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Phenomenological Research
and
Analysis
Technical Volume (U)
8 May 1992
SAIC
®
Science Applications International Corporation
An Employee-Owned Company
Authors:
Edwin C. May, Ph.D. and Wanda L. W. Luke
Presented to:
U. S. Government
Contract MDA908-91-C-0037
Submitted by:
Science Applications International Corporation
Cognitive Sciences Laboratory
1010 El Camino Real, Suite 330
Menlo Park, California 94025
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
OBJECTIVE (U)
1
II.
APPROACH (U)
2
6.
Specific Tasks (U)
2
7.
Quick Reaction Capability (QRC) (U)
8
III.
GLOSSARY (U)
9
IV.
REFERENCES (U)
10
V.
MOSSBAUER BACKGROUND (U)
11
VI.
RESUMES (U)
22
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I. OBJECTIVE (U)
(U) The objective of this effort is to continue the work being conducted under contract
MDA908-91-C-0037 by extending the analysis of the data and adopting approaches that were devel-
oped to conduct specific experiments.
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II. APPROACH (U)
(U) For convenience, the section numbering matches that of the Statement of Work (SOW) from re-
quest for quote RSQ-4.
6. Specific Tasks (U)
(U) The specific tasks are modest extension of those that are currently being investigated. In most
cases, they involve analysis of existing data or involve the implementation of experiments that were de-
signed under the current effort.
6.1 Basic Research (U)
(U) Basic research of anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) is defined as that activity that is primarily
designed to understand the parameters of and theoretical basis for AMP.
6.1.1 Biophysical Measurements (Follow-on to SOW 6.3.1*) (U)
6.1.1.1 Magnetoencephalograph / Electroencephalograph Correlation (U)
(U) The trend in some magnetoencephalograph (MEG) laboratories has been to collect magnetic and elec-
trical data simultaneously. Thus, for some measurements, it may be possible to correlate the results from
the two techniques. We propose to conduct a literature search for such studies and conduct a meta-analysis
on the pertinent papers to determine the degree to which EEG may be substituted for MEG. In particular,
we will examine experiments that do not involve precise source localizations within the brain.
6.1.1.2 Magnetoencephalograph Data Analysis (U)
(U) The magnetoencephalograph database consists of 11 blocks of data obtained from an earlier pro-
gram and an additional 80 blocks obtained in the current program. Altogether there are brain-wave
data for over 9,000 remote stimuli (i.e., stimuli that are sensorially and physically isolated from a receiv-
ert), a similar amount for pseudo stimuli (i.e., randomly placed time markers generated during the ex-
periment), and additional 9,000 stimuli of each type that were collected as a control (i.e., identical cir-
cumstances as in the experiment, but without a receiver being present). We propose to apply the
following analysis techniques to this substantial database.
a. Efficient Phase-Shift Calculations (U)
(U) The primary purpose for the collection of magnetoencephalograph data is to determine the degree
to which remote stimuli affects the phase of the primary alpha rhythm. There is a vast literature dating
back to the 1930s suggesting that a relaxed brain, which is producing sustained alpha bursts, reacts to
weak external stimuli with a phase shift of that alpha activity.
* All follow-on SOWs refer to the current contract PR330/012Z/91.
t Please refer to the Glossary (Section III) for a definitions of terms.
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(U) To study alpha-phase shifts in an efficient way, it is important to present stimuli only when the sub-
ject is producing alpha; however, the effort under SOW 6.3.1 in PR 330/012Z/91 was an attempt to repli-
cate a similar experiment conducted in 1988. The protocol for data collection was constrained to match
that study, and therefore presented stimuli randomly.1*
(U) We propose to reevaluate the alpha-phase shifts for all the data collected under PR 330/012Z/91. In this
new analysis we will compute the phase shifts for only those stimuli that happen to occur within an appropri-
ate alpha burst. We will use pseudo stimuli that meet this constraint as within-run controls and generate
Monte-Carlo stimuli only within alpha bursts during which no other stimuli occurred. Standard statistical
methods will be used to compute effect sizes and evaluate the observed phase shifts.
b. Higher Order Spectral Processing (U)
(U) Fourier-based spectrum estimation techniques have proven valuable for the analysis of signals in
the frequency domain. These techniques use only second-order statistical information; thus, they as-
sume that the signals are Gaussian. In fact, most real-world signals are not Gaussian; hence, there is
usually much more information in a stochastic non-Gaussian or deterministic signal than is conveyed by
its autocorrelation or spectrum. Higher-order spectra are defined in terms of the higher order statistics
of the signal; therefore they can proved non-linear information.2,3 An additional benefit is realized
because all Gaussian noise vanishes, and thus any non-linear signals are more easily detected.
(U) One such higher-order technique is the bi-spectrum. Preliminary application of the bi-spectrum of
the MEG data has produced promising results. It appears that remote stimuli produce significantly
different bi-spectra than those observed in non-stimulus intervals.
c. Wavelet Analysis (U)
(U) Recent work has produced techniques for representing signals in terms of a set of orthogonal basis
functions with local support. While such a method was thought impossible for many years, recent re-
search has shown that an infinite number of such basis function sets exist.4,5 These basis functions con-
sist of dilations and translations of a "mother wavelet" function which is zero outside of some range.
Since they are an orthogonal and complete set, the wavelet transform is information preserving, that is,
the original signal can be reconstructed from the wavelet coefficients without error.
(U) The wavelet coefficients are generated by correlating these functions with the signal at every posi-
tion, with wavelets on every scale. In this way, features in the signal can be located in time with great
precision; hence, these methods could prove highly effective in clearly indicating the discontinuity
which is thought to occur at the time of the remote stimulus.
d. Time-Frequency Distributions (U)
(U) Time-frequency distributions describe how the spectral content of a signal changes over time. They
consist of a set of methods which represent the energy or intensity of a signal simultaneously in time and
frequency. The spectrogram, which used windowed short-term Fourier transforms to produce a local
estimate of the spectrum, was an early method of this sort. It had a severe disadvantage: small windows
provided good time localization put poor frequency resolution; large windows produced the opposite
problem. The Wigner distribution was developed to alleviate this problem, but was found to introduce
serious artifacts with certain signals.
* References may be found in Section IV.
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(U) More recent methods showing better performance include the Wigner-Ville distribution6 and the
Choi-Williams distribution.7 Both of these improve time and frequency resolution while suppressing
unwanted artifacts. Since these distributions are complex, their transfer functions provide both gain
and phase information.
e. Cyclostationarity (U)
(U) Most conventional signal processing methods treat random signals as if they were statistically sta-
tionary. If the parameters of the underlying signal-generating mechanisms are time varying, as they are
in brain-wave data, then this assumption is invalid and other techniques must be used to extract impor-
tant properties of the signal. For example, a signal whose autocorrelation function fluctuates periodi-
cally with time is said to exhibit second-order cyclostationarity. A number of signal processing methods
can extract information from such signals.8
(U) By constructing time intervals that are symmetric around the remote or pseudo stimulus, we can
produce pseudo periodic signals that are likely to exhibit properties that can be extracted by cyclosta-
tionary processing methods.
f.
Conclusion (U)
(U) Since the underlying physical process which produces signals is poorly understood, it is impossible
to predict which of these signal analysis techniques will yield the best results. However, a systematic
program of applying these methods to the MEG data will greatly increase the probability that a genuine
physiological response can be detected and measured with much higher confidence levels.
6.2 Data Patterns/Correlations (Follow-on to SOW 6.3.2) (U)
(U) The search for patterns or correlations within anomalous cognition (AC) is part of basic research.
6.2.1 Sender/No-Sender Analysis (U)
a. Sender/No-Sender in the Ganzfeld (U)
(U) Under the current contract, we initiated two investigations of whether the quality of AC depends upon
a sender. We let a subcontract to Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL) to perform a meta-analysis
of the pertinent literature to determine the appropriate parameters for a Ganzfeld study of the sender
condition. The Ganzfeld is a protocol for conducting a type of AC experiment. PRL was also tasked to
design an appropriate experiment using the results from the meta-analysis. Unfortunately, the number of
previous Ganzfeld experiments was insufficient to determine heuristic parameters. Instead, PRL drew
from its 20 years of Ganzfeld experience and designed an appropriate experiment.
(U) We propose to continue this effort by tasking PRL to conduct approximately 70 Ganzfeld trials with
novice receivers (i.e., first-timers) as screening/selection for the multi-condition sender-environment ex-
periment. One of the most important elements in any AC experiment is to identify individuals who can
demonstrate high quality results. This is particularly important if, as in this case, the primary experiment is
designed to examine the effect of an independent variable. Thus, this preliminary screening effort is critical
to understanding the role of the sender in AC experiments.
(U) Besides the usual judging and analysis implied by the Ganzfeld protocol, the data from the screen-
ing/selection experiment will also be examined with regard to six facets of extroversion. Honorton et al.
have shown that the degree of extroversion is important in quality AC, and, thus, this variable is impor-
tant to the success of the main experiment.9
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a. Sender/No-Sender with Static and Dynamic Targets (U)
(U) Using the AC database that was obtained under the existing contract, we will apply fuzzy set theory to
search for target/receiver properties that yield higher quality AC. Under an earlier program, we applied
fuzzy set theory to the analysis of AC. In particular, we developed fuzzy set representations of all the static
targets used in the current study. They were encoded with 131 separate visual target elements; therefore, to
capitalize on this earlier work, we will examine our AC result from this particular viewpoint.10
(U) Under the current program we have developed an "adaptive" fuzzy set algorithm that will be able to
determine which, if any, of these 131 target elements were responsible for receivers' improved AC qual-
ity. In the adaptive method, fuzzy sets are modified in accedence with a receiver's historical perfor-
mance, and the modified version is applied to new data. The historical record is then updated to ac-
count for the results of that additional analysis.
(U) We propose to apply these techniques to approximately 250 AC trials. This analysis will cover the
four combinations of sender/no-sender and static/dynamic targets that were used in the current study.
6.2.2 MEG/EEG Parameter Search (U)
(U) During a previous program, we tasked Psi Sources of Information Center to place the literature of all
English language parapsychological technical journals into a computerized database. From that time, Ms.
Rhea White has maintained that database, which now includes abstracts of all technical articles dating back
to the early 1900s. We propose to use this database to examine all relevant MEG/EEG data and worldwide
AC research to identify key performance and target pattern parameters (e.g., physical, psychological, bio-
physical). If enough studies identify a specific parameter, we propose to conduct a formal meta-analysis of
that parameter to determine its effect upon performance quantitatively.
6.3 Applied Research (Follow-on to SOW 6.2.3.3) (U)
(U) Applied research of AMP is defined as that activity that is primarily designed to improve the quality
of experimental results.
6.3.1 Long Distance AC Experiment (U)
(U) Under the current contract, we developed a two-by-five error-correcting block code, which we applied
to an AC experiment. The objective was to increase the reliability of detecting AC and to explore its poten-
tial for communications. In that effort, receivers were not monitored and target feedback was sometimes
significantly delayed. In addition, the receivers were allowed to respond to an intended target at any time
during a one-week interval.
(U) We propose to improve upon this protocol and apply the techniques to testbeds that are similar to
potential applications. Specifically, each AC trial will be monitored at a site designated by the contract-
ing office's technical representative, and each AC trial will be conducted in real time. Feedback and a
portion of the analysis will be provided immediately.
(U) We plan to explore a number of analytical techniques to determine the optimal technique for po-
tential applications. They will include "crisp" answers (i.e., either "yes" or "no" to a predefined set of
questions) for the input to the two-by-five block code and "fuzzy" answers (i.e., receivers express the
degree of confidence in their answers to each question) to the same questionnaire. In the latter case, we
will use a rich set of standard fuzzy set mathematical techniques in the analysis.
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6.4 Theoretical Issues (Follow-on to SOW 6.2.5) (U)
(U) As part of basic research, theoretical issues address potential underlying mechanisms for AMP.
6.4.1 Nuclear Mossbauer Effect (U)
(U) We propose to construct an anomalous perturbation (AP) experiment using the nuclear Mossbauer
effect. Sometimes referred to as gamma raw resonance spectroscopy, using the Mossbauer effect is an
extremely precise way of measuring the electromagnetic environment at the nuclear site within an
atomic lattice and measuring the structure of the nucleus, itself. The nuclear environment is impervious
to external factors. Experiments that use the Mossbauer effect are also exquisitely sensitive. Because it
is inherently controlled, a Mossbauer set-up is ideal for the study of AP. An overview of the Mossbauer
effect can be found in Section V, Mossbauer Background.
(U) In a Mossbauer AP experiment, an individual watches a dynamic display of gamma ray absorption
as feedback. He or she is instructed to use mental strategies to affect the absorption, and thus the nu-
clear properties, in predetermined ways. For example, the instructions might suggest to increase or de-
crease or shift the location of the maximum absorption. Random control periods (i.e., no human effort
to modify the absorption) are intermixed with effort periods. Statistical comparison is made between
these periods and both are compared to long-term, stable measurements of the unattended apparatus.
