is production, then what is being produced?" There are 20 "attribute" elements, and the
following require further explanation:
(18)
Animals: animals only.
(20)
Biology: the study of living things in general.
(21)
Chemistry: also includes chemicals.
(23)
Ecology: symbiotic systems in nature, as in ecological zones (e.g., the Bay Lands
Nature Preserve).
(24)
Energy: energy in a broad sense that also includes radio waves.
(29)
Nature/Natural: general natural objects (e.g., plants and animals).
(32)
Plants: plants only.
(33)
Space exploration: general, includes all experimentation done in space.
Elements 18 and 32 are given a membership value if the target/response is specifically oriented to
one item. Otherwise element 29 should be assigned a value.
4.
(U) Element Level-Modifiers
(U) "Modifiers" can be thought of as a clarification of the "attributes" level.
Elements are assigned membership values by asking a question similar to, "If the function of the
target is production, and vehicles are being produced, then what kind of vehicles are they?"
There are 36 "modifiers" elements, and only element 66 requires further explanation:
B-2
UNCLASSIFIED
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : MAD981513PR003000470001-7
:
DRAFT
(66)
Symbiotic: symbiotic relationships not subsumed under natural or ecology (e.g., a
cogeneration plant).
5.
(U) Element Level-Objects
(U) "Objects" contains specific elements not necessarily related to function.
Elements are assigned membership values on the basis of the presence or absence of each object
in terms of functional importance. There are 47 "objects" elements, and the following require
further explanation:
(77)
Catwalk: elevated walkway.
(79)
Coastline: used only as coastline of an ocean.
(88)
High-Technology Electronics: silicon-based technology.
(95)
Port/Harbor: port should be marked as in port of departure (e.g., airport, train
station, seaport).
(116) Water-Bounded: only completely bounded bodies of water (e.g., pool or pond).
(117) Water-Canal: manmade.
(118) Water-Large Expanse: the San Francisco Bay should be marked as a large
expanse.
(119) Water-River: also includes stream.
6. (U) Element Level-General/Abstract Items
(U) This level contains the most abstract elements. There are 31 elements, and the
following require further explanation:
(121) Activity-Active: predominant visually active (e.g., an accelerator is very active
electromagnetically, but would be considered passive, because there is little visual
activity); potential activity is considered as passive.
(122) Activity-Passive: predominant visually passive (e.g., a ballpark is passive most of
the time).
(123) Activity-Flowing (Water, Air, etc.): can be natural (e.g. creek) or manmade.
(128) Ambience-Dangerous: perceived and/or physically dangerous.
(140) . Colorful: to be used only if especially characteristic.
(141) Modern: to be used only if especially characteristic.
(142) Odd/Surprising: to be used only if especially characteristic.
(143) Old: to be used only if especially characteristic.
(144) Personnel-Few: 1 to 10 employees mostly full-time.
(145) Personnel-Many: 10 to 1000 employees mostly full-time.
(146) Personnel-None: no full-time employees, but occasional human attention is
allowed.
(148) Size-Large (University Campus): represents a "campus" size area.
(149) Size-Medium (Building): size of typical single buildings.
(150) Size-Small (Human): typically, the size of a human (i.e., 6 feet)
(151) Dull: to be used only if especially characteristic of the color.
B-3
UNCLASSIFIED
:
DRAFT
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000470001-7