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s turn Psychology has always strived for respectability as a
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND LEVELS OF REAL e. For this reason it adopted the parameters of Classic Phys
PART I - ESP AS A COMPONENT IN SOME Pping to attain the same precision and objectivity. However,
GICAL DISORDERS
d not keep pace with the evolution of Physics and Parapsycho
and without questioning more deeply its basic assumptions, it
ned within the theoretical model proposed by Classic Physics.
KISKOS, Julika. and SAMUEL Andree.
Clinical Psychologists
Sociedade de Pesquisas Psicobiofisicafers to us that questioning reality has much to do with Clinical
Sao Paulo
São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
ology because, as psychotherapists, we deal with human beings
heir subjective reality - and this often means that we have to
the so called altered states of consciousness. The main aspect
is question is that the expression of the ASC may be adapted
it, as we shall see further on.
ir clinical pratice and also in our parapsychological research
(ve noticed that in many cases which could be considered as bor
ig pathology, there is an ESP factor mingled with the symptoms
Abstract: Clinical Psychology has not taken into, account evichaviour of the patient. As examples we cite cases of some of
provided by other areas of research that point to the existeatients that could be included in this category.
other levels of reality. Therefore, that which is not percein
through physical senses is often considered as being of a patBE - We had a patient who complained, amongst other things,
cal nature. The authors have observed that in some psychologi she sometimes felt as if she were floating near the ceiling. Once,
disorders sometimes there is an ESP factor mingled with the pthat position, she saw her body sitting on the easy chair in
Symptoms, and which are only taken into account as a proof of
"insanity". Reports made by some patients' and trained sensit
of a group of people who had come to visit her. Another pa-
reported that several times she felt as if she moved out of
about their perceptions are similar. The difference between tody reaching the wall opposite to her bed and that, from there,
lies in the fact that the former experience their perceptioncould see her own body lying on the bed. It is more than natural
chaotic manner and are overwhelmed by them, while the latter
experiences of this nature trigger a psychological reaction
Ing the patient to doubt her sanity.
learned to discriminate between ESP and common perceptions,
taining their psychical integrity.
ychokinetic phenomena - We have a patient who hears noises and
When in 1882 the Society for Psychical Research of London stalives movements in the house: crashes in the kitchen, doors that
making scientific studies of paranormal phenomena, the model
[and close, objects changing place, etc. From the traditional
of view we would say that she is hallucinating. However, due
reality conceived was dictated by Newtonian Physics - and in
model there was no place for phenomena which conflicted with ir knowledge and experience with the phenomenon of poltergeist,
principles.
me to the conclusion that she was not hallucinating. Recently
members of the family have heard and seen the same things,
But the theory of Relativity as well as the developments of Arming that our reasoning was correct. Psychokinetic phenomena
Physics shattered this model of a mechanistic and orderly Univhot uncommon. Not knowing about them, however, may cause the
Today we know that Classic Physics became limited because it lopment of psychological problems associated to the stress
described a certain level of reality - the level that we perc ved.
through our senses. However, it was not adequate to describe
phenomena that take place at the sub-atomic level and which erecognition - We had a patient who had precognitive dreams,
our perception.
connected with the death or accidents with relations or
Mintances. These precognitive dreams led to the development of a
For a long time Parapsychology has been studying phenomena wheal thought loaded with guilt. This sense of guilt was dealt
point to other levels of reality. What makes these observation in psychotherapy making her aware that there was no direct rela
important is that they originate from different areas of rese between this type of dream and the death or accidents of the
which, on comparison, form a network of evidence pointing to Je she knew. She was also made aware of her ESP capacity. In
levels of reality.
itional psychotherapy dreams are often regarded as a catharsis
Pconscious desires, However, sometimes they may also be a bridge
The nature of reality is questioned both by physicists and papen cther levels of reality and ours. Psychotherapists who work
chologists. Einstein commented on this question as follows: "interpretation of dreams should be well aware of this fact.
material world ... constitutes the whole world of appearance,
not the whole world of reality; we may think of it as formingicking up symptoms - We had opportunity of following up cases of
Cross section of the world of reality."