(U) To our knowledge, no other AP experiment has exclusively attempted to modify nuclear properties;
therefore, this exploratory experiment must be considered a pilot effort. Should we observe potential
AP effects, we will recommend an extension to verify that the effects cannot be accounted for by known
interactions.
6.4.2 Theoretical Models (U)
(U) We propose to explore at least two theoretical approaches toward understanding the physics of AC.
The heuristic observables are the following:
(1) Information, albeit noisy, "propagates" from point A to point B regardless of the spatial or tempo-
ral separation.
(2) The quality of the reception appears to be proportional to target complexity.
(U) The first of these suggests that a four-dimensional, non-electromagnetic model is appropriate. The
second implies a relationship to thermodynamic entropy, but at the present, there is no known propaga-
tion mechanism for "pure" information.
(U) All theoretical approaches to these two questions will be constrained toward testable hypotheses.
We suspect that if a reasonable theoretical model can be developed, that it will entail physics implica-
tions that can be tested by traditional experimentation.
6.5 Research Methodology (Follow-on to SOW 6.4) (U)
6.5.1 Committees (U)
(U) As a continuation of the current program, we propose to the use the three existing committees,
which are in place, as support and quality control for methodological and policy issues. These commit-
tees are:
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(U) The Scientific Oversight Committee (SOC). The five voting members of the SOC are respected
scientists from the following disciplines: physics, astronomy, statistics, neuroscience, and psychology.
Since the time of the original proposal, we have added Professor of Neuroscience Steven A. Hillyard of
the University of California at San Diego. His resume is include in Section IV.
(U) The SOC is tasked with three major responsibilities:
· Review and approve all experimental protocols prior the collection of data.
· Critically review all experimental final reports as if they were submissions to technical scientific jour-
nals. All remarks are in writing and are included in the technical final report to the sponsor.
· Suggest directions for further research.
(U) In addition to these three responsibilities, the SOC members are encouraged to exercise un-announced
drop-in privileges to view experiments in progress.
(U) Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB's responsibility is to assure the safety of human sub-
jects in experiments and to assure the sponsor that all research involving the use of human subjects is in
compliance with all appropriate federal regulations. The IRB members represent the health, legal, and
spiritual professions in accordance with government guidelines. The membership is as follows:
. Gary R. Fujimoto, M.D.
Occupational Medicine, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
· Byron Wm. Brown, Jr., Ph.D.
Biostatistics, Stanford University
. John Hanley, M.D.
Neuropsychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles
· Robert B. Livingston, M.D.
Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego
. Robin P. Michelson, M.D.
Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco
Buddhist Studies, Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, CA
. Ronald Y. Nakasone, Ph.D.
. Louis J. West, M.D.
Neuropsychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles
Air Force Science Advisory Board
. Garrison Rapmund, M.D.
(S/NF) Policy Oversight Committee (POC). The POC's responsibility is to advise SAIC and assure the
Defence Intelligence Agency that the activity under this contract fulfills the requirements of the
Intelligence Community (IC) and the Department of Defence (DOD). In addition, the POC recom-
mends policy for the establishment of a long-term program for the application of anomalous mental
phenomena to problems of interest to the DOD and the IC.
6.5.2 Management and Research Support (U)
(U) We will provide technical, management, and administrative support for all research activity.
SG1B
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7. Quick Reaction Capability (QRC) (U)
(S/NF) We propose to reserve approximately five percent of the program effort in order to respond rap-
idly to the sponsor's request for briefings, conference attendence, or unanticipated experiment or ap-
plication requirements.
.
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III. GLOSSARY (U)
(U) Not all the terms defined below are germane to this report, but they are included here for complete-
ness. In a typical anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) task, we define:
· AC-A form of information transfer in which all known sensorial stimuli are absent. That is, some
individuals are able to gain access, by as yet an unknown process, to information that is not available
to the known sensorial channels.
· Receiver-An individual who attempts to perceive and report information about a target.
· Agent-An individual who attempts to influence a target system.
· Target-An item that is the focus of an AMP task (e.g., person, place, thing, event).
· Target Designation-A method by which a specific target, against the backdrop of all other possible
targets, is identified to the receiver (e.g., geographical coordinates).
· Sender/Beacon-An individual who, while receiving direct sensorial stimuli from an intended target,
acts as a putative transmitter to the receiver.
· Monitor-An individual who monitors an AC session to facilitate data collection.
· Session-A time period during which AC data are collected.
· Protocol-A template for conducting a structured data collection session.
· Response-Material that is produced during an AC session in response to the intended target.
· Feedback-After a response has been secured, information about the intended target is displayed to
the receiver.
· Analyst-An individual who provides a quantitative measure of AC.
Speciality- A given receiver's ability to be particularly successful with a given class of targets (e.g.,
people as opposed to buildings).
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IV. REFERENCES (U)
(U) All the following references are unclassified.
1. E. C. May and W. L. W. Luke, "Technical Protocol for the MEG Investigation," Protocol Submitted to
the Scientific Oversight Committee, Science Applications International Corporation, The Cognitive
Sciences Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (August 1991) UNCLASSIFIED.
2. J. M. Mendel, "Signal Processing and System Theory: Theoretical Results and Some Aplications,"
Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 278-305 (March 1991) UNCLASSIFIED.
3. C. L. Nikias and M. R. Raghuveer, "Bispectrum Estimation: A Digital Signal Processing
Framework," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 75, No. 7, pp. 869-891 (July 1987) UNCLASSIFIED.
4. I. Daubenchies, "Orthonormal Basis of Compactly Supported Wavelets," Communications on
Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. XLI, pp. 909-996 (1988) UNCLASSIFIED.
5. E. C. Heil and D. Walnut, "Continuous and DIscrete Wavelet Transforms," SLAM Review, Vol 31,
No. 4, pp. 628-666 (December 1989) UNCLASSIFIED.
6. L. Cohen, "Time-Frequency Distributions-A Review," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 77, No. 7,
(July 1989) UNCLASSIFIED.
7. H. I. Choi and W. J. Williams, "Improved Time-Frequency Representation of Multicomponent
Signals Using Exponential Kernals," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
Processing, Vol 37, No. 6, pp. 862-871 (June 1989) UNCLASSIFIED.
8. W. A. Gardner "Exploitation of Spectral Redundancyh in Cyclostationary Signals," IEEE Signal
Processing Magazine, (April 1991) UNCLASSIFIED.
9. C. Honorton, D. C. Ferrari, and D. J. Bem, "Extraversion and ESP Performance: Meta-Analysis
and a New Confirmation," Proceedings of the Parapsychological Association 33rd Annual
Convention, Chevy Chase, MD (August 1990) UNCLASSIFIED.
10. E. C. May, J. M. Utts, W. L. W. Luke, T. J. Frivold, and V. V. Trask, "Advances in Remote-Viewing
Analysis," Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 54, pp. 194-228 (September 1990) UNCLASSIFIED.
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V. MOSSBAUER BACKGROUND (U)
(U) This Section is entirely unclassified.
Gamma Ray and Gamma Ray Resonance Spectroscopy
by
Jon J. Spijkerman
Frank J. Davies
Kah Nee Ona
Tamara L. Steele
May 17, 1991
Ranger Scientific, Inc.
7101 Stephenson-Levey Road
Burleson, TX 76028
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INTRODUCTION
Resonance phenomena are today a very direct
part of our lives. They are used in radio, tuning
in a station or selecting a TV channel, in
microwave cooking and heating, store security
and many other daily uses. It was Lord Rayleigh
who, a century ago, first suggested that
resonance scattering should occur in atomic
systems.
Gamma ray Resonance Spectroscopy (GRS),
also known as The Mossbauer Effect, was
discovered by Rudolf L. Mossbauer in 1957, at
the time a graduate student at the University of
Heidelberg in Germany. Mossbauer was
interested in the line shape (profile) of gamma
radiation. It was a known fact that gamma rays,
photon 'particles", would give a recoil to the
nucleus which emitted the gamma ray. The
gamma ray would therefore have a lower energy.
Similarly, if the gamma ray were to strike another
nucleus its energy must be higher, in order to be
absorbed and also to provide the absorber recoil
energy. This energy can be provided by heating
the gamma ray source, since this raises the
average velocity of the atoms in the source and
therefore the energy. Both positive and negative
velocities will be present and thus the line shape
of the gamma ray will be broadened. This line
broadening is known as a Doppler broadening.
The energy lost to recoil could now be
compensated for by raising the temperature.
Mossbauer's initial experiment was very
straightforward, consisting of a gamma ray
source, an absorber, and a counter to detect the
gamma radiation. As the temperature of the
source and absorber was raised, the count rate
of unabsorbed gamma rays went down since the
increase in thermal energy compensated for the
energy lost in recoil. This is shown in figure 1.
To obtain a reference count rate, Mossbauer
cooled the source and absorber to liquid nitrogen
temperature. There the count rate should have
been the highest, but to his amazement, it was
not. Mossbauer interpreted this effect as a
recoil-free emission and absorption at lower
temperatures. This obviously violates the
principles of conservation of energy and
momentum and was, at first, not well accepted.
Mossbauer continued his work at the University
of Munich, Germany, and his experiments were
soon confirmed at other laboratories. R. L.
Mossbauer was awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physics in 1961. Within a decade (GRS) became
a standard tool, with applications in Physics,
Chemistry, Metallurgy, Mineralogy, Geology, and
Biology.
DECREASING
TEMPERATURE
Figure 1. Increased overlap of source and absorber line
profiles, moved apart as a result of recoil, due to Doppler
broadening with temperature.
M(E)
.. Recoil
Recoil
৳. Doppler Broadening
4
a. Recoilless Daission
1
Z
Figure 2. Classical analogy of a boat firing a cannon in a
choppy lake, then "freezing the lake."
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The Mossbauer Effect is a quantum
phenomenon. However, some of its basic
characteristics may be easily understood through
a classical analogy. The analogy developed by
Frauenfelder in Ref. 1 is particularly apt. He
likens the gamma ray source to a cannon firing at
a target. The statistical spread of the impacts is
the natural line width. If the cannon is tiring from
a boat, it will recoil so that the center of the
impact distribution is shifted to a shorter range
(lower value of energy for the gamma ray), as in
Fig. 2a.
Doppler broadening can be represented by
placing the boat in a choppy sea. Since the aim
is much less accurate, the distribution of impacts
is broadened (Fig. 2b.). The Mossbauer Effect is
made possible by "freezing the lake,' so that
recoil and Doppler broadening are eliminated
(Fig. 2c). In the actual source and absorber, this
is done by locking the atoms in a crystal lattice.
To observe the Resonance Effect, we must
change the energy of the gamma ray by a small
amount. We can use the Doppler shift to our
advantage. Instead of Doppler broadening, we
can use a coherent Doppler shift, or Doppler
modulation, by giving the entire source a known
velocity. The line width of the source and the line
width of the absorber overlap by a differenct
amount for each velocity.
If total transmission is plotted against velocity, the
absorption curve will be observed to have a line
width twice that of either source or absorber.
(See Fig. 3).
A. A.
Emission Line
Absorption Line
saarax
cpm
Velocity
Transmission Spectrum
Figure 3. Doubling of observed linewidth
THEORY
As was pointed out in the introduction, eliminating
the recoil given to the nucleus by the emitted
gamma ray is the first prerequisite for the
Mossbauer Effect. If the nucleus is initially at
rest, its momentum after emission is
Pn =- Py=Ey/c.
The recoil energy imparted to the nucleus by the
leaving gamma ray is then
3/2M= 1
Y
2Mc2
[1 ]
Here M is the mass of the nucleus. For a
gamma ray of 14.4 keV, this recoil energy is 2 X
10~ eV. To explain the Resonance Effect, we
must not use the mass of the nucleus in equation
1, but the mass of the crystal to which the
nucleus is bound. This recoil free process is also
demonstrated in X-rays by the Bragg reflection
from a crystal. The recoil energy then becomes
vanishingly small. The binding energy plays a
very important role in the Mossbauer Effect. If
the recoil energy ER is larger than the binding
energy, the recoil-free process will not take place.
Thermal vibrations due to higher temperature can
also destroy the recoil-free emission and
absorption. Equation (1) therefore places limits
on when the Mossbauer effect will take place.
We must have a solid or very large molecule so
that ER becomes vanishingly small, and the
gamma ray energy must be low so that ER is
LESS THAN THE BINDING ENERGY OF THE
NUCLEUS. Many isotopes have shown the
Mossbauer Effect, but Fe57 has the best
properties for our purpose. The source used for
Fe57 Resonance spectroscopy is Co57, with the
radio-active decay scheme and the
corresponding radiation emitted by this source is
shown in figure 3. Cobalt has a positive nuclear
charge of 27. The nucleus captures an electron,
to reduce the charge to 26, and balances the
energy by emitting three gamma rays, 14.4 keV,
122 keV, and 136 keV. The electron capture
leaves a hole in the elctron shell, which is
promptly filled producing 6.3 keV and lower
energy X-rays. The 14.4 keV gamma ray shown
in the energy level diagram of figure 4 is used in
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Technical [Aropproosadd For Release UNOMASSIFIEDP96-00789R003100170001-9
57Fe
57Co (radioactive, t1/2= 270 days)
I
keV
. 188
5/2
0.7064
ELECTRON
CAPTURE
984
3/2
0.3668
10 MAK₦ T-roy
M
5/2
t (1/2)
- 8
sec
0.13632
t
90 7.J K+ Internal
Conversion Elecvons
111
89%
1000 X 4 KWV
Recol tree y -ray
- 63 5.6 KaY Auger Electrons
27 6 3 KW X-ray
t (1/2) = 98 n sec
0.01439
3/2_
90%
INTERNAL
CONVERSION
10%
GRS
1/2
Cobalt-57 Decay Scheme
the Mossbauer Effect. The 122 keV transition
does not go to the ground state, and the 136 keV
gamma ray is too energetic for a usable effect.
