CIA-RDP96-00792R000700270001-1

Approved For Release 2000/08/11 CIA-RDP96-00792R000700270001-1
Cape Bojeador
Bangui
Santa Ana "San Vicente
Bacarra
Orani
Bulacany
Bocaue
LINGAYEN GULF
San Nicolas
Samal
The Allies, landing here January 9, 1945, Dingras4
** Kabugap
Marilao
Survived four days of brutal
Cabugao
air assault to begin one of the
Banqued
Tugueg raat
denied use of Manila Bay to the Japanese for
of World War N.
Tobula
Balandiye months. December 7, 1941 to May 6. 1942.
130
May 17 - June 14, 1945 - T Bontoct
Tagudin !:
Banaue
MANILA
Quezon City ?
Bangar;
TUlepanto co
Mind 09 Santiago
B
.
A
secured Manila. March 4. 1045:
„Makatì
Bolinao .
& Trinidad
.Casiguran
BAY
Cemetery and Memorial-
Bani
Dagupan Agno R.
A
In the most notable victory of
Pasay +)\
Lingayant
"San Carlos
Commodore George Dewey defeated
Paranaque
Santa Cruzd
Bigbiga.
Cabanatuan
Fall of this island fortress on
Kayit
May 6. 1942. ended organized
./mus bagun's
Alabang !!
ENDED HERE.
Subley
Malolos
klands
Corregidor.
Muntinglupat
Ofan Quezon City
Caballo
STATUTE MILES
Batzan Jan. 7- April 9,1942;
Bataa"MANILA Bateros Lamon Bay
K 1 bag. de Bay
Corregidor
Jose Panganiban
Santa Cruz
Daet
Pandan Yog Pt.
Marula
Taal Vokamy "San Pablo
Calauag +
16: LagonoyViga
Catanduanes
Lubart
Batangas
Bay Mulanay.
pavo. IrigaWayon Volcano
San Jos
6750
Masbat
· diongan Sibuyan
es Mobo
Tablas
.. Coron
Semirara Mindoro Dec. 15. 1944. Sen
MASBATE
C1bayog
SAMAR
Culion
Pandan-
kalibo
Visavan Biliran
Borongan
Linapacan
Culasi
Tapaz
Seu
Leyte.
LEYTE GULF
Agutaya.
&Pasti
Oct. 20 - Dec 26.1944,-
in the decisive battie
Cuyo Islar ds
Canipo
Janiuay Pototan
·Cadiz
"Guivan
Taytay
Inuquan Bay
Araceli
Dan /Guimaras
"Dumaran
La Carlota
Toledo
N
Panay Gulf
GuilyAngan
"Maasin
Dinagat
Cauayan+
M
Cagayan
Islands
Cagayancillo*
3 ON
Sea.
Mainit
Tabon
spog Aborlan
Dumaquete?
· Camiquin
Lanuza
Siatony
Cabadbaran +1-4030
Hilonghilong
A
Major Battles: Land Sea Ma
S
U
L
u
Oroquieta
Bay
de Oro
Hmatuan- Bishy
CARTOGRAPHIC DIVISION
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Balabac, .Balabac
5
Balabac. Strait.
, TAIWAN FORMOSA)
BURMA
THONG
KONG
Batan Is.
Hainan
Pacific
Keenapusan
VIET NAM
Luzon
Cagayan Sulu
PHILIPPINES
Muligi Is.
Basilan Strait
Bansalar
Davno .Governor Generoso
Isabela= \Lamitan
3347
Tacurone f Sulop" Malalag
Tupi"
REIJNEN
Turtle Is.
Mobo Beach,
Tongquil
MALAYSIA
Sandakan"
Cap Parang& Joko
Kiamba +
Sumaun
SINGAPORE
Borneo
Guinea
+Sukau
.Tambisan
Group
INDONESIA
MALAYSIA
Sumbasumba
Indian
(SABAH)
Tataan k.
Jiva
./ Timor AUSTRALIA
S-E-A-
52
Sitankar Bongao
120
125
PHILIPPINE
Z
GOVERNMENT: Republic. LAND AREA: 115,830
square miles, about the size of Arizona, extending
1,150 miles north and south, the sweep of Wash-
ington, Oregon, and California combined. POPU-
LATION: 32.600,000, mainly of Malay stock. LAN-
GUAGE: Officially Pilipino (Tagalog): English
(spoken by 40%), Spanish, 80-odd native dialects.
