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Printed in the United Kingdom
Psychophysiological Correlates of
Communication, Gravitation and Unity
The Syntergic Theory
J. GRINBERG-ZYLBERBAUM
Profesor e Investigador de Tiempo Completo. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional Para el Estudio de la Conciencia
The syntergic theory postulates that the brain creates an energetic field (the neuronal field)
that expands into space, interacts with the space-matter continuum, is able to change the
informational content of the latter and thus affects other neuronal fields and physical
forces. According to this theory, gravitation is a by-product of an alteration in the inform-
ational content of the space-matter continuum, and human communication is based on
neuronal field interactions.
It is proposed that a brain operating in a highly coherent mode and in an abstract fashion
(high neurosyntergic brain) creates a neuronal field that would decrease the gravitational
forces around it. By the same token, a brain functioning in a relatively noncoherent mode
and in a concrete fashion (low neurosyntergic brain) creates a neuronal field that could
shift the informational content of the surrounding space toward that modality.
In the syntergic theory, experience is considered as the interaction between the neuronal
field and the energetic (syntergic) organization of space. A high neurosyntergic brain will
experience unity, while a low neurosyntergic brain will experience reality from the vantage
point of a personal ego.
A high neurosyntergic brain would increase the syntergy of space and thus could affect
the experience resulting from the interaction of other neuronal fields with that altered
space.
This approach is the one that contemporary physics requires in order to be able to
incorporate experience into its realm and thus expand its limits to include life and con-
sciousness. I suggest that this step will allow physics to find the elusive unified field.
A number of experiments have been designed in order to tests these ideas; the results
of some of them are here reported.
1. THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION
A few months before his death, Zen master Shunryu Suzuki said:
... Nothing comes from outside your mind. Usually we think of our mind as receiving
impressions and experience from outside, but that is not a true understanding of our mind.
The true understanding is that the mind includes everything; when you think something
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comes from outside, it means only that something appears in your mind. Nothing outside
yourself can cause any trouble. You yourself make the waves in your mind. If you leave
your mind as it is, it will become calm. This mind is called 'big mind'.
If your mind is related to something outside itself, that mind is a small mind, a limited
mind. If your mind is not related to anything else, then there is no dualistic understanding
in the activity of your mind. You understand activity as just waves of your mind. Big mind
experiences everything within itself. Do you understand the difference between the two
minds; the mind which includes everything, and the mind which is related to something?
Actually they are the same thing, but the understanding is different, and your attitude
towards your life will be different according to which understanding you have.
That everything is included within your mind is the essence of mind. To experience
this is to have religious feeling. Even though waves arise, the essence of your mind is pure;
it is just like clear water with a few waves. Actually water always has waves. Waves are the
practice of water. To speak of waves apart from water or water apart from waves is a delusion.
Water and waves are one. Big mind and small mind are one. When you understand your
mind in this way, you have some security in your feeling. As your mind does not expect
anything from outside, it is always filled. A mind with waves in it is not a disturbed mind,
but actually an amplified one. Whatever your experience is an expression of big mind.
(Suzuki, 1977)
.
Can we postulate some physiological correlative of Suzuki's big mind?
The existence of a unified big mind, implies that space as a concept and as a
physical reality is no more than an illusion. If this is true, then also, the concept
of distance must be abandoned.
Equally true, the existence of a unique mind, if accepted, makes cumbersome
the reality of individual minds and isolated brain structures.
Since science is so cautious in its acceptance of new hypotheses, postulates
and theories, to incorporate within its structure the idea of a unique mind, it
would be necessary to prove that:
i)
Brain activity exists outside the skull.
ii) This extra-skull activity establishes a functional connection between
different brains and unites them.
iii) Space is a component in our brain's perceptual construction of reality.
iv) A fundamental energetic matrix exists behind every material object and
physical manifestation.
v) The feeling of individuality can be transcended to gain access to the
perception of unity.
Let us examine each one of the aforesaid postulates, in order to discuss their
validity.
1.1 Brain activity exists outside the skull
It is obvious that the existence of extra-skull brain activity is a basic condition
for all subsequent discussions about the unique mind. Without extra-skull activity,
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
22
the hypothesis about the existence of a unique big mind is unacceptable.