Le displaying somatic or psychological symptoms, making them seek
ors or psychologists. The treatments, however, were not success-
We came across the same type of phenomenon in our clinical
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practice. We also noticed that these symptoms shifted, leadingchotronic Research, in 1977, in Tokyo, entitled "Healing at a
different diagnosis by different specialists. Our observationstance: Some Evidences Suggestive of Theta Agent Influence in
cate that certain people have a sensitivity which causes them thological Disturbances", we named these entities "theta agents"
unknowingly act as "lightning conductors" in their environment;
picking up moods or physical symptoms of the people nearby. Whoay consider these "theta agents" as
natural phenomena, there
trained to develop their ESP faculty, they learn to control ith subject to the laws of Nature, or we can also give them a reli
are no longer at its mercy. Trained sensitives can often manifes connotation. From our point of view, however, the religious
the symptoms experienced by a patient they do not know at the ect that these phenomena might have is due to Man's interpreta-
mention of his name, whether the patient is known or unknown th and not to the phenomena itself. As our working hypothesis, we
those present. There are persons who possess this faculty but aed for the existence of theta agents. We did this because apart
unaware of it and suffer the influences of their environment. " the explanation one might give them - subconscious of the sen
ive, fraud, telepathy, clairvoyance, "this world-ESP", etc. - we
For the last few years we have studied people with ESP and theiced the influence of such theta agents on some patients. In most
studies indicate that in certain disturbances classified as "mche cases they can be removed through certain processes we use.
illness" there are ESP components. Usually an ESP manifestationthe theta agents were merely the result of the subjectivity of
looked upon as another element pointing to the fact that the it sensitive or due to his ESP, the improvement we noticed due to
ual is insane. ESP truly has its part in this picture, becausel means we applied would not have occurred.
makes the individual receptive to influences of many kinds; and
also reinforces the idea the patient himself and others have of way theta agents act and how they present themselves was des-
disturbance, i.e., he is most probably becoming insane, due tobed in the paper mentioned previously, as well as in the second
weird perceptions and sensations he experiences.
t of this paper which is being presented at this IV Conference,
er the title "ESP as an Aid to Psychotherapy in Some Psycho-
It is impossible to ignore the similarities between certain perical Disorders".
tions of patients committed to asylums and the description give
sensitives. The difference, in terms of what is experienced, bus natural that ESP should not be uniform in everyone. The inten
patient, lies in the fact that trained sensitives discriminateb of the manifestations vary from person to person and so does
tween ESP and common perception, while the person who is a sem type of ESP. In the same manner, the way ESP manifests itself
but not aware of it, gets in emotional states which end by cret interferes in the patient's life is closely related to the
ucture of his personality. These two aspects are closely inter-
Jen and consequently the effects of this interrelation vary from
or aggravating maladjustment.
Clairvoyance is often found in people who are diagnosed as "memson to person.
ill". What they perceive is not taken into account as it is com
dered the result of a sick mind. Their perceptions are only talther side to this question is the influence theta agents have on
into account as one more proof of their "insanity". However, cltain persons, whether they have or do not have ESP. The effect
Voyance as well as clairaudience are often found in sensitivesthe influence may be psychopathological, psychophysiological or
ironmental. The difference felt between people who have or do
Here again there is a difference not in that which is perceived have ESP is that the former can become mentally confused as they
rather in the experience triggered by the perception. The psych, feel or hear things that other people do not.
experiences his perception in a chaotic manner and is overwhelm
by it; the trained sensitive learns to control his ESP; he may
the same perceptions, but maintains his psychical integrity.
patient may feel at the mercy of "supernatural" forces with no
sibility of controlling them. The fear of being different from
lers and, as such, running the risk of being called "insane" and
There are also innumerable patient reports regarding the percephaps being committed to an asylum, acts as another destructive
or sensing of what they describe as entities at their side. Toitor.
a briefing on such cases it is sufficient to consult a few psyq
Pathology textbooks or to visit some psychiatric institutions aknow sensitives who have gone through this experience but who
chat with patients. It is interesting to note that no matter the overcome the maladjustment caused by their untrained ESP; they
environment or the cultural background from which the patient orned to deal with it using it to their own benefit and also to
that which is perceived has similar characteristics in a great ip others.