The line shape of the recoil free 14.4 keV
radiation is a Lorentzian profile, or
2
[2]
Where Eo is the gamma ray energy and r is
the halfwidth. The halfwidth or line width can be
calculated from the uncertainty principle, and the
lifetime of the excited state. The uncertainty
principle states that
ΔΕ· Δτ ="
[3 ]
Where > is Planck's constant divided by 2 Tr.
The lifetime of the 14.4 keV level can be
determined by measuring the 1.4 X 107 second
delay between the 122 keV and 14.4 keV
radiation, because the lifetime of the 122 keV
level is 50 times shorter than that of the 14.4 keV
level. This corresponds to a line width of 4.670
X 10° eV. The resolution required to observe
this line is E /r or about 1012.
To distinguish this narrow band of recoil free
radiation from non-recoil free radiation using a
gamma detector is hopeless, since the detectors
have at the best a 10% resolution. Gamma ray
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Decay events following the excitation of the "'Fe nucleus, indicating the relative
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Technical Papposald For ReleaseUN@LASSUAEDP96-00789R003100170001-9
spectrometers using a diffracting crystal can do a
thousand times better, but this still leaves a factor
of 10º. However, we can use the source and
absorber technique with the Doppler effect. This
time we do not raise the temperature, but move
either the source or the absorber at various
velocities. The Doppler effect is given by
V=vo(1+2)
[4]
Where v. is the transition frequency of the
stationary absorber and v the frequency of the
source moving at a velocity v.
Re-writing equation 4,
VEVO+VOZ
and
Av=v-VOEVod
or
th.
>10
[5]
Since E = tv. E. is the basic transition energy,
14.4 keV. If we use the values for $7Fe, the
velocity required to shift the line by one line width
is 0.19 mm/sec. Plotting the count rate as a
function of velocity gives the familiar absorption
pattern, as shown in figure 5.
The recoil-free emission and absorption was not
the only surprise of this new effect. When an iron
foil was used for an absorber, a six line
absorption pattern as in figure 6 was observed
and identified as a nuclear Zeeman effect
brought about by the iron's internal magnetic
field.
Iron compounds used for absorbers gave a
variety of spectra, and the simple energy level
diagram of figure 4 could no longer explain the
observed results. There were other interactions
(forces) present, previously completely obscured.
With the ultra precise energy measuring capability
of the Mossbauer Effect it was possible to
determine the energy and derive the nature of
these interactions. For this analysis we must first
look at the nucleus and its electron cloud. There
are three electron-nuclear (hyperfine) interactions:
I (Nucleus)
.
2 .- 14.4kov
Isomer Shift
Quadrupole splitting
0
0
0
Figure 5. Electric Quadrupole Splitting
(a) Electric Monopole (EO) which results in the
isomer shift (Fig. 5) and originates in the
Coulomb potential between the nucleus and the
surrounding electron cloud. Since the chemical
valence is determined partially by the number of
electrons associated with the iron, there is a
strong relation between the isomer shift and
valence state. See Experiment 1.
MI
I(Queleus )
1
-
2 - 14.X Kev
's
+
Isomer Shift
Zeeman Splitting
Figure 6. Magnetic splitting of nuclear levels.
(Nuclear Zeeman Effect).
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(b) Electric Quadrupole (E2).which generates the
quadrupole splitting observed in iron spectra as a
typical doublet line-pattern (Fig. 5). The
asymmetry in the electron cloud forces the
nucleus to align itself either with or across the
electric field gradient, allowing two possible
energy states. See Experiment 3.
(c) Magnetic dipole (M1) with the typical six line
pattern of the nuclear Zeeman effect. For Fe57
the nuclear spin is 3/2 with the four possible
energy states of ttt, it, til and ILI spin
states of the excited state and t or + for the
ground state, resulting in a possible six
transitions. (Fig. 6) The magnitude of the
magnetic field at the nucleus determines the
separation of the six line pattern. For iron metal
this corresponds to a magnetic field at the
nucleus of 331.5 kGauss. See Experiment 4.
INSTRUMENTATION
The GR spectrometer is a computer based
instrument. The computer collects the data,
processes the data for storage on a diskette and
display on the video screen. The data is
analyzed by the computer using a least square
fitting routine.
To understand the operation of the spectrometer,
we will follow the gamma ray from its detection to
the display of its presence on the monitor. When
the y ray enters the detector, the Krypton gas is
ionized into electrons and positive ions, the
number of ion pairs depends on the gamma ray.
energy. The electrons move toward the positively
charged wire in the center of the detector, and
after gaining energy they ionize more atoms, and
the cascade process produces a pulse of
electrical charge at the wire, which is converted
to a voltage pulse by a charge sensitive amplifier.
In this way electronic pulses whose voltages are
proportional to gamma ray energy are produced.
Gamma rays of a certain energy are detected,
and those of higher and lower energy ignored, by
comparing the voltage pulses to an upper
voltage level and lower voltage level in a circuit
known as a discriminator. Those pulses that
cross the lower level (LLD) but not the upper
level (ULD) are registered.
In order to measure the gama ray energy
spectrum, the discriminator window defined by
LLD and ULD is swept over a range, in a
process known as pulse height analysis (PHA).
In practice, the window is repetitively incremented
through 1024 positions. Each of these 1024
positions has a counter, known as a channel,
which counts the gamma rays that pass the
discriminator while the window is in that position.
Thus, as the discriminator window is swept over
a range of energies, an energy spectrum is
accumulated. It is transferred to the computer,
where it is stored and displayed graphically. The
energy calibration of the spectrometer is then
achieved from the channel peak positions of
known energies.
To measure the gamma ray resonance spectrum,
we need to obtain count rate as a function of
doppler velocity. In order to improve signal to
noise ratio in the spectrum, the discriminator is
no longer swept, but set to recognize only the
14.4 KeV gamma rays. The velocity is cyclically
swept, and each of the 1024 channels counts
those gamma rays emitted at a certain velocity.
Over time a spectrum is accumulated, as the
statistical fluctuations due to the random nature
of radioactive decay average out, and the count
rates corresponding to different velocities
become more accurate.
SERVO-AMP
SAMPLE
DETECTOR
H.V.P.S.
.
adjust
TRANSDUCER
GAIN
CONTROL
SCA
DAC
ULD
PHA
LID
INTERFACE
MB
EPROM
PHA
COINCI
X-TAL
CONTROL
LOGIC
COMPUTER
INTERFACE
MEMORY
286 COMPUTER
Figure 7. Block diagram of spectrometer
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CONTROL

Technical Proposeed For ReleaseUN@LASStAEDP96-00789R003100170001-9
A block diagram of the spectrometer is shown in
figure 7. The data from the memory in the
MS-1500 is transferred to the computer via DMA
(direct memory access). The interface control
translates the computer key board functions to
adjust the High Voltage power supply (HVPS), the
gain of the proportional counter pulse amplifier,
the upper and lower discriminator, the Doppler
velocity amplitude, and the selection of GRS or
GS and PHA or PHS. The interface control also
has additional ports for temperature control and
frequency generator for the advanced
experiments.
Experimental Techniques
The absorbers supplied with the spectrometer
are encapsulated in plastic.
Optimum thickness is a function of three factors:
the atomic absorption, the number of Mossbauer
nuclei per unit area, and the production of
scattered radiation by the absorber. The
attenuation of the absorber can be expressed as
T/I === (-H/p) (px)
[6]
where u/p is the mass absorption coefficient in
cm2/g, and px is the absorber thickness in g/cm2.
The attenuation coefficient for 14.4 KeV gamma
rays is given in Fig. 8.
160
140
ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT (G='/9)
120
100
V
20
x10
0
10
20
30
60
70
-
Figure 8. Attenuation coefficient for 14.4keV gamma
radiation as a function of element.
Generally, 30% transmission should be used for
an initial trial, as judged from the pulse height
spectrum. This should also give a good measure
of the Compton scattering which is hard to
calculate for different absorbers. The 14.4 KeV
peak should be at least 20% above the
background, in the pulse height spectrum. Too
thick an absorber will cause line broadening, as
shown in Experiment 1 (Ref. 2, pp. 32-33).
Position of the absorber is not critical, although if
the Comption scattering is large, the absorber
should be placed closer to the source to
minimize inverse-square-law distortions.
Many materials are suitable for mounting
absorbers. Plexiglass and polyethylene are most
suitable, if their iron content is low. Clear plastic
tape is convenient for quickly mounting a powder
sample - simply sprinkle the powder onto the
sticky surface. Samples in solution may be
allowed to dry on filter paper. Samples may be
mixed with epoxy and cast between two glass
plates which have been previously coated with
silicon release compound. In all cases, a mount
without the sample should also be prepared, to
measure its attenuation.
Foils, thin films, and paper samples may be
mounted in standard 2 × 2 inch cardboard slide
mounts for convenience in handling.
EXPERIMENTS
1. Uncertainty Principle Measurement of
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that any
measurement to determine the energy of system
requires at least a time
AE. T=h
[7]
or the finite life time of the excited state means a
given line width I' of the emitted radiation, or
[8 ]
The lifetime of the excited state has been
measured at 98 n sec. We now can calculate
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Technical Approved For Release 00114ASS+FAIEDP96-00789R003100170001-9
from a careful measurement of the line width I
of the resonant line, and make corrections for
the experimental conditions;
a. Line Broadening
Increasing the thickness of the iron absorber not
only reduces the intensity of transmitted gamma
rays by
[=l_e -**
but broadens the transmitted linewidth. It can be
shown that the effective thickness of the absorber
becomes:
T=f.nao.t,
[9]
where f, = fraction of recoil free y rays in
absorber
n = number of atoms per unit area (cm2)
in the path
og = absorption cross section (15 x 10-19
cm2 for iron)
a = natural abundance (.0217 for iron)
t = thickness (cm)
The fraction of effect then becomes:
N _- No
N -B
[ 10 ]
where N _= transmission intensity off resonance
No = transmission intensity for absorption
B = non-Mossbauer transmission
intensity (background)
f. = fraction of recoil free y rays from
source
Background in this case should be meaured with
the source and all absorbers in place as when
taking the spectrum, but with the aperture in the
Proportional Counter tube's lead shield covered
with a piece of 1/8 inch aluminum or 1/4 inch
plexiglass.
The amount of line broadening is then given by
r,=(2 + 0.27T ) I'natural
[ 11 ]
To obtain I natural, plot the line width of the 4
single line absorbers against the T of these
absorbers containing various concentrations of
iron. Use f. = . 9 for the source and f. = 0.6 for
the absorber.
b. The Cosine Effect
Since the Doppler shift is defined by
w. 1. .. ]
AF - Y cos &
. [ 12 ]
Calculate the maximum error in the line width
measurement from the geometry of one
experiment.
2. Debve Temperature
The Mossbauer Effect may be explained by
means of the uncertainty principle. The wave
function of an atom in a crystal is limited to a
region of space AX. It has an uncertainty in
momentum of WAX. If WAX of the atom is
larger than the momentum NK of the y-ray, there
is a possibility of absorbing the recoil without
changing the state of the atom. The condition for
a large fraction of recoilless emission is x A X <
1. The probability of finding the lattice in the
same state after emission is
‹G | exp - * * |G > | 2
[ 13 ]
where G> is the wave function of the lattice, «
the wave vector of the gamma-ray and & the
position of the emitting atom. If the initial states
are occupied with probability, gG in thermal
equilibrium, then the fraction of recoilless
emission is
(1) = [g | G| exp -* * | G >|2 [14]
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For a harmonic solid the probability of recoilless
emission or absorption is given by exp [ - x2< x2
> T ], where x is the wave vector of the
gamma-ray, and < x 2 > T is the mean square
displacement < > T denoting thermal average.
If the Debye model is used to describe the solid,
then
0./ T
K2<x2>T = 3.
- 3 En VA (G's
xdx
e' - 1
[ 15 ]
where 0p is called the Debye temperature. Thus,
if the nuclear transition is of low energy and if the
Debye temperature of the crystal is high, then the
probability for recoilless emission or absorption is
high.
The recoil free fraction,
fre -< >>>/12 and
1
E
hc
E,
TT2 T2
+
f=e x0p
12
3
[ 16 ]
2
0
-
Calculate the Debye temperature for the absorber
used in experiment 1.