RELIGION: 83% Roman Catholic; Aglipayan (an
independent Christian secti, Moslem, Protestant
minorities. ECONOMY: Copra, sugar, abaca, lum-
ber, fishing, gold, lead, manganese, iron, copper,
chromite. CITIES: Manila, port, industrial center
(pop. 1,339,000); Quezon City (Manila suburb),
! capital; Baguio, summer capital: Pasay; Cebu,
CLIMATE: Hot, humid, heavy rainfall.
Bongabong"
Bulan Y
San Bernardino Str.
Laoang
Roxas
.ablon
Ticao PpeAllen
0
CALAMIAN GROUP
Islands
Ibajay
Cataingan
Catbalogan Wright
H
Culion
Cabulauan Is.
Nangud -1927
PANAY
‘Sara
Levte
Tacloban Basey
Japan's naval power was smashed
of October 23-26. 1944
"Cuyo San Jose") Iloilo !!
Bacolod
Ban Carias
Balamban
PAL Gulf
Baybay buyog ano Str.
Flugan Bas
Cleopatra Needle
Puerto Princesa
Quezon V
*Siquijor
Mindanao
Butuan
Marangas
P
Dipolog
Iligun
Sligan
Malaybalay Bistich, Poly
Bancoran
Labason
4035 M
DIN
A
AO
Ipil
E
A
lalangışı
*Bayang
Kibawe
„Baganga
.Bay Midsayap
Panaborragum
.Caraga
Sibuco.
Bay
Olutanga Cotabato
Manay.
\Kidapawan "tDavao"
Moro Gulf Datu Piang
Samu! „Mati
Zamboangat
Lupon
CAMBODIA
Ocean
Basilan
in Mindanao
Pangutaran Group .Fangutaran
Tapiantana Group
Palimbang.
General Santos
Laparan
Samales Group
Tapul.
Celebes
.
Tapul S
Tinaca Pt. ...
Batulaki
Miangas
(Palmas)
Tawitawi
ARCHIPELAGO
Sarangatii Islands
Indonesia
.Tandubas
Sanga Sanga +
Ocean
Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000700270001-1
*
PHILIPPINES
M
ORE THAN 7,000 ISLANDS and islets rise
from a partly submerged mountain
chain to form the Philippines. Largely trop-
ical wilderness, 90 percent of the islands are
uninhabited, 60 percent unnamed. Two-
thirds of the population lives on the two
largest islands, Luzon and Mindanao.
Abucay
MacArthur's stubborn defense of Bataan
Novaliches
most extensive land campaigns
Vigan Z.
Narvacan
Car.don
Bessang Pass
Ilagan
Malabon
Roxas
Palanan
Pilar
Cauayan
San Fernando
Bauang
Pullg + 963% }Solano'
Pasig R.
MANILAX
Phy
Lingayen Guis
Predominantly of Malay origin, Filipinos
trace their origins as far back as 3000 B.C.,
to the first immigrants from Indonesia and
Malaya. Hillsides terraced with rice fields
bear witness to ancient engineering skills.
In the 14th century Arab missionaries
brought Islam to the
Maronut R. Ungeles' Za Fernando.
"Concepcion
resistance to Japanese occupation.
Rosario
Polillo
15º
Malinta Tunnel
de Bov
southern islands.
The Christian influ-
ence dates from 1521,
when Magellanland-
San Nicdlasei 4Liba- Luce
Lake
"Tayabas
Bondoc
Nabakarog
KRIbi-Virac
"! Calapant
c Panta Cruz LigaoL
Legaspi
Sorsogon
Burias Donsol" . Magallanes
Sablayan
"huyan
Cabcaben
Cavite"
CAMPO YON
Cape San Ildefonso
A
Baler
the Spanish fleet here on May I, 1898.
OSANALEY ALS
U.S. NAVAL STATION
PONNELLO
Baogor
THESLARK A. R.
Gapan
LUZON
BATAAN "DEATH MARCH"
Sulus and other
Olongapo
San Miguel Bay
ed on Cebu, opening the way for Spanish
Lubang Is.
colonization in 1565. Spain's rule lasted 333
years, ending with the Spanish-American
War. The United States guided the Philip-
2
MINDORO
pines during the next 48 years, leaving a
heritage of language and liberty. The nation
became fully independent on July 4, 1946.
Mindoro Strait
I
Busuanga
Mamburaos Naujart>
Thduque
the Spanish-American War-
MANILA INTERNATKINAL
AIRPORT 1
San Jose
Las Piñas
ac Bongabon
fighting ended when the Allies
.Bayombong
Manila American
T
Limay
A month of bitter house-to-house
Obando Rolo
Laoag
Apancia Boquey
Iligan Pt.