of cases, pointing to a universality in the content of what is
ceived. We believe that this content is universal because it depsychotherapists we should be alert to patients' reports, trying
with another level of reality which can also be perceived by peapprehend their reality however strange it may seem to us, and
who are adapted and possess ESP.
without being overconcerned with fitting their symptoms into
of the pre-established psychopathological categories. As we get
As a working hypothesis, we consider that these entities (seen, know our patients, we become familiar with the dynamics and
felt or perceived as "voices") exist in another level of realitucture of their personality, enabling us to understand and
In our paper, presented at the III International Conference on ceive their problems better. If we detect a particular type of
, it should be our duty to make them aware of it, helping them
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:
understand what is happening. When ESP experiences are no longe
felt as a threat, the activation of internal resources during
therapy allow the patient to mitigate or overcome resistances,
actualizing his tendency towards recovery.
The purpose of this paper is to expand the traditional concept
the individual vs. environment, taking into account the possib
of other levels of reality which can interact with the individ
It is not our intention to substitute today's psychotherapic
knowledge - but only to add to it another dimension, aiming at
holistic understanding of the patient and his reality, as well
his recovery.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND LEVELS OF REALITY :
PART II - ESP AS AN AID TO PSYCHOTHERAPY
IN SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
SAMUEL, Andree. and KISKOS, Julika
Clinical Psychologists
Sociedade de Pesquisas Psicobiofisicas-de
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo, S.P., Brazil
REFERENCES
Capra, F. The Tao of Physics, Great Britain: The Chaucer Press,
fract: The authors discuss the interactions between other levels
Ellenberger, H.F. The Discovery of the Unconscious. New York: Reality and ours in cases involving patients with psychological
Books, Inc., 1970
Irders of various kinds. Trained sensitives were used in this
and often manifested extraneous personalities (named theta
Jaspers, Karl. Psicopatologia Geral. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria its by the authors), and who were involved with the patients. A
neu, 1973, vol I and II.
ription is made of the theta agents observed and their inter-
on with the patients. Removal of thetaragents by means of
Kiskos, J. and Samuel, A. Healing at a Distance: Some Evidencesain procedures is followed by an improvement in the patients'
Suggestive of Theta Agent Influence in Psychological Disturbandition. This approach combined with traditional psychotherappy
In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Psycho-is up new possibilities for patients whose prognosis of recovery
tronic Research. Tokyo, 1977, Vol. II, 481
LeShan, L. The Medium, the Mystic and the Physicist. New York: oduction
Viking Press, 1974.
Price, H.H. Mediumship and Human Survival. In Wheatley, J.M.O.
Edge, H.L. (ed. ) Philosophical Dimensions of Parapsychology.
Springfield: Bannerstone House, 1976.
Tart, C.T. Altered States of Consciousness. New York: John Wile
Sons, Inc., 1972
Toben, B. Space, Time and Beyond. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1975.
346
remote or dependent on extensive psychotherapy.
1977, at the III International Conference on Psychotronic
arch in Tokyo, we presented a paper discussing the possibility
of luencing at a distance people with various types of psycho-
cal disorders, aiming at/relieving or removing the symptoms
trienced. After experimenting during three years, we had come to
conclusion that this could be done. However, we also found out
personalities extraneous to the members of the group in some
is manifested themselves, suggesting an interrelation between
Ipsychological disorders of some patients and the influence of
personalities - which we named "theta agents". Also in this
ir, we described the types of theta agents we came across, as
{ as the improvemente and relapses observed in patients as we
It with these agents. The subjects selected for our sample did
know that they were being focused by the group, were not
jrgoing psychotherapy and had been showing certain symptoms for
than a year.
purpose of this paper is to take up these aspects and extend
based on observations made during the last two years.
ing Hypothesis
observations, as pointed out in our paper "ESP as a Component
Some Psychological Disorders", which is being presented at this
Conference, led us to consider that there might be another level
reality, unperceived by our senses, but which could interact with
lindividual. Apparently, besides the classical interaction
[vidual vs: environment, there could be a third one that we
Id call "spiritual", "Spiritual" is probably not the best word
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