3. Electric Quadrupole Splitting
The absorber furnished for this experiment gives
a well resolved doublet. Measure the quadrupole
splitting, isomer shift and line width.
4. MAGNETIC DIPOLE SPLITTING: NUCLEAR
ZEEMAN EFFECT IN IRON
Fe57 foil, because of its high intrinsic magnetic
field, is the most convenient sample for observing
the Nuclear Zeeman Effect. Run a Mossbauer
Spectrum with sufficient velocities (± 8 mm/sec)
to observe all six absorption lines. (See Fig. 6)
The ground state in Fe57 foil, with total spin lg =
1/2, is split into two levels of m. = ± 1/2 by the
magnetic field H. The excited state, with I, = 3/2,
is split into four levels of m. = ± 1/2, ± 3/2. The
displacement of each sublevel is given by
AE = - pHm/l, where p = nuclear magnetic
moment, and H = internal magnetic field at the
·nucleus.
The transitions between these levels are then
given by
E-E. 1y +(HOT, HOT)
[ 17 ]
with the limitation of the selection rule that Am =
0, ±1. E', takes into account the isomer shift,
since the six line spectrum does not center on
zero velocity. The nuclear magnetic moments of
the ground state and excited state are u, and H ..
respectively.
Of the four variables u., u., H, and the velocity
calibration of the apparatus, two can be
determined if the other two are known. In
particular, if u, and velocity calibration are
known, H and p. can be calculated. H is given
by the equation above. p. is calculated from the
sublevel displacement,
AE-E -Hall.
Taking AV,= V8 - V, as the difference in velocity
between the last two absorption lines and
substituting I = 3/2, and m = 3/2, 1/2, we find
Av,
E -213 H. H
For the lower level,
AV2= Vs - V3 both originating from the m = ±1/2
upper level). Then
E. - 2 H. H.
[ 18 ]
Eliminating E., H, and c between the two
equations, then
1 .- 3He AVE
AV,
[ 19 ]
ug has been measured to be 0.0903 ± .0007
nuclear magnetons.
Velocity calibration of the apparatus may be
achieved by measuring the separation of the
outermost two lines. The intrinsic magnetic field
of Fe57 at the nucleus is 331.5 Kilogauss.
From the Zeeman splitting, calculated the
following:
a. magnetic moment of the excited state
b. calibration of the spectrometer
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c. line width and amplitude of the resonant lines
5. Antiferromagnetism
Test the sample provided with a bar magnet, and
notice that the material is not magnetic. Set the
velocity range to ± 8 mm/sec, and take a
spectrum.
a. Explain the presence of a magnetic dipole
spectrum
b. Measure the magnetic field, quadrupole
splitting and isomer shift.
6. The Iron Phosphide Paradox
Again, test the sample provided with a bar
magnet, and use a velocity range of ± 8
mm/sec.
a. explain the spectrum
b. analyze the data
c. What could be done to change the spectrum?
7. Polarization of y-rays
The Mossbauer spectrum of iron, seen in
experiment 4, changes when the iron sample is
magnetized- - that is, when all the magnetic
moments are polarized in one direction. The two
samples provided are magnetically polarized
parallel and perpendicular to the beam. From
the theory given in experiment 4,
a. Calculate the line intensities for a parallel and
perpendicular magnetic field.
b. Add the intensities of a, and give the resulting
spectrum.
8. Oxidation States
The classical question of the iron's valence state
in Fe,O, is given a decisive answer by GRS. the
observed absorption curve shows two
superimposed iron spectra, one with an isomer
shift corresponding to a valence of +2, the other
corresponding to a valence of +3. The Fe+3
spectrum has twice the magnitude of the other,
thus showing that two of the iron atoms have
valences of +3, and one has a valence of +2.
Record the spectrum, and analyze the data,
using Mossfit, for
a. Magnetic, quadrupole and isomer shift for
each valence state.
b. Assign these parameters to the Fe+2 and Fe+3
sites.
If you have a problem with the interpretation or
· assigning the resonance lines, use the NiFe2O,
absorber, the resonance lines, use here the Fe+2
lines are missing.
References
1. L. May, ed., An Introduction to Mossbauer
Spectroscopy, New York, 1971 (An excellent
general reference)
2. H. Frauenfelder, The Mossbauer Effect, New
York, 1962 (Contains reprints of many of the
classical papers on the subject).
3. L May and J. J. Spijkerman, "Mossbauer
Spectroscopy," Chemistry, 40 (14 - 17), 1967.
REFERENCES: Experiments
A. J. Bearden and P. L Mattern, Am J. Phys. 3,
109-19(1964), "Mossbauer-Effect Apparatus for
an Advanced Undergraduate Teaching
Laboratory."
N. Benczer-Koller and R. H. Herber,
"Experimental Methods," in Chemical Applications
of Mossbauer Spectroscopy, edited by V. I.
Goldanskii and R. H. Herber (Academic Press,
New York, 1968), pp 114-58.
J. W. Klein and H. Faatz, GIT Fachz. Lab. 13.
741-4 (1969), 'Aufbau eines industriellen
Mossbauer-Spektrometers."
H. Yamamoto, Kinzoku 6, 49-56 (1969),
"Instruments for Mossbauer Effect
Measurements."
J. J. Spijkerman, "Conversion Electron Mossbauer
Spectroscopy." in Mossbauer Effect Methodology
(Seventh Symposium on Mossbauer Effect
Methodology, New York City. January 31, 1971)
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edited by Irwin J. Gruverman (Plenum Press. New
York. 1971). Vol. 7. pp 85-96.
G. M. Kalvius and E. Kankeleit, "Recent
Improvements in Instrumentation and Methods of
Mossbauer Spectroscopy,' in Mossbauer
Spectroscopy and Its Applications. (Proc. of
Panel, Vienna, May 24-28, 1971) edited by (Int.
Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1971), pp 9-88.
E. Kankeleit, "Some Technical Developments in
Mossbauer Spectroscopy," in Proceedings
International Conference on Mossbauer
Spectroscopy. (International Conference on
Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Cracow, Poland,
August 25-30, 1975) edited by A. Z. Hrynkiewicz
and J. A. Sawicki (Wykonano W. Powielarni Akad.
Gorniczo-Hutniczej, Cracow, 1975). Vol 2, pp
43-58.
G. K. Shenoy and F. E. Wagner. "The
Measurement of Isomer Shifts,' in Mossbauer
Isomer Shifts, edited by G. K. Shenoy and F. E.
Wagner (North-Holland Publishing Company,
Amsterdam, 1978), pp 49-110.
R. N. Kuz'min and A. A. Opalenko, Prib. Tekh.
Eksp. 7-16(1981), 'Methods for Generating and
Measuring Pressure in Mossbauer Experiments.'
G. Longworth, Stud. Phys. Theor. Chem. 25,
122-58(1983), "Instrumentation for Mossbauer
Spectroscopy."
A. Deriu, "Methodology of Mossbauer
Spectroscopy." in Proceedings of the School on
Applications of Nuclear Gamma Resonance
Spectroscopy (Mossbauer Spectroscopy)
(Applications of Nuclear Gamma Resonance
Spectroscopy, ICIP, Trieste, Italy, August 11-16,
1986) edited by N. S. Eissa and G. Denardo
(World Scientific Publishing Co., Pte. Ltd.,
Singapore, 1988) pp 65-100.
M. L. Alexandrov and V. P. Andreev, Fresenius Z.
Anal. Chem. 335, 2-8(1989), "Some Aspects of
Analytical Instrumentation: Models, Techniques,
Instruments."
R. Nagarajan, Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. 27.
393-406 (1989), "Instrumentation for Mossbauer
Spectroscopy."
SLIDES
1. PROPORTIONAL COUNTER DESIGN AND
CHARACTERISTICS CURVE
2. CO57 ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAM AND
INTERNAL CONVERSION
4. X-RAY ABSORPTION AND ABSORPTION
EDGES
5.
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE
6.
COMPTON EFFECT THEORY AND
COMPTON SPECTRUM
7.
DOPPLER EFFECT AND GRS
8.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GAMMA
RESONANCE SPECTROMETER
9. RECOIL FREE EMISSION AND
ABSORPTION, OVERLAP INTEGRALS,
CURVE FITTING
10. LINE BROADENING THEORY
11. UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
12. THE DEBYE TEMPERATURE
13. THE GRS PARAMETERS
14. MAGNETIC SPLITTING, CLEBSCH-GORDON
COEFF.AND SELECTION RULES
15. MAGNETIC POLARIZATION
16. MAGNETIC MATERIALS; FERROMAGNETIC,
ANTIFERROMAGNETIC, RELAXATION
17. CURIE AND NEEL TEMPERATURES
18. FM MODULATION OF GAMMA RAYS
19. CONVERSION ELECTRON GRS
20. REFRACTIVE INDEX OF PLASTIC
MEASURED BY GRS
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VI. RESUMES (U)
(U) This section includes only those resumes that were not included in the original proposal.
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA RDP96 00789R003100170001-9
June 10, 1991
SGFOLA3
NAME:
Byron Wm. Brown, Jr.
BORN:
MARITAL
STATUS:
OFFICE
ADDRESS:
Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of
Biostatistics, HRP, Room 114C, Stanford, CA 94305-5092
Phone: (415) 723-5687
HOME
ADDRESS:
SGFOIA3
EDUCATION: University of Minnesota
B.A.
1952
Major: Mathematics
M.A.
1955
University of Minnesota
Major: Statistics
University of Minnesota
Major: Biostatistics
Minor: Mathematics
Ph.D.
1959
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS:
Assistant Professor, Biometry Division
University of Minnesota
-
1959-1961
Associate Professor, Biometry Division
University of Minnesota
1961-1965
Professor and Head, Biometry Division
Director of Graduate Study in Biometry
University of Minnesota
1965-1968
Professor and Head, Division of Biostatistics
Stanford University, California
1968-
Acting Chairman, Department of Family,
Community and Preventive Medicine
Stanford University
1975-1976,
1984
1988-
Chairman, Department of Health
Research and Policy
Stanford University
brown/cv1991
1
SGFOIA3
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1

Byron Wm. Brown, Jr. - Curriculum
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100170001-9
RECOGNITION AND HONORS:
B.A. magna cum laude, Univ. of Minnesota
Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi
Fellow, American Statistical Association
Fellow, Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Who's Who in America; Dictionary of International Biography
Statistics Section Award, American Public Health Assn., 1983
International Institute of Statistics
Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS:
American Statistical Association
Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Biometric Society
American Heart Association
American Association for-the
Advancement of Science
2
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GARY RANDALL FUJIMOTO, M.D.
Address:
Division of Occupational Medicine
Palo Alto Medical Foundation
300 Homer Avenue
Palo Alto, CA 91301
SGFOIA3
Date of Birth:
PRESENT POSITION:
04/88 - present
Medical Director, Occupational Medicine Department, Health Care
Division, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
Medical Director - Travel Medicine Clinic, Palo Alto Medical Foundation,
Palo Alto, CA
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS:
1991 - present
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine
Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
1987 - present
L
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine,
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, CA
1987 - 1989
Clinical Instructor in Medicine, Department of Medicine
Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
1986 - 1988
Associate Chter, Division of Occupational Medicine and
Employee Health Services, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center.
San Jose, CA
1985 - 1987
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California Medical Center, San Diego,
CA
1983 - 1985
Clinical Instructor of Medicine, Department of Medicine,
University of California Medical Center, San Diego, CA
1983 - : 985
Post-Doctoral Scholar, Division of Pulmonary Medicine,
Department of Medicine, University of California Medica!
Center, San Diego, CA
I ICENSING AND CERTIFICATION:
1980
G43075
Medical License, State of California
1980
AF9436867
DEA Registration number
1983
089100
Board certified, American Board of Internal Medicine
1990
22406
Board certified, American Board of Preventive Medicine
(Occupational Medicine)
..
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Curriculum Vitae
Gary R. Fujimoto, M.D.
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Page TWO
-
EDUCATION:
1982 - 1983
Medical Chief Resident
General Internal Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California Medical Center, San Diego,
CA
1980 - 1982
Medical Resident:
Department of Medicine, University of California Medical
Center, San Diego, CA
1979 - 1980
Medical Intern:
Department of Medicine, University of California Medical
Center, San Diego, CA
1975 - 1979
Medical School:
M.D .: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y.
1971 - 1975
College
B.A .: Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH
HONORS:
1979
Ira Rubin Memorial Award In Pulmonary Medicine, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine
1975
Honors at graduation, Oberlin College
CONSULTANT FOR:
Raychem Corporation, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center,
Alza Corporation, SyStemix Corporation, DNAX Corporation, Failure Analysis
Stanford Research Institute, California Biotechnlogy, City of Palo Alto,
Menlo Park Fire Protection District, City of Sunnyvale Fire Department-Hazardous Materials
Teams, City of Mountain View Fire Department-Hazardous Materials Teams
RELATED ACTIVITIES:
1989
Medical Advisor, Santa Clara County Infectious Waste Task
Force
1988
Medical Advisor - HIV/Hepatitis B Exposures Among Health
Care Workers, Santa Clara Valley
Medical Center - Infection Control Subcommittee
1987 - present
Member, Environmental and Public Health Advisory
Committee, Santa Clara County Medical Society, San Jose, CA
Member, Specialty Consultant Panel, Central-Coast Counties
Regional Poison Center, San Jose, CA
1967 - 1988
1987 - 1988
Consultant, Subcommittee on the Health Effects of Refuse-
Derived Energy, American Lung Association of San Diego and
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Gary R. Fujimoto, M.D.