There are at least two pieces of evidence that support point 1.1. First, th
human magnetoencephalogram (Reite, Zimmerman, Edrich and Zimmerman
1976). Second, the recent discovery of a relationship between gravitationa
changes and brain activity (see section 5 below).
Both the magnetoencephalogram and the gravitational effect show that
there must be some kind of a field emanating from the human skull and a secting
the surrounding space (see section 5 below).
It has been postulated (Grinberg-Zylberbaum, 1981a, b) that as a result of
all the neuronal interactions in 50 milliseconds of brain activity (the duration
of the present interval, see Torres and Canseco, 1980), a synergic .find (the
neuronal field) is created inside the brain microstructure, and later on esspands
into the surrounding space.
In relation to the aforesaid micro-structure, K.H. Pribram writes:
The aggregate of slow potentials present over an extended location at any momen:
can be
described as a state which has a micro-structure. The arrival of impulses at ephaptic or
synaptic junctions is never a solitary event. Axonal terminations are usually multiple, i.e.
axons branch at their ends. As many as 1000 synapses may characterize the junctional
possibilities between a pair of neurons. Dendrites are tree-like almost by definition, dis-
playing many fine fibered branches which crisscross, making multiple contacte smong
neurons, contacts which for some cells (e.g. the amacrine of the retina) include structured
synapses. Thus ephaptic and synaptic events, those that are composed at the junctions
between neurons, form a pattern. Inferences about the nature of such a pattern san be
made from the known fine structure of the brain and the electrical activity recordes from
it. Several such inferences suggest that these patterns make up wave froms
(Pribram, 1977).
These wave fronts must be three-dimensional and in some cases must
volve
large portions of the brain. The neuronal field emerges as a result of the global
activation of the brain microstructure of which the above mentioned 2wave
fronts are only part.
Furthermore, in the experiment about the relationship between brain activity
and gravitational forces mentioned before, it was found that a non-locat and
global change in inter-hemispheric coherence ('coherence' is defined as ac
rain
state in which similar EEG patterns and similar evoked potentials are recorded
simultaneously in both hemispheres) correlated with gravitational changes. A
detailed description of this experiment will be presented in section 5.
A global change in brain activity is probably more related to a synergi-field
emergence than a local EEG alteration.
A theoretical construction (the syntergic theory, Grinberg-Zylberbaum,
1979, 1980a, 1981a, b) dealing with the neuronal field will be discussed later
on in this article.
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1.2 This extra-skull activity establishes a functional connection between
different brains and unites them
To accept this postulate, it is first necessary to prove that a real and direct
intercourse between brains exists without the use of known sensory interactions.
Evidence that during human communication direct nonsensorial interchanges
of significant messages occur, has been obtained (Grinberg-Zylberbaum, Cueli
and Szydlo, 1978) and it will be discussed and extended in the experimental
section of the present paper. Here, it is enough to say that the aforesaid direct
communication occurred whenever a high correlation between individual inter-
hemispheric coherences appeared in the brains of the subject during the
communication sessions.
The fact that both direct communication and gravitational changes occur
in direct correlation with the brain modifications in inter-hemispheric coherence
supports the idea about the existence of the neuronal field and its physiological
role as a device to unite the activity of individual brains.
The postulated connection between different brains through their neuronal
fields must involve some medium or matrix in which the interaction between
neuronal fields could happen. One possibility in regard to this hypothetical
medium is the quantum field described by contemporary physics (Capra, 1976).
This last hypothesis will be discussed in 1.4 below.
1.3 Space is a component in our brain's perceptual construction of reality
In the interaction between our retinal receptors and the energetic information
contained in the space of the interaction, a transformation of the quantum
field matrix occurs. In this transformation, the information contained in the
quantum field is transferred first to local, analogical microchanges in membrane
potentials and later on into propagated, digital action or spike potentials in the
axons of the optic nerve.