"Pampanga R.
Mactan
Dinagat
Bahel
Xbar
PROPOSED FERRY
BOHO
Surigàó
Dapa Siargao
00
Hinoba-an
Tanjay
L. Minit
E
STATUTE MILES
Elevations in Feet Soundings in Fathoms
Places with Scheduled Air Service +
Dapitan
Gingood'
Esperanza
Lianga
Bugsafki.
Sindangan
Ozamizł
Liloy
Tancubr Tubodi Marawi
Lingig
San Miguel Is.
S
Pagadis
Mana Malabang
Kanbingis
L. Largo
Maramag
dateel .
CHINA
50
100
A
Bayawan
Hilongos
Cebu
Surig
Rokas
Malampaya Sound
Bacuit Bay"EI
Roxas
Villareal
Bogo, Ormoc Buravent
"Leyte
LEYTE
100g
Sipalay
Cagayan
Bigos
Gulf
Lebak Norda Koronadal
I Band
.Surup
Cape San Agustin
LU-UK
Dongdong
.Jose Abad Santos ...............
.Siasi SULU
CELE B E S Sarangani Bay. Glar
THAILAND
South China Sea
Catarman
Oras?
Valley Head

still keep that idealism from flowering fully.
Far more than wars and occupation, geogra-
phy has fragmented the Republic of the Philip-
pines. Its 32,600,000 people live on a galaxy
of islands strung out north and south for 1,150
miles between the Pacific Ocean and the South
China Sea (maps, pages 312-13).
No one knows how many islands there are:
the republic itself says simply "more than 7,100."
New islands appear from time to time as vol-
canoes thrust their smoking cones above the sea.
And, after a few years of pounding by the waves,
some of these new islands vanish.
The eruption of Taal Volcano on September
28, 1965, emphasized again the influence of
titanic natural forces on life in the Philippines.
The verano, rising as an island in Lake Taal.
40 miles south of Manila, roared for three
days and bla ted out untold tons of mud and
glowires pumice (pages 306-7). Fields and
house were buried under siltlike ash. Two
hundre
people lost their lives, and thousands
of honless on the island and around the lake
wire
Ren to relief centers.
A RDP 96 001 92R000700270001-
My wife wanted to get away, but I
wante Ro watch a little longer. The eruptions
were nut very strong at first,
"Ab&Qt half an hour later, a deafening blast
shook The island. It was time to leave."
Concado Andal jammed 20 women and
children into the same small boat we were
using They started north, away from the vol-
cano's eruption center. They had traveled
about Go and a half miles when another ex-
plosion" split the night.
"There was a big volume of gas and steam,"
Mr. Agdal said. "That was when the storm
and electrical display started. It was just like
Roman andles-flashes of red and yellow."
90/68
The @uption, possibly triggered by seepage
of wat from the lake into the depths of the
earth, created its own thunderstorm. Billions
of gallons of water, steam, gas, and mud
churnedpinto the air.
Mr. - "ndal remembered shouting to boat-
loads of Refugees from the island to head north.
"I was afraid of the big waves that would
come," @ told us. His warnings could not be
heard MLthe noisy night. Many of the volca-
no's vicons drowned when seismic waves en-
gulfed Mir overloaded boats.
On September 30, 1965, Taal spewed up a
black chader cone 1,000 feet in diameter. It
formed & horseshoe islet (visible in inlet at
upper acht, page 307). Wisps of steam still
escaped from the cone near the water line as
We climbed its gently sloping side and had a
picnic lunch on the rim.
MANILA TIMES (RIGHT): KODACHROME BY TED SPIEGEL, RAPHO GUILLUMETTE @ N.G.S.
Crater-pocked time bomb, Taal Volcano rises
from Lake Taal, 40 miles south of Manila. Dor-
mant for half a century, the volcanic island sud-
denly erupted in September, 1965, blasting out the
inlet at upper right and spewing ash and pumice
from the new crater in the inlet. Steam shot a thou-
sand feet aloft, spreading debris so thick that it
buried scores of the cataclysm's 200 victims and
their flourishing stands of coconut and banana.
Two days later the volcano still belched (inset).
306
Nearly 3,000 people lived on the five-mile-long
by three-mile-wide island before the eruption;
many have since returned to their homes. Water-
filled crater at center of the large picture formed
in a 1911 eruption that claimed 1,335 lives.
307
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