Page Three
RELATED ACTIVITIES (continued)
1986
Chairman, Subcommittee on the Health Effects of Refuse-
Derived Fnergy, American I ung Association of San Diego and
Imperial Counties
1984 - 1986
Medical Director, County Medical Services Program, University of
California, San Diego Medical Center
1983 - 1986
Occupational and Internal Medicine Consultant and Attending
Physician, Beach Area Community Health Center, San Diego,
CA
1982 - 1986
Occupational Medicine Consultant, American Lung Association
of San Diego and Imperial Counties
SOCIETIES AND PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS:
Western Occupational Medicine Association
American Occupational Medical Association
Santa Clara County Medical Society
American College of Physicians
American Public Health Association, Occupational Health Section
American Lung Association of San Diego and Imperial Counties,
Occupational and Environmental Health Committee
CaliforniaMedical Association
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES:
1982 - Present
1983 - 1985
Acute and chronic effects of fire fighting among San Diego fire
fighters. (Principal investigator)
Clinical research on new antihypertensive medications - MK
286 (a uricosuric diuretic) and tiapamil (a calcium channel
blocker). A double blind clinical investigation. Paul Jagger,
M.D. (Principal investigator)
05/78
Participation in a study of the Michigan population exposed to
polybrominated biphenyls (PBB's). Mount Sinai School of
Medicine, Environmental Services Laboratory. Irving J.
Selikoff, M.D.
06-08/78
Research on the chemical hazards in the pharmaceutical
industry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of
Community Medicine, and the Off, Chemical and Atomic
Worker's Union
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Curriculum Vitae
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Page Four
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES (continued)
06-08/75
Study of asbestos-related disease of the gastrointestinal
tracts and lungs of individuals from Duluth, Minnesota,
Mount Sinai, School of Medicine, Environmental Sciences
Laboratory. Irving J. Selikoff, M.D.
1974 - 1975
Senior Honors Thesis (Oberlin College) on the biological
effects of asbestos fiber (gross and electromicroscopic
pathology) on the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. Oberlin
College, Department of Biology. Dr. Anna R. Brummett,
Chairman, Department of Biology
06-08/74
Effects of heat and chemical exposures among workers in the
rubber tire industry. Harvard School of Public Health. John
M. Peters, MLD.
06-08/73
Study of pulmonary disease associated with asbestos exposure
(electromicroscopic pathology). Mount Sinai School of
Medicine, Environmental Sciences Laboratory. Irving J.
Selikoff, M.D.
06-08/72
Occupational hazards in the newspaper industry.
International Printing Pressmen's and Assistants Union
PUBLICATIONS:
Edited Chapter by Graef, J.W. and Lovejoy, F.M., Jr .: Heavy Metal Poisoning, in Harrison's
Principles of Internal Medicine, 11th Ed. 1986.
Fujimoto, G.R., McQuade, S.F., and Ramsdell. J.W., Eds .: Drug Pricing Manual UCSD
Publications 1983.
Fujimoto, G.R., Eckert, C.A., and Harrison, R.J .: Undergraduate Training in Occupational
Health, Occupational Safety and Health Symposia, 1978. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 80-
105, 151-153.
10/91
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CURRICULUM VITAE
February 1985
NAME :
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John Hanley, M.D.
SGFOIA3
EDUCATION:
Years
School
Location
Degree
1957-61
Boston University
Boston, Mass.
M.D.
Los Angeles, Calif.
1963-66
University of California at Los Angeles
Psychiatric Residency
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE :
1956-57
Research Assistant
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Mass.
1962-63
General Practice
Kaiser Permanente (Compton Clinic)
Los Angeles, Calif.
1963-66
Member, Neuroendocrine Clinic and
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinic, UCLA
1965-66
Postdoctoral Fellowship Award
USPHS MH-6415
Brain Research Institute, UCLA
1966-present
Member, Brain Research Institute, UCLA
1966-71
Assistant Professor in Residence,
Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, UCLA;
Assistant Research Psychiatrist, BRI, UCLA
1972
Associate Professor in Residence,
Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, UCLA
1973-77
Joint Appointment:
Associate Professor in Residence,
Computer Science Dept., School of Engineering, UCLA
1977-present
Joint Appointments: Professor in Residence,
Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and
Computer Science Dept., School of Engineering, UCLA
1978-present
Joint Appointment:
Professor in Residence,
Dept. of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, UCLA
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1961-62
Loma Linda University
Rotating Internship
White Memorial Hospital

UNIVERSITY COMMITTEE SERVICE :
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Data Processing Laboratory Advisory Committee
.
Telemetry Consultant to Brain Research Institute Mountain Campus
Committee
Representative for the Dept. of Psychiatry on Mental Health Training
Program Committee
Mental Health Training Program Subcommittees on Budget and Education
Brain Research Institute Committee on Future of Brain Research Institute
The Next Ten Years Brain Research Institute Committee for BRI 10th
Anniversary
Hospital Intensive Care Committee
Appointment and Promotion Committee, Dept. of Psychiatry (two years) ,
Ad Hoc Committees
CONSULTATION SERVICES :
a. Consultant to Dept. of Urology, University of Rochester, School of
Medicine, for hyperbaric research
b. EEG Consultant to NASA for Biosatellite III Program, 1967 to present
c. Consultant to AMPEX Corporation, Redwood City, California, for
advanced EEG research
·
d. Consultant to Alza Corporation, Stanford, California, on computer
analysis of EEG data
e. Consultant to Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) , on space
terminology
f. Consultant to Jet Propulsion Laboratory Biomedical Group on the
use of ultrasonics
g. Consultant to the Behavioral Research Foundation, St. Kitts,
British West Indies, on animal telemetry systems
h. Consultant to the Behavioral Science Foundation
i. Consultant to the Sleep Laboratory at the Southern California
Neuropsychiatric Institute, La Jolla, California
j. Consultant to Assessment Systems, Incorporated, Houston, Texas
k. Consultant to the Sleep Disorders Clinic (John Andrews, M.D. ) ,
Provo, Utah
1. Consultation service to the N. I.H. Neurology Study Section (sleep)
HONORS :
1957-61
1957-58
Leopold Schepp Foundation Scholar (in medical school)
Johnson Wax Foundation Scholar
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Curriculum Vitae
SGFOIA3
PERSONAL DATA
EDUCATION
B.S.,
California Institute of Technology, 1964. (Biology)
Ph. D.
Yale University, 1968. (Psychology)
POSITIONS
Professor of ^Neurosciences, Department
of
Neurosciences,
University of California, San Diego (U.C.S.D. ) 1980 - present
Lecturer through Associate Professor, Department of Neurosci-
ences, U.C.S.D. 1968-1980
USPHS Traineeship at Yale University in Physiological Psychol-
ogy with Robert Galambos.
1964-1968
1
Research Assistant at Caltech in Psychobiology with C.R. Hamil-
ton and R.W. Sperry. 1963-1964
TEACHING AREAS
Basic Medical Neurology
Sensory Processes: Neurophysiology of Vision and Audition
Human Information Processing: Attention and Perception
Psychophysiology
Neuropsychology
HONORS and AWARDS
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
MERIT Award from National Institute of Mental Health
UCSD Neurosciences Department Outstanding Teacher Award
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ADVISORY AND REVIEW
PANELS
NIMH Study Section: Mental Health Small Grant Committee, 1976-1980.
NIMH Study Section: Neurosciences Research Review Committee, 1986-1990.
Advisory Council: International Association for the Study
of Attention and Performance 1978-1983; 1985-present.
Advisory Panel to NIMH Neurosciences Research Branch. 1982-1983.
EDITORIAL BOARDS
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1977-present.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1988-present.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and
Performance, 1974-1979; 1985-1988.
Consciousness and Cognition, 1990-present.
SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS
American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Society for Neuroscience
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
Principal Investigator: NIMH 2 R01 MH 25594.
"Electrophysio-
logical Studies of Selective Perception." 1974-1995.
Principal Investigator:
Sloan Foundation
Grant
B1980-35.
"Event-Related Brain Potentials and Semantic Processing".
1980-
1982.
Co-Principal Investigator (with M. Kutas) : NSF
BNS 80-05525.
"Semantic Processing and Event-Related Brain Waves." 1980-1986.
Principal Investigator: NINCDS 1P01 NS17778.
"Event-Related
Potentials and Cognition: Program in Cognitive Neuroscience" Cor-
nell Medical School (M.S. Gazzaniga, Program Head) 1982-1994.
Principal Investigator: Office of Naval Research Contract,
N00014-86-K-0291. "Electrophysiological Studies of Visual Atten-
tion and Resource Allocation. " 1986-1992.
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Brief Curriculum Vitae, 1991
Robert B. Livingston,M.D.
Education: Stanford University (AB, 1940); Stanford University
School of Medicine (MD, 1944); (Residency, Internal Medicine [under
Professor Arthur L. Bloomfield], Stanford University Hospitals,
1943-1945).
Academic Appointments: Stanford University (Instructor in
Pathology [under Alvin Cox], 1943-44); Yale University School of
Medicine (Instructor to Assistant Professor of Physiology [under John F.
Fulton], 1946-52); (concurrently) Harvard Medical School (Assistant
Professor of Psychiatry [under Harry Solomon], 1946-47); UCLA
School of Medicine (Associate Professor to Professor of Anatomy and
Physiology [under H. W. Magoun and John Field], 1952-57); Adjunct
Professor, Mid-Career Course, U.S. State Department, 1957-1964;
Founding Chair, UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences
(Professor of Neurosciences, 1964-1989 [with Theodore H. Bullock,
Robert Galambos, Reginald Bickford, John O'Brien, Marjorie
Seybold, Fred Gage, Robert Terry, and Robert Katzman]; Guest
Professor of Neurosciences, at the Hirnforschungsinstitut der
Universität Zürich [under Konrad Akert], 1971-72).
Science
Consultant. [under His Holiness, the Dalai Lama], 1991 -- ).
[Aim of this academic career has been to investigate combinations of
nervous and mental functions, using a variety of neuroanatomical,
neurophysiological, behavioral and clinical techniques and disciplines.]
Advanced Training:
Université de Genève (National Research
Council Senior Fellow in Neurology, [under Oscar Wyss], 1948-49);
Universität Zürich (ditto [under Walter Rudolph Hess], 1949);
College de France (Wilhelm B. Gruber Fellow in Neurology, [under
Alfred Fessard], 1949-50); Oxford University (ditto [under F.S.C.
Little and Paul Glees], 1950);
Universitet Göteborg (US Public
Health Service Senior Fellow in Neurology,
[with Bo Gernandt and
Holger Hyden], 1956); Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(Research Associate. Neurosciences Research Program, [under Francis O.
Schmitt], 1961-1973).
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National Service:
US Navy Medical Corps (Reserve), World
War II: [Established and directed the hospital for wounded Okinawans and
Japanese POWs throughout the battle of Okinawa, (awarded U.S. Navy
Bronze Star for this contribution), 1945]; ["Interpreter" for surrender of
Japanese Army in North China, (U.S. Marine Corps needed people with even
modest Chinese and Japanese language training), 1945]; [Chief, Medical
Battalion Laboratory, 2nd Marine Division, Tiensin and Peking,
throughout "Cease-Fire" between Kuomintang and Chinese Communists,
1945-46];
U.S. Public Health Service representative -- First Life
Sciences Committee, NASA, advisory for life support systems, safety,
communication, selection of Astronauts, etc., 1958-63].
International Diplomatic Contributions: International
Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), winner of 1985
Nobel Prize for Peace, IPPNW Emissary [with Lars Engstedt] to Egypt,
Jordan, Syria, Kuwait, Bahrian, and Saudi Arabia, to persuade Arab
physicians to contribute internationally to prevention of nuclear war;
IPPNW Ambassador. to Tibetan Government-in-Exile, Dharamsala, India.
Contributed to three successive tutorials 1987, 1989, 1990 on Mind and
Life [under Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness, The Dalai Lama, winner of
the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize],). Participant, two international diplomatic
missions conducted by the Center for the Study of the Person [under Carl
Rogers] in Rust, Austria, [with Gay Swensen after Roger's death] in San
José, Costa Rica, [under President Arias], to establish dialogue between
governments of Nicaragua and United States.