Perceptual reality as we know it is neither the reality of the quantum field,
nor the neuroelectric reality of our brain activity. Further energetic transformation
must be postulated in order to explain our perceptual experience. When the
propagated information carried through the digital messages in the optic nerve
reaches deeper structures in our brain, at least two families of further energetic
transformations occur. First, convergence-divergence networks concentrate
digitalized messages in "neuro-algorithms" (Grinberg-Zylberbaum, 1976a, b;
1981a). These neuro-algorithms unify disperse activity in logical neuronal
patterns (Grinberg-Zylberbaum, 1976b). The neuro-algorithmic processes are
the basis of concept formation, imagination and meaning (Grinberg-Zylberbaum,
1980a).
If an energy system located in the quantum field is capable of being neuro-
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
23.
algorithmized by the brain, it will be perceived as a concrete object. If an energy
system is so complex as to exceed the neuroalgorithmic capacity of the brain
this organization will not be perceived at all or it will be seen as a blurred con-
figuration. This last is the case for space. In reality, space is so complex ad ful.
of information that our brain is only capable of decodifying the little po@lon of
it transecting our retinal receptors. If we could decodify and perceivecsimult-
aneously all the portions of space, we could see a solid. Thus space as transparent
and space as an empty and dividing entity is a delusion.
Second, besides the neuroalgorithmic processes, wave fronts (Pribranc1977)
appear as slow potentials in the dendritic microstructure of the braingif the
neuroalgorithmic logic has as its function the management of a digital universe,
the wave fronts activation deals with the analogical universe inside oug brain.
Both unify disperse activity but serve different functions. The neuroalgorithmic
logic deals with linear problem solving processes, while the wave front acvity is
the basis of both the neuronal field and our perceptual experience.
6
Furthermore, an interaction between the neuroalgorithmic activationand the
wave front excitation can be conceived as a means to modulate extremely
complex patterns of energy. These patterns must be incorporated
info the
morphological three-dimensional structure of the neuronal field.
I
A good example of patterns developed through complex interaction are the
Cymatics patterns (Jenny, 1973). In them, extremely complex forms of patterns
are activated when a vibrating field (i.e. a sound) interacts with a metales plate
on which fine licopodium powder has been deposited. These Cymatic potterns
follow very interesting laws. For example, with an increase in the frequency of
the field, the complexity of the Cymatic pattern increases but a fundamental
form in it is maintained.
According to the syntergic theory (Grinberg-Zylberbaum, 1978, 1979,
3980a,
1981a, b) a Cymatic-type interaction occurs between the neuronal field umd the
quantum field. This interaction is the basis of our perceptual experienceund of
experience in general.
Therefore, both the neuroalgorithmic and the neuronalquantum fiel inter-
action processes, indicate that transparent space is only a particular levegof our
brain's perceptual construction of reality. Thus, a real medium of separation
between material objects, brains or energetic fields, does not exist.
1.4 A fundamental energetic matrix exists behind every material object a
physical manifestation
Specialists in the physics of elementary particles (Capra, 1976) have been claiming
that the sudden appearance of particles from the seeming nothingness, as well as
the opposite, the disappearance of elementary particles in space as a result of
interactions, points towards the idea that a fundamental energetic matrix exists
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behind the universe of known particles and objects. These scientists have called
this matrix "the quantum field". They claim that when activated, this field
changes in one or in several of its locations, changing some parameters (e.g. fre-
quency) of itself. This parametric change is detected as an elementary particle.
Since these elementary particles are the basis of every material manifestation,
every object, brain, body, etc, is a particular or specific manifestation of the
same field.
1.5 The feeling of individuality can be transcended to gain access to the
perception of unity
All the great mystics in human history have claimed that the perception of
unity is not only possible, but that it is the most natural and truly human
feeling (Vivekananda, 1963, 1975; Cooke, 1970; Khan, 1978). Furthermore,
their description of the state of unity does not involve losing the feeling of the
self but expanding it (Santa Teresa, 1578, 1976) into everything (Suzuki, 1977).
In other words, individuality is not lost during the perception of unity, but is
truly transcended. If the perception of unity exists and the state of unity is
real, then there must be reliable neurophysiological techniques that could be
used to activate both, the perception and the state of unity. Furthermore, a
neurophysiological explanation of the state of unity and its perception must
exist.