Research Contributions: Neocortical representations of visceral
functions in monkey and chimpanzee [with Ernest Sachs, Jr., Sam
Brendler, and José Delgado]; Human frontal and cingulate cortical
representations of visceral functions [with William P. Chapman,
William H. Sweet, and Kenneth E. Livingston]; Plasticity of muscle
synergy in humans [with Alfred Fessard, Jean Paillard, and Auguste
Tourney]; Eye movements controlled by frontal eye fields and occipital
visual fields in monkey; Frontal motor representations in deep sulci of
cats [with Jose Delgado];
Localization of frontal eye fields in cats;
Head turning and eye deviation elicited by stimulation of frontal cortex in
freely moving cats [under Walter Rudolf Hess, with Donald A.
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3
MacDonald]; Explosive decompression at high altitude [with Samuel
Gelfan and Leslie Nims]; Use of biological potentials to warn of anoxic
anoxia [with Harold S. Burr]; Segregation, origin and destination of first-
order sensory dorsal column axons [under Paul Glees]; Central control of
ascending sensory pathways [with Raul Hernandez-Peón and Harald
Scherrer]; Cortical influences on brain stem conduction systems, and on
brain stem arousal mechanisms [with John D. French, Raúl Hernández
Peón, W. Ross Adey and José Segundo]; Cerebrospinal fluid equilibria;
Somatic functions of the nervous system [with Raúl Hernández-Peón];
Differential seizure susceptibility in monkey cortex [with John D.
French];
Prevention of seizures in monkeys by intravenous procaine
injections [with John D. French, Bruce Konigsmark, and Ken
Richland]; Vestibulo-spinal motor projections [with Bo Gernandt, Sid
Gilman, and Magdolna Iranyi]; Brain mechanisms and behavior;
Neurophysiology of brain stem reticular formation [with Frederic G.
Worden];
Neurophysiological contributions to internal medicine [with
Frederic G. Worden]; Longitudinal spinal and brainstem reflex systems
relayed through the bulbar reticular formation [with Muneo Shimamura];
Dynamics of acoustic pathways under control of middle-ear muscles [with
Arnold Starr and Peter Carmel; What makes the sloth so slothful?
[with T.H. Bullock, Donald B. Lindsley, and Robert Galambos];
Central control of receptors and sensory transmission systems; Role of
central nervous mechanisms relating to reinforcement; Ultrastructure of
myelin glial-axonal junctions, and functional dynamics of synaptic
boutons [under Konrad Akert];
Cinemorphology of whole human brain
serial surfaces, in registration, exposed at microscopically thin intervals
throughout the entire brain in 68 "normal" human brains [with Roy Mills
and Thornton Egge];
Three-dimensional reconstruction of one whole
human brain, using interactive computer graphics [with Kent Wilson,
Bill Atkinson, and Bud Tribble, III]. A film on this subject [produced
under Sy Wexler] won sweepstakes awards at all major international
documentary film festivals in 1976/7 and has been shown repeatedly on
NOVA, National Geographic Society, BBC, OMNIMAX, and many other
television programs, worldwide, since then. Undernourishment affecting
human brain development in the U.S. [under Doris H. Calloway, with
Helen Ross, and Elisabeth Stern]. Expeditions include:
Ship's
Physician and Chief Diver, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Expedition
CAPRICORN [under Roger Revelle and Walter Munk], 1951-1952; Alpha
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4
Helix Expedition to the Amazon [with Theodore H. Bullock and Donald
B. Lindsley], 1968; Expedition to Panama [with Theodore H. Bullock
and Robert Galambos] 1970.
Research Publications:
Some 200 research publications including
a few research monographs. Chapters on Neurophysiology in a textbook for
psychologists; Chapters on Neurophysiology in a textbook for psychiatrists-
-these latter were republished as a separate monograph, Sensory
Processing, Perception, and Behavior. 1978, Section on Neurophysiology
consisting of a dozen chapters in Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of
Medical Practice,
11th Edition, 1985, and 12th Edition, 1990.
Lectureships:
AAAS Holiday Science Lecturer, for State-wide honor
high school students: Florida, 1958, Oregon, 1959; National Sigma Xi
Lecturer, 1960 and 1961; Queen Kamehameha Lecturer, University of
Hawaii School of Medicine, 1965; AAAS Chautauqua Lectureship [shared
with Elisabeth Stern], 1978 and 1979; Sachs Memorial Lecturer,
Dartmouth Medical School, 1981.
Extra-Curricular Activities:
Co-Incorporator [with John F.
Fulton], the Journal of the History of Medicine, 1951.
Participated
closely with Leo Szilard in founding the Council for Abolishing War,
which became the Council for a Livable World, 1962. Co-Incorporator
[with Richard J. Barnet, Marcus Raskin, and Christopher Jencks], of
the Institute for Policy Studies, 1962.
Co-Incorporator [with Fritjof
Capra] of the Elmwood Institute, 1979. Active [under Bernard Lown] in
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, as Emissary
and Ambassador; Deputy Council representative for U.S. Physicians for
Social Responsibility; House of Delegates, 1986-88, U.S. national
Physicians for Social Responsibility, President-Elect 1991, [to serve as
President, 1992, Past-President 1993; Co-President, San Diego Chapter,
1989-91.
Robert B. Livingston, M.D.
Professor of Neurosciences Emeritus
University of California San Diego
Address:
7818 Camino Noguera, San Diego, California 92122-2027.
Telephone:
(619) 455-0306;
Telefax: (619) 455-1874.
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CURRICULUM VITAE
..
NAME:
ROBIN P. MICHELSON, M.D.
BORN:
SGFOIA3
EDUCATION:
1932-1934
University of California
Berkeley, Calfiornia
1934-1936
Stanford University
B.S
Stanford, California
1936-1940
Stanford University
School of Medicine
Stanford, California
M.D.
POSTGRADUATE TRAINING:
1940-1941
Assistant Resident, Pathology
San Francisco General Hospital
1946-1948
Otolaryngology Resident
Veterans Administration, San Francisco
MILITARY SERVICE:
1941-1946
Captain, U. S. Army (MC)
LICENSURE AND CERTIFICATION:
1940
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1950
American Board of Otolaryngology

CURRICULUM VITAE;rvB.PPIN PeleUS doS/4MM : DIA-RDP96-00789R003100170001-92
HOSPITAL AFFILIATIONS:
1945-1956
St. Luke's Hospital, San Francisco
1946-1956
St. Mary's Hospital, San Francisco
1968-Present
University of California Hospitals
1958-Present
Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
University of California Hospitals, San Francisco
POSITIONS HELD:
.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
Department of Otolaryngology
1968-1974
Associate Clinical Professor
1974-Present
Clinical Professor
OUTSIDE THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA:
1948-1952
Clincal Instructor, Stanford University School of
Medicine
1952-Present
Assistant Clinical Professor, Stanford University
School of Medicine
1955-1958
Chief, Stanford ENT Service,
San Francisco General Hospital
1960-1963
Chief of ENT Service
San Mateo County Hospital
1940-1980
Private Practice, Redwood City, California
MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES AND THEIR COMMITTEES:
.
1945
American Medical Association
:
1945
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Approved For Relea GARRISON RAPENBDP96-00789R003100170001-9
SGFOIA3
EDUCATION:
A.B. Harvard, 1949
M.D. Columbia, 1953
George Washington University School of Government
and Business, 1973-1974
Army War College, 1976
MEDICAL LICENSE:
New York #77729
California #G-4697
Certified, American Board of Pediatrics, 1961
EXPERTISE:
Health and Performance Research
Technology Transfer
Epidemiology and Infectious Disease
Senior Executive Management
PRESENT POSITION
Consultant to Systems Engineering and Management
Associates, Falls Church, Virginia
Responsible for facilitating commercialization of Strategic Defense Initiative
technologies to the health care industry and the life sciences research
community.
PAST EMPLOYMENT
1987-1990
Chief Scientist (Biomedical Operations)
Flow General Inc., McLean, Virginia
Advised the CEO on health-related activities of the six subsidiary companies
world-wide.
Also served as Director, Biomedical and Veterinary Services
Division, Flow Laboratories, Inc., owned by Flow General, Inc. (Left company
when health-related activities were sold. )
1957-1986
Active duty, U.S. Army 1957-1986
Continuously involved in research and development (R&D) throughout Army service;
retired 1 September 1986 in the grade of Major General as Assistant Surgeon
General (R&D) and Commander, U.S. Army Medical R&D Command.
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GARRISON RAPMUND
SGFOIA3
EDUCATION:
A.B. Harvard, 1949
.
M.D. Columbia, 1953
.
George Washington University School of Government
and Business, 1973-1974
Army War College, 1976
MEDICAL LICENSE:
·
New York #77729
.
California #G-4697
Certified, American Board of Pediatrics, 1961
EXPERTISE:
Health and Performance Research
·
.
Technology Transfer
Epidemiology and Infectious Disease
Senior Executive Management
PRESENT POSITION
Consultant to Systems Engineering and Management
Associates, Falls Church, Virginia
Responsible for facilitating commercialization of Strategic Defense Initiative
technologies to the health care industry and the life sciences research
community.
PAST EMPLOYMENT
1987-1990
Chief Scientist (Biomedical Operations)
Flow General Inc., McLean, Virginia
Advised the CEO on health-related activities of the six subsidiary companies
world-wide. Also served as Director, Biomedical and Veterinary Services
Division, Flow Laboratories, Inc., owned by Flow General, Inc. (Left company
when health-related activities were sold. )
1957-1986
Active duty, U.S. Army 1957-1986
Continuously involved in research and development (R&D) throughout Army service;
retired 1 September 1986 in the grade of Major General as Assistant Surgeon
General (R&D) and Commander, U.S. Army Medical R&D Command.
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Garrison Rapmund, M.D.
Major General (Retired), United States Army
SGFOIA3
DATE OF BIRTH
CITIZENSHIP
MARITAL STATUS
HOME ADDRESS
PRESENT POSITION
Consultant to Systems Engineering and Management
Associates, Falls Church, Virginia
Responsible for facilitating commercialization of
Strategic Defense Initiative technologies to the
health care industry and the life sciences research
community.
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SGFOIA3
RESUME
Philip D. Wasserman
EDUCATION
Study leading to Ph.D.in Computer Science and Engineering
MS Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Santa Clara University
BS Mathematics, Summa Cum Laude, College of Notre Dame
PROFILE OF EXPERIENCE
Over 25 years experience in the field of artificial neural networks. Author of two books and
several papers on theory and applications. Successfully applied artificial neural networks to solve a
wide range of real world problems.
More than 30 years diversified experience as an Electronics Engineer, heavily involved in the
detailed design of electronic instruments, analog and digital circuits, computer software, computer
hardware and computer systems. Extensive project management and technical supervision experi-
ence.
Founder of two profitable electronics manufacturing firms. Served as Chief Executive Officer for
eight years. Designed all of the firm's instrumentation products.
MAJOK ACCOMPLISHMENTS, 1979-1991
Developed artificial neural network architectures and training algorithms. Applied these to
various problems in pattern recognition, optimization, and control. Published technical
papers and presented technical seminars on artificial neural networks for a number of
organizations.
Wrote two books, Neural Computing and NeuralSource, on artificial neural networks. Pub-
lished by Van Nostrand Reinhold in 1989.
Developed analog and digital circuits and sub-systems for an automatic instrument used in
semiconductor manufacturing, including signal acquisition and conditioning, electrome-
chanical servo controllers, and software written in C for control and processing of data.
Designed an autofocus system for a diffraction limited microscope. Included inventing un
algorithm, (patent pending) designing a digital signal processing board, and developing the
software system to operate in a multi-processor environment.
Designed a solid-state high resolution video camera for use in a semiconductor inspection
System, including video frequency, low level analog signal processing circuits.
Designed a high speed video signal conditioning and image digitizer board with interface to
u 40 Megabyte/sec parallel digital bus, including a/d, d/a, and analog signal processing.
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Performed architectural design of high speed digital signal processing circuit intended for
CMOS integration, Supervised a group which designed and constructed TTL
prototype to evaluate the architecture, and implemented digital signal processing algorithms
for V22bis modem.
Developed the architecture, circuit, and system design of a high speed modem utilizing a
multiprocessor configuration, Produced a custom assembler, wrote programming instruc-
tions and assisted algorithm developers in its use. Designed active filters and implemented
sample and hold, a/d, and d/a circuits. Designed power supply including thermal design of
package. Supervised printed circuit layout, mechanical packaging, and conducted tests
verifying performance to specification.
Designed three new nuclear radiation measuring instruments and supervised their packag-
ing and production engineering.
Conceived, designed circuits, and supervised hybrid circuit packaging of a wrist worn
digital heart rate monitor. This involved the design of two semi-custom integrated circuits,
one bipolar and the other CMOS, and coordination with the integrated circuit producers.
Supervised mechanical design and performed production engineering leading to a suc-
cessful product.
Designed hardware and algorithms for a 160 MBPS, parallel-pipelined image processing
System, This included software simulation of processing algorithms, digital and analog
circuit design, and integration with optical and mechanical systems.
Participated in the establishment of a Computer Science Major at the College of Notre
Dame. Recommended courses, evaluated instructors, and taught many of the courses.
Selected software and installed a new administrative computing system for the College of
Notre Dame. Upgraded hardware, established procedures, trained personnel, and wrote
programs to integrate system for Finance, Admissions, Registration, and Graduate Office.
MAJOR RECENT PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT
Science Applications International Corporation
1990 to Present
Position: Director, Neural Network Applications
Duties:
Identify applications for artifical neural networks, develop solutions, and implement them.
Anza Research Inc.
1975 to Present:
Position: President
Duties:
Designed artificial neural network architectures and algorithms for pattern recognition, optimi-
zation, and control. Completed challenging, detailed, hardware and software design projects. This
included both analog and digital circuits and systems. Designed software systems and algorithms,
from concept to coding and test. Managed development projects, solved technical problems in
manufacturing, developed and evaluated new product proposals, performed technical and market-
ing studies.
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College Of Notre Dame Belmont CA
1983 to 1989 (part time)
Position: Program Director and Assistant Professor, Computer Science.
Duties: Teach Computer Science courses, participate in curriculum development, staffing, schedul-
ing. Provide academic advising for students.
Chapman College Sunnyvale CA
1987 to Present (Part Time)
Present Position: Lead Instructor, Computer Science
Duties: Teach Computer Science courses, evaluate instructors, assist in course planning.
Collecte Of Notre Dame Belmont CA
1985 to 1986
Position: Director of Administrative Computing
Duties:
Establish and maintain the central computerized administrative computing system, supervise
Support personnel, provide training and documentation for the various offices.
FATENTS
The following U.S. patents have been issued in my name:
# 4,924.098
Nuclear Radiation Level Detector
# 4,293,917
Non-Linear Function Generator
# 4,476,348
Carbon Microphone Linearization
# 4,491,733
Kadiation Flux Measuring System
# 3,893,105
Integrating Type Analog-Digital Converter
# 3,273,143
Digital-To-Analog Converter
# 3,149,282
Digital Voltmeter
# 3,368,149
Dual-Slope Digital Voltmeter
# 4,945,220
Autofocusing System for Microscope
Two additional patent applications have been filed and are pending in the U.S. Patent Office
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
Neural Network On-Line Machine Condition Monitoring Systems, Proceeding of the Conference on
Artificial Neural Networks in Engineering. University of Missouri-Rolla, Engineering Man-
agement Department, 1991.
On-Line Machine Condition Monitoring Using Neural Networks, Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, Vol. 90, No. 4, Pt.2, October 1991,
Neural Network On-Line Machine Condition Monitoring Systems, Society of Manufacturing Engi-
neers, 1990, Detroit MI.
Vibration Signature Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks, EPRI 4th
Incipient Failure Detection Conference, 1990, Philadelphia TA.(With Sam Iladdad and Aynur
Unal).
Using Artificial Neural Networks For Vibration Signature Analysis, Proceedings of the Acoustical
Society of America, Fall 1990
Vibration Signature Analysis using Artificial Neural Networks, Proceedings of the Second Workshop
on Neural Networks: Academic/Industrial/NASA Defense, Auburn AL, February 11-13, 1991.
Neural Computing, Theory and Practice, Book published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, Spring 1989
Neural Source Annotated Bibliography, Book published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, Fall 1989
Experiments with a Combined Backpropagation/Cauchy Machine, Journal of Neural Net Computing.
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Neural Networks, Part 1, LEEE Expert, Winter 1987 (With T. Schwartz)
Neural Networks, Part 2, IEEE Expert, Spring 1988 (With T. Schwartz)
Experiments in Translating Chinese Characters Using Backpropagation, Proc. IEEE Computer
Society International Conference, San Francisco, Feb. 1987
Experiments with a Combined Backpropagation/Cauchy Machine, International Neural Network
Society Conference, Boston, 1988
LECTURES PRESENTED
Artificial Neural Networks in Engineering Conference, St Louis, MO 1991 (Invited Paper)
Acoustic Society of America, Dallas TX, 1991(Invited Paper)
SDIO Parallel Programming Group Meeting, Malibu CA, 1991
American Nuclear Society Conference, Jackson Hole Wyoming, 1991
Defense Nuclear Agency, Washington DC.
Avionics Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton Ohio.
CIA/ORD, Washington DC.
Joint National Intelligence Development Service, Washington DC.
Electrical Power Research Institute, Palo Alto CA.
National Institutes of Health, Dethesda MD.
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington DC.
Military Seulift Command, U.S. Navy, Washington DC.
Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA.
University of California, Santa Cruz CA.
A.I. Forum, Palo Alto, CA.
A.I. SIG, Santa Clara, CA.
Special Interest Group, Machine Learining, Palo Alto, CA.
Also, seminars were presented to a number of industrial firms.
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
Senior Member, IEEE
Member, IEEE Computer Society
Member, ACM
Member, International Neural Network Society
Referee for the IEEE Computer Society Press
REFERENCES Upon Request
PERSONAL INFORMATION
SGFOIA3
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UNIVERSITY OF Approved ForIRelda@S2A0QĐLÆSCIA-RDP96-00789R003100170001-9
UCLA
BERKELEY . DAVIS . IRVINE . 1.05 ANGELES . RIVERSIDE . SAN DIEGO . SAN FRANCISCO
SANTA BARBARA . SANTA CRUZ
(January, 1991)
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY AND
BIOBEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
UCLA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
760 WESTWOOD PLAZA
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90024-1759
LOUIS JOLYON WEST, M.D.
CURRICULUM VITAE
SGFOIA3
PERSONAL
EDUCATION
Marquette School, Madison, Wisconsin
1929-1934
Harvey School, Madison, Wisconsin
1934-1935
East High School, Madison, Wisconsin
1935-1941
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
1941-1942
State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (Army Specialized
Training Program)
1943-1944
University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis,
Minnesota
1945-1948
DEGREES
B.S.
University of Minnesota
1946
M.B.
University of Minnesota
1948
M.D.
University of Minnesota
1949
POSTGRADUATE TRAINING
Internship (Straight Medicine): University of Minnesota
Hospitals, Minneapolis
1948-1949
Residency in Psychiatry: Payne Whitney Clinic of the New
York Hospital (Cornell Medical Center), New York
1949-1952
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Louis Jolyon West, M. D.
Curriculum Vitae
OTHER EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Personal psychoanalysis (candidate, Topeka Psychoanalytic
Institute)
1958-1962
Group relations training programs (Tavistock/A.K. Rice
Institute)
1965-1975
Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral
Sciences, Stanford, California
1966-1967
MILITARY SERVICE
Army of the United States (enlisted) :
301st Infantry
Regiment, 94th Division; other assignments
United States Air Force Medical Corps (Lieutenant to Major)
1948-1956
1942-1946
MEDICAL LICENSURES AND SPECIALTY CERTIFICATION
Licensed:
Minnesota, 1948; New York, 1950;
California, 1951; Oklahoma, 1956
Diplomate:
National Board of Medical Examiners, 1949
American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (Psychiatry), May 1954
UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENTS
Assistant in Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical
College, New York
1950-1952
Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Neurology and
Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma School
of Medicine, Oklahoma City
1954-1969
1969 --
Professor of Psychiatry, UCLA School of Medicine
Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral
Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles
Director, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute
1969-1989
1969-1989
HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS
Chief, Psychiatry Service, 3700th USAF Hospital,
Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas
1952-1956
Psychiatrist-in-Chief, University of Oklahoma Hospitals
1954-1969
Consultant in Psychiatry, Oklahoma City Veterans
Administration Hospital
1956-1969
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Curriculum Vitae
HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS (continued)
Chief, Mental Health Section, Oklahoma Medical Research
Foundation, Oklahoma City
1956-1969
Consultant in Psychiatry, United States Air Force Hospital,
Force Base, Oklahoma
1956-1966
Consultant in Psychiatry, Palo Alto Veterans Administration
Hospital
1966-1967
Psychiatrist-in-Chief, UCLA Medical Center
1969-1989
Attending Staff, UCLA Medical Center and UCLA Neuro-
psychiatric Institute
1969 --
Consultant in Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Center
for Psycho-social Medicine at Brentwood, Los Angeles
1969 --
Consultant in Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Hospital,
Sepulveda, California
1969 --
Attending Staff, Harbor General Hospital, Torrance, California 1971 --
Medical Staff, Saint John's Hospital and Medical Center,
Santa Monica, California
1979 --
HONORS
Alpha Omega Alpha - Honor Medical Society
Oklahoma Nominee, "Ten Most Outstanding Young Men in America, "
United States Junior Chamber of Commerce (1959)
Medical Ambassador of Good Will, Pan American Medical Association (1963)
Commencement Speaker, University of Oklahoma School of Nursing (1963)
Leadership Award, Association of the University of Oklahoma Medical
Faculty (1966)
Sommer Memorial Lecturer, Portland, Oregon (1968)
Certificate of Appreciation, Oklahoma City Council (1969)
Abreu Memorial Address, National Medical Student Research Forum,
Student AMA (1969)
Distinguished Professional Service Citation, Oklahoma State
Psychological Association (1969)
Certificate of Appreciation, Department of Health, Education and
Welfare, United States Public Health Service (1969)
Benjamin Rush Gold Medal Award, American Psychiatric Association (1973)
Certificate of Appreciation "For Outstanding Service," University of
Nebraska, School of Alcohol Studies (1973)
Commendation for Exceptional Service, United States Veterans
Administration (1974)
First Annual Dr. Gustav Bychowski Memorial Lecture, Mt. Sinai School of
Medicine, New York City (1974)
Knight of Mark Twain (1974)
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Curriculum Vitae
HONORS (continued)
"Louis Jolyon West House" (Facility for Oklahoma Center for Alcohol-Related
Studies, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City,
dedicated 1974)
Certificate of Commendation, American Psychiatric Association (1976)
L. I. F. E. Group Award for Outstanding Dedication to Humanity (1977)
Karolinska Institute Medal, Stockholm, Sweden (1978)
The H. B. Williams Memorial Travelling Professor of the Royal Australian
and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (1979)
Consultant Emeritus in Psychiatry, United States Army Medical Research and
Development Command (1979)
Honorary Fellow, American Association of Psychoanalytic Physicians, Inc.
(1980)
Walter C. Alvarez Memorial Award, The American Medical Writers Association
(1982)
Annual Award for Distinguished Professional Service in the Field of Mental
Health, The Group Psychotherapy Association of Southern California
(1983)
Special Award, Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, "For
Advancing the Role of Hypnosis in Psychiatry and Medicine" (1986)
Vestermark Award, The American Psychiatric Association and the National
Institute of Mental Health (1987)
Outstanding Achievement Award, Southern California Psychiatric Society
(1988)
Marshal, Hippocratic Oath Ceremony and Medical School Graduation, UCLA
(1989)
First Annual Thomas H. Holmes Memorial Lecture, University of Washington
(1989)
Philip R.A. May Award, Howard R. Davis Society for Knowledge Utilization
and Planned Change (1989)
Leo J. Ryan Award, National Cult Awareness Network (1989)
Founder's Award, Center for Research on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, University
of Oklahoma School of Medicine (1989)
Doctor of Humane Letters (hon. caus.), Hebrew Union College (1990)
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPOINTMENTS
American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (Examiner)
1955-1975
Advisory Council, Behavioral Sciences Division, United States
Air Force Office of Scientific Research
1956-1958
National Consultant in Psychiatry to the Surgeon General,
United States Air Force
1957-1962
Board of Directors, The Institute for Research in Hypnosis
1958-1966
Committee on Hypnosis, Council on Mental Health of the
American Medical Association
1959-1962
Professional Advisory Council, National Association for
Mental Health
1959-1964
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NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPOINTMENTS (continued)
Consultant, United States Information Agency
1960-1961
Executive Council, Committee on Behavioral Research
(Advisory on Disaster Research to the Office of
Emergency Planning) , National Academy of Sciences -
National Research Council
1961-1963
Consultant, United States Air Force Aero-Space Medical Center
Consultant, Peace Corps
1961-1966
Consultant, Bureau of Social Research, Inc.
1965-1968
National Advisory Mental Health Council, United States Public
Health Service (National Institute of Mental Health)
Board of Scientific Advisors, Morton Prince Clinic for
1965-1969
Hypnotherapy, The Institute for Research in Hypnosis,
New York City
1965-1966
White House Conference on Civil Rights: "To Fulfill These
Rights," Washington, D.C.