In the following and last section of this theoretical introduction, answers
to these two questions will be sought.
2. A TECHNIQUE TO STIMULATE THE STATE OF UNITY
For many years, our laboratory has been searching for reliable neurophysiological
techniques to stimulate the perception and the state of unity (Grinberg-
Zylberbaum and Riefkohl, 1980). We tried several modalities of the EEG bio-
feedback technique (e.g. alpha with closed eyes, alpha with open eyes, theta
with closed eyes and theta with open eyes) without success. Then we decided to
use a very sophisticated evoked potential biofeedback technique (Grinberg-
Zylberbaum, 1980a) in which a subject could actually see his own evoked
potential components in order to relate his subjective experience to them. The
results were fascinating and will be published elsewhere (Grinberg-Zylberbaum
and Ornelas, 1980). Here, it is enough to say that very well trained subjects
are able to correlate their subjective experience with even the low latency
primary components of the visual evoked potentials as if their focal attention
could be localized in the beginning of the brain decodification of incoming
signals. Fascinating as it was, the technique failed to stimulate unity.
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
23
Then, we decided to present to our subjects 200 msecs. samples of their EE(
spontaneous activity recorded from four different bipolar derivations on thei
skull. Two derivations from the anterior and posterior locations of the righ
hemisphere, and the other two from homologous places on the left hem@here.
A scale was constructed that allowed us to quantify the similitude etweer
pairs of EEG patterns. Thus we were able to measure the degree of:
i)
Anterior inter-hemispheric coherence.
ii) Posterior inter-hemispheric coherence.
iii) Right intra-hemispheric coherence.
iv) Left intra-hemispheric coherence.
The task of the trained subjects was to correlate their subjective experience
with the degrees of these coherences.
The detailed results and methods are to be published in a separate paper.
The important result for us here is that this technique can be used to simulate
the state and the perception of unity. In a sample of five trained subj
in 50
sessions, all of them reported that when the similitude between the above
coherences was very high, they felt a sense of unification in themselves and
in relation to others. They also reported a feeling of peace and understanding
about the "delusive subject-object dichotomy" (Grinberg-Zylberbaum and
Riefkohl, 1980).
In other words, a high and simultaneous inter- and intrahemispheat level
of coherence (a high global coherence), correlated with the perception and
the state of unity in our subjects.
Thus, the state and the perception of unity can be stimulated and earned.
In this last regard, it should be said that, in order to reach the levels of coderence
which correlated with the state of unity, our subjects had to train themselves
very hard and for a long time (at least several months) in this spontaneo. EEG
coherence biofeedback technique.
We also learned that the spontaneous EEG coherence biofeedback technique
does not work by itself; it is rather only a tool that can stimulate the Date of
unity. The real process that helps to reach the state of unity takes place at a
much deeper level. Our biofeedback technique only activates this process and
helps to detect very subtle subjective and hidden information.
Nevertheless, it is clear that when the aforesaid internal process reaches a
level allowing the subject to perceive himself as lacking separation from very-
thing else, a high global brain coherence appears.
Approved ForRe
We were delighted but not surprised by these findings. They corresponded
well with our gravitational and communication studies results and were almost
predictable from them.
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235
3. A NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL THEORY OF UNITY. THE SYNTERGIC
THEORY
When the informational organization of space is analyzed, the direct relationship
between convergence and redundance of light information stands out as a
remarkable fact (Grinberg-Zylberbaum, 1981b).
I begin this section with this statement, because the relationship between
convergence and redundance is seminal in itself and basic for an understanding
of the syntergic theory and our neurophysiological approach to unity. In the
syntergic theory, space is conceived as a matrix capable of concentrating inform-
ation in each of its points or locations (Grinberg-Zylberbaum, 1981a). A high
syntergic space is a region of space in which each location concentrates more
information than a low syntergic space. A high syntergic space is a space located
far away from any material object. A good example of this space is some location
in extraterrestrial space far away from any star. In this space an astronaut would
be able to see wide regions of the Universe through a small hole made in a piece
of paper. What the eye of this hypothetical astronaut sees is the space of the
hole. In this small region of space, far away from any star, large amounts of
information will be concentrated.
The same observer, now located on the surface of the Earth and using the
same hole, would see only a limited portion of the planet. Thus, near an object,
space concentrates less information about it than it does when far away. Obviously,
the relationship between concentration of information and distance is relative
and depends upon other things such as directionality. Thus, an observer on the
surface of a planet is able to receive large amounts of information in the direction
of the sky and (from the same spot) less information if he directs his gaze
towards the surface of the planet. This means that, in a specific location of
space, there is a coexistence of high and low syntergic organizations of inform-
ation. The interaction of an observer with a particular region of the syntergic
spectrum depends on the aforesaid direction of gaze and (as we shall see later)
on the level of consciousness of the observer.
Now let us consider the relationship between concentration of information
and redundance of information. A high syntergic space, in addition to concen-
trating large amounts of information in each one of its locations, is more
redundant than a low syntergic space. An observer located on the surface of the
earth and seeing the moon while he travels has the impression that the moon
follows his movements. At this distance between the earth and its satellite, the
photonic-visual information that the moon reflects is highly redundant; thus,
each location of the space from which the observer gazes contains almost identical
information. Because what the observer perceives is the space that activates his
retinal receptors and this space contains almost the same information in each
one of its locations, the observer sees a moon that follows his movements. Thus,
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
a direct relationship between redundance and concentration of information
exists in space in general and in a high syntergic space in particular. The opposite
is also true. If instead of gazing towards the moon, the observer directs his
retinal receptors toward the road on which he is travelling, he will see a barred
image. At the small distance between the observer and the road, the concentration
of information in each location of space that activates the retina of the observer
is relatively small. Consequently, information there is distributed in ~low
redundance fashion. Each location of that space activates the retina
the
observer with different information. In the duration of the perceptual posent
(50 msec. is the time necessary to build a visual image) of the observed, the
resulting image will be a blurred one.
The relationship between redundance and amount of information in high
and low syntergic spaces solves the (until now) puzzling problem of the "retive
movement phenomenon" in the psychology of perception.
ROP96-00792R00070
A convergence network of information can be conceived as a fundancental
feature of the informational organization of space. In this regard, the convergence
organization of space and of the brain are similar (see Grinberg-Zylberbaum,
1981a), and the concept of neuroalgorithms could correlate with a similar
algorithmic organization of information in space. Thus, a direct relationship
between convergence and redundance of information exists in space and probably
also in the brain.
Some of the brain convergence operations were analyzed by A.R. Luria (1973)
in his studies about the synthetic functions of the cortex. Luria stated that the
synthetic operations related to the language process are represented in. comcal
networks and locations with more convergence power than the locations re sjed
to neuropsychological operations with a lesser degree of complexity. Even more,
according to clinical observations (Luria, 1973), when a high synthetic locakon
of the cortex is damaged, its effect upon the neuropsychological operat@ns
is more complex and extended than the effect caused by the damage of a Less
powerful synthetic region.
This view is (remarkably) very similar to the one that the Kabalist Øge
Rabbi Isaac Luria offered in his analysis of the Sephirot. Each of the Sephirot
is a "sphere" located near or far away from the mystical Ein Sof infinite cerare
of God. According to Luria the Kabalist, consciousness can be located in different
spheres. When it abides near the Ein Sof, it has more power to affect the other
Sephirot than when it is located far away from the centre.
pp
Returning to Luria, the Russian neuropsychologist, the synthetic operations
seem to be almost identical to the brain neurosyntergic operations and these
last ones seem to be similar to the syntergic organization of space.
A high syntergic space is a space that contains more information about itself
in each one of its locations than a low syntergic space. Thus, a high syntergic
space is more unified. The relationship between syntergy and redundance
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points toward the same conclusion; a high redundance space is a more unified
space. A similar conclusion is reached in relation to the high neurosyntergic
mode of functioning which involves a higher capacity to concentrate inform-
ation and thus an increase of the abstract function. By the same token, a high
neurosyntergic mode is a more unified mode. If a neuronal network could
concentrate in a neuroalgorithmic logic all the information about the brain, it
could unify the brain. Possibly a similar mechanism is the physiological correlate
of the self.
Now, the aforesaid statements mean that different neurosyntergic levels of
operation can coexist in the same human brain and in different brains, each one
related to a distinctive capacity for unification. Furthermore, a unification
capacity is, undoubtedly, related to a specific level of abstract thought and also
to a particular level of consciousness. Thus, the neurophysiological correlates
of abstract thought and distinctive levels of consciousness are precisely the
physiological mechanisms related to unification. These mechanisms are the
neurosyntergic ones.
I am now ready to postulate a physiological explanation of the unified
mind, the Big Mind of Suzuki (1977).
I postulate that a change in the neurosyntergic level of operation of a
particular brain evokes a corresponding alteration in the energetic characteristics
of the neuronal field created by that brain. Furthermore, I postulate that a
raising of the neurosyntergic functioning level of a human brain evokes an
alteration in its neuronal field such as to cause its energetic characteristics to
approach the ones observed in a high syntergic space. Thus, the possibility
of an interaction between a high syntergic space and a brain increases as a
result of the raising of the level of that brain's neurosyntergic level of
functioning.
When a brain reaches its greatest level of neurosyntergic power, that brain
becomes unified in itself. Simultaneously, its neuronal field interacts with the
high syntergic spectra of space and hence with information concentrated from
wide regions of the Universe. When experience is the interaction between the
neuronal field and the syntergic energetic organization of space, the experience
of the observer will be of a unified whole.
The physical characteristics of the interaction between neuronal fields and
the syntergic energetic organization of space are completely unknown. We hope
that the data that we have gathered in regard to the process of human commun-
ication will help to develop understanding of this problem.
Before the presentation of our data, let us summarize some of our basic
theoretical concepts:
i)
Empty space is a delusion. What we call space is in reality an energetic
matrix filled with information. We only see one point of this matrix each time
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
that we gaze at some object. If we could see all the locations of space simult-
aneously, space would appear to us as a solid.
ii) A high syntergic space concentrates in each one of its location vast
amounts of information in a highly redundant fashion. A similar organization
can be seen in a holographic plate (Caulfield and Lu Sun, 1970). The eCreme
of syntergy is a space in which each location contains information about the
rest of the Universe. This space would be the mythical Aleph of Jorge Luis
Borges (1970).
iii) Our human brain creates a syntergic energetic field as a result of al the
neuronal interactions occurring in a finite interval of time (presumably this
interval is the "duration of the perceptual present", measuring around 50 sec.).
iv) The brain field or neuronal field interacts with the syntergic organ zation
of space, the interaction being with the corresponding spectra of the sy ergic
continuum most similar with the energetic morphological characteristics
the
neuronal field.
v) The characteristics of the neuronal field mimic the changes ocvaring
inside the brain. A brain with a high capacity for abstract information and a
great sense of internal unification, presumably is a brain with an extended
capacity for neuroalgorithmic creation through the activation of high power
convergence circuits. This brain will create a neuronal field resembling p high
syntergic space, i.e. with greater internal coherence, redundance and concen @tion
of information.
vii) When a neuronal field is capable of interacting with the high syntergic
portions of space, the resulting experience will be a holistic and unifiednone;
the observer will experience a state of unification with everything else
the
Universe.
viii) Thus, a unified Mind exists and can be experienced.
Obviously, when the energetic characteristics of the neuronal field an
the
quantum syntergic field become identical, the two fields become One (strictly
speaking, they are always One).
We decided to study the phenomenon of human communication becausein it
a small model of the interaction between fields could be observed and some of
its manifestations recorded. We considered that when two or more h@man
beings communicate between them, their neuronal fields interact. Furthermore,
we thought that when the communication reaches a level of empatic order in
which feelings, thoughts, emotions and other psychological phenomena are
shared without the use of verbalizations (we call "direct" this level of commun-
ication), the similitude between the neuronal fields in interaction reaches an
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vi) Experience is the interaction between the neuronal field an
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J. GRINBERG-ZYLBERBAUM
identity and becomes One (once again strictly speaking they are always One).
We hoped that some EEG measurements would manifest correlative changes
with the neuronal field interactions.
4.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
4.1 First experiment (method)
This experiment was done with pairs of subjects during a semi-therapeutic series
of sessions. In each session, a veteran psychoanalyst, with more than 20 years
in the practice of psychoanalysis, sat with a patient in order to establish a
direct empatic communication.
Using the analyst's experience, we were able to construct a scale with which
communication could be measured. This scale had ten divisions. When the
communication reached a direct level, the measurement was 10. When there
. was a complete absence of communication, the reading was 0.
The sessions took place in a Gesell room or in a semisilent therapeutic room.
A Sony video-tape recorder was used to record the movements and sounds of
the pair of subjects during each session. The analyst (with the help of an assistant)
viewed the tapes after the sessions and used the 10 point scale in order to con-
struct a communication graph. Each 120 seconds a measurement was made. The
criteria for each measurement were always the same and involved: movements,
words, respiration rate and body messages.
Sometimes, the video-tapes were reviewed and blindly compared in order to
retest the communication scale and measurements. The results of these test-
retest compatability checks were excellent. Only a 5 to 10 percent disagreement
was found.
Simultaneously with the video-tape observations, an EEG recording of at
least four monopolar derivations of each subject was done during each session.
At least six sessions were held with each subject; thus, when the study was
finished, we had the complete outline of the 10-20 International EEG system of
derivations.
The communication technique used by the analyst varied with each subject.
Sometimes it began with verbalizations and movements (limited by the wiring
of the EEG cables); sometimes it was without verbalizations. In either case, the
measure of communication transcended the logical aspect of the messages and
took account of the empatic ones.
The EEG recordings were made using a portable eight channel EEG Alvar
machine, and were analyzed without the use of any electronic computer system.
This visual analysis had to be done by a human being because of the lack of
availability of any pattern recognition EEG analysis type of machine.
Pairs of EEG derivations were compared for their morphological and frequency
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
23
similarities. The comparisons were made between one derivation and all th
rest during one second in the same periods of the video-tape analysis "A scal
was constructed in order to translate the morphological and frequency com
parisons into numbers compatible with the communication ones. Thuga scal
going from 0 to 100 was constructed; zero meaning complete lack of similitude
and 100 complete identity between EEG patterns. In the description ofExperi
ment 3 below, the details of this analysis and transformations are given.
All the EEG analyses were done blindly with respect to the communication.
analysis. Thus, the communication analysis was done without knovong the
EEG analysis results and conversely, the EEG analysis was done without Rowing
the communication analysis results. Furthermore, both analyses were done by
different experts.
Non-parametric correlation test and statistics were used.
4.2 First experiment (results)
We asked three questions when we began experiment 1:
i)
Is there any correlation between the communication level tod the
similarities in the EEG patterns of two brain derivations, one of the analyst and
the other belonging to the patient?
ii) Is there some relationship between the communication level and the
coherence of the analyst brain or the coherence of the patient brain?
The first question was answered by relating the communication level var etions
with the EEG patterns correlation recorded from both brains in homologous
sites.
The second question was answered by relating the communication_level
variations with the changes in the analyst brain coherence and the Qtient
brain coherence.
The third question was answered by analysing the relationship between the
patient's and analyst's brain coherences.
Of all the correlations, the following were the only ones above 0.3:
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iii) Is there any correlation between the coherence of the analyst bren and
the patient brain?
i)
First, a positive 0.58 value of correlation was found between the commun-
ication level and the values of coherence in the EEG patterns recorded from T5
derivation from the patient's and the analyst's brain. Figure 1 shows this result.
It can be seen that both variables, the coherence between brains and the
communication level are highly correlated. This result means that when the level
of communication between the patient and the analyst increased, the similitude
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COMMUNICATION
LEVEL
EEG
CORRELATION
10
9
8
7
0
6
5
4
3
2
*
1
+
+
-4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ANALYSIS
POINTS
FIGURE 1
Shows the different values in the level of communication (solid line with
crosses) and the values of the correlation found when