June, 1966
National Advisory Committee on Alcoholism to the Secretary,
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
1966-1968
National Advisory Committee on Psychiatry, Neurology, and
Psychology, United States Veterans Administration
Professional Services Subcommittee, 1968-1972
Chairman, 1970-1972
1968-1973
Anglo-American Conference on Drug-taking in the Younger
Generation, Ditchley Foundation, Oxfordshire,
England
Spring, 1968
Member, First Public Policy Conference on Psychiatry,
Brookings Institution
1970
National Committee for Effective Drug Abuse Legislation
1970-1972
Special Medical Advisory Group, United States Veterans
Administration
1970-1974
Review Committee for Drug Abuse Training, National Institute
of Mental Health
1972-1973
International Board of Directors, Kittay Scientific
Foundation
1972-1977
American Professional Advisory Committee, Jerusalem Mental
Health Center, Jerusalem, Israel
1971-1989
American Advisory Board, Jerusalem Mental Health Center,
Israel
1972-1989
Residency Review Committee for Psychiatry and Neurology
(Council on Medical Education, American Medical
Association)
1973-1978
Ad Hoc Committee to Assess Conflicts of Interest Between
Organizational Responsibilities of Physicians in
Institutional Settings and Their Concern for Welfare
of Individual Patients (National Academy of Sciences
- National Institute of Medicine)
1973-1989
Israeli Center for Psychobiology, International Advisory
Board
1974-1989
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NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPOINTMENTS (continued)
Consultant to the Surgeon General, United States Army
Medical Research and Development Command
1974-1977
Member, United States Army Medical Research and Development
Advisory Panel
1974-1979
Consultant, V.A. Health Care Committee, National Research
Council, Division of Medical Sciences, Assembly of
Life Sciences
1975-1976
Member, U.S. Honorary Board, International Association of
Medicine and Biology
1979-1989
Member, Academic Psychiatry Consortium, Center for Advanced
Study in the Behavioral Sciences
1982-1990
Medical Advisory Committee, The John Douglas French
Foundation for Alzheimer's Disease
1983 --
Board of Advisors, American Family Foundation
1982 --
Board of Scientific Advisors, Institute of Experimental
Psychiatry
1985 --
Advisory Board, National Depressive and Manic Depressive
Association
1987 --
Board of Directors, Caring for Children
1987 --
EDITORIAL BOARDS
Advisory Editor, The International Journal of Clinical and
Experimental Hypnosis
1958-1966
Advisory Editorial Board, Journal of Nervous and Mental
Disease
1961-1966
Consulting Editor, Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality
1967-1984
Editorial Board, Journal of Existential Psychiatry
1970-1971
Editorial Board of Advisors, Psychiatric Annals
1971-1977
Editorial Board, Directions in Psychiatry
1976 --
Advisory Editorial Board, Medical Update
1978 --
Editorial Board, Psychiatric Books
1979 --
Editorial Board, A Critical Guide to Psychiatric Literature
1979 --
Advisory Board, Salk Letter to Parents
1982 --
Editorial Board, Cultic Studies Journal
1984 --
Editorial Board, Violence, Aggression, Terrorism
1985 --
REGIONAL AND LOCAL APPOINTMENTS
Dean's Committee, Oklahoma City Veterans Administration
Hospital
1954-1969
Research Coordinator, Oklahoma Alcoholism Association
1956-1966
Executive Committee, Mayor's Committee on Human Relations,
Oklahoma City
1961-1962
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Committee on Polar Biomedical Research

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REGIONAL AND LOCAL APPOINTMENTS (continued)
Oklahoma Mental Health Planning Council
1963-1965
Consultant, Oklahoma City Human Relations Council
1963-1969
Board of Directors, Oklahoma City Council on Alcoholism
1964-1969
Governor's Committee on Alcoholism, State of Oklahoma
1964-1966
Professional Advisory Council, Central State Community Mental
Health Center, Norman, Oklahoma
1966-1969
Board of Directors, Northeast Oklahoma City Community Mental
Health Center
1966-1969
Dean's Committee, Wadsworth Veterans Administration Medical
Center
1969-1989
1969-1989
Dean's Committee, Brentwood V.A. Medical Center (Chairman)
Board of Consultants, Rush Research Foundation
1969-1989
Dean's Committee, Sepulveda Veterans Administration Medical
Center
1970-1989
Committee of Psychiatry Consultants, Charles R. Drew
Postgraduate Medical School, Los Angeles
1970-1989
Advisory Committee, National Center for Drug Information,
Research and Education, Mills College, Oakland,
California
1970-1974
Mental Health Development Commission, Welfare Planning
Council, Los Angeles
1971-1989
Research Advisory Committee, Gateways Hospital, Los Angeles
Professional Advisory Committee, Reiss-Davis Child Study
Center
1971-1989
Board of Trustees, UCLA Foundation
Member, Finance and Administration Committee
1976-1980
Board of Directors, Alcoholism Council of California/NCA
1978 --
Member, Central City Public Inebriate Advisory Commission
1979 --
Member, Development Panel, California Self-Help Center
1984 --
Member, Ad Hoc Committee, California State Support of
Psychiatric Research, West Coast College of
Biological Psychiatry
1986 --
Member, Board of Trustees, Imagination Workshop, Inc.
Member, Mental Health Committee, Commission on Cults and
Missionaries, Jewish Federation Council of Greater
Los Angeles
1989 --
UCLA COMMITTEES
Board of Directors, University Hospital Chaplaincy
Service, Inc.
Vice President, 1972
1970-1989
Advisory Committee, Brain Research Institute
Endowment Committee, Brain Research Institute
1975-1989
1976-1989
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1975 --
1986 --

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Curriculum Vitae
UCLA COMMITTEES (continued)
Committee to Endow Great Teaching, School of Medicine
1977-1989
University Extension Committee, Academic Senate
1977-1978
Committee for a Public Medical Forum, School of Medicine
1979-1989
School of Medicine Faculty Development Committee
1981-1989
Representative to Intercampus Faculty Advisory Committee for
the Hutchins Center for the Study of Democratic
Institutions
1981-1989
Advisory Board, UCLA Archive of American Folk Medicine
1984 --
Student Affairs Committee, School of Medicine
Subcommittee on Substance Abuse
1990 --
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS
Aerospace Medical Association*
Alpha Omega Alpha
American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists*
American Academy of Political and Social Science*
American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
American Academy of Psychoanalysis (Scientific Associate)
Committee on Education and Research, 1960-1965
Research Committee, 1970-1975
American Association for the Advancement of Science (Fellow)
American Association of Chairmen of Departments of Psychiatry*
Councilor, 1969
Secretary-Treasurer, 1970
Committee on Liaison with the Veterans Administration, 1976
Ad Hoc Committee to Maintain Liaison with the ABPN, Inc., 1976
American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (Charter Fellow) *
Credentials Committee, 1973-1976
American College of Psychiatrists (Fellow) *
Chairman, Program Committee, San Diego, 1970
Bowis Award Committee, 1982
American Federation for Clinical Research*
American Medical Association
American Orthopsychiatric Association*
American Polar Society*
American Psychiatric Association (Life Fellow)
Committee on Research, 1957-1960
Committee on Program, 1962-1968
Task Force on Drug Abuse in Youth, 1967-1969
Board of Trustees, 1968-1971
Council on Research and Development, 1972-1977
Chairman, 1975-1977
Reference Committee, 1975-1977
Foundations Fund Prize Board of Research, 1981-1985
Task Force on Quality of Psychiatry Residency Training, 1983 --
Task Force on Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 1986 --
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Curriculum Vitae
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS (continued)
American Psychiatric Association (continued)
Task Force on Terrorism, Chairman, 1987-1988
American Psychological Association
American Psychopathological Association
American Psychosomatic Society
American Public Health Association
American Sociological Association*
Antarctican Society*
Association for Academic Psychiatry*
Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep*
Member, Organizing Committee, First International Conference,
Bruges, Belgium, June, 1971
Association of American Medical Colleges*
Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases
National Academy of Religion and Mental Health (Founding Member) *
National Committee Against Mental Illness (Sponsoring Member)
International Society for Advancement of Humanistic Studies
in Gynecology (Honorary Member)
New York Academy of Sciences
Pan American Medical Association*
President, Section on Clinical Hypnosis, 1962-1964
Council Member and Diplomate, Section on Psychiatry, 1962
Board of Advisory Vice Presidents, 1962
North American Co-Chairman, Section on Clinical Hypnosis, 1966-1968
Pavlovian Society
Second Vice President, 1973
First Vice President, 1974
President, 1975
Sigma Xi
Society of Behavioral Medicine (Fellow)
Society of Biological Psychiatry (Senior Member)
Public Relations Committee, 1975
Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis*
Society for General Systems Research*
Society of Medical Consultants to the Armed Forces*
Society for Psychophysiological Research*
Southern Professors of Psychiatry*
President, 1963
World Medical Association*
*Inactive or prior member
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REGIONAL AND LOCAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS
Central Neuropsychiatric Association
1959-1969
Dallas Southern Clinical Society (Honorary Member)
1962
Mid-Continent Psychiatric Association
Councilor, 1960-1962
1956-1969
North Pacific Society of Neurology and Psychiatry
(Honorary Fellow)
1962
Oklahoma City Clinical Society
1956-1969
Oklahoma County Medical Society
1956-1969
Medical Center Liaison Committee, 1959-1962
Oklahoma District Branch, American Psychiatric Association
(Fellow)
1956-1969
Committee on Medical Education, 1964-1969
Oklahoma Psychiatric Association
1956-1969
Oklahoma State Medical Association
1956-1969
Safety Committee, 1962-1964
Mental Health Committee, 1964-1966
Southern California District Branch, American Psychiatric
Association (Fellow)
1969 --
Southern California Society for Adolescent Psychiatry
(Honorary Member)
1970
California State Medical Association
1971 --
Los Angeles County Medical Society
1971 --
Southern California Psychiatric Society
1974 --
California Society for the Treatment of Alcoholism and other
Drug Dependencies
1974 --
Mental Health Association of Los Angeles County
1976 --
Southern California Society for Clinical Hypnosis
(Honorary Member)
1986 --
BIOGRAPHICAL LISTINGS
American Men and Women of Science
Biographical Directory, American Psychiatric Association
Dictionary of International Biography
Directory of Medical Specialists
Who's Who in America
Who's Who in American Science
World Leaders in Science
World Who's Who in Science
Who's Who in the West
Who's Who in Frontiers of Science and Technology
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RONALD YUKIO NAKASONE
Graduate Theological Union
Institute of Buddhist Studies
1900 Addison Street
Berkeley, CA 94704
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
Core Doctoral Faculty, Graduate Theological Union/Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, CA,
July 1987 to present
Responsibilities: teaching Mahayana, Chinese and Japanese Buddhist philosophy,
Buddhist ethics, Buddhist and Japanese aesthetics, homiletics, practical ministry; research
and publications; thesis advising
Dean for Student Affairs, Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1987-present
Responsibilities: Student advising and counselling. Buddhist services and ritual,
planning special programs and lectures; curator of art exhibits
Minister, San Jose Buddhist Church, May 1983 to August 1986
Responsibilities: ritual, sermons, temple administration, counselling; visitations
etc.
Japanese Analyst with the U.S. Army Publication Review Unit, Silver Spring, MD, June 1981 -
April 1983.
Reviewed, translated and analyzed political, technical and economic publications
Lecturer, Dept. of East Asian Languages, University of Hawaii, Jan. 1980 - June 1981
Responsibilities: teach first and second year Japanese (Jordan I and II); teach
calligraphy on a non-credit basis
,
Instructor, Japanese Conversation, Adult Education, Pearl City High School (part-time), Sept.
1979 - Dec. 1979).
Translator/Interpreter, Oscar Mayer Co., Madison, WI, 1977 (intermittently). Interpreting and
translating of Japanese to English and English to Japanese.
Teaching English as a Second Language, Kyoto, Japan, 1969-75.
Graphic Artist, Planning Dept., City & County of Honolulu, Hawaii, 1968-69.
Prepared visual aids for public hearings; designed and coordinated the publication of
government publications; researched and requisitioned visual aid equipment, etc.
Illustrator, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1967-68.
Developed visual aid materials for Japanese language textbook.
CURRENT RESEARCH
Ethics:
"Decisionmaking in context of Buddhist notions of interdependence and karma, and
its application in Japanese medicine," part of an attempt to develop a theory of
Buddhist approach to bioethics
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"Illness and Holiness: A Study of AIDS in an American Zen Community." To be
presented at the Medicine and Its Stories Conference, May 1992
Buddhist Studies:
An interpretative study of the Awakening of Faith based on Chinese and Japanese
sources
EDUCATION
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Ph.D., Buddhist Studies, 1980 (Ph.D. Minor in Philosophy)
Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan, M.A., Buddhist Studies, 1975
University of Hawaii-Manoa, M.A., Oriental Art History, 1967
University of Hawaii-Manoa, B.A., Philosophy, 1965
Ordained Jodoshinshu Honganji Sect Buddhist Priest in 1983
PROFESSIONAL COMMITTEES
Scholarship Committee, Graduate Theological Union, 1991-92
Internal Review Board, Science Application International Cooperation, Menlo Park, CA.
Internal review of cognitive science research projects funded by U.S. Government
involving human subjects. 1991-present.
UC-Berkeley Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects, 1988-1991; internal review of
research protocols involving human subjects
Steering Committee for the Northern California Interfaith Network, 1989-present; sponsor
programs of common concern
ACADEMIC AWARDS:
Luce Grant, Graduate Theological Union, 1991-92.
Visiting Professor, Ryukoku University, 1990.
Visiting Scholar, Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard University, 1986-87.
Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Fellowship, 1978-79.
Visiting Scholar, Institute of Buddhist Culture, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan, 1978-79.
Hawaii Tendai Fellowship, 1976 and 1977 academic years.
PERSONAL DATA:
SGFOIA3
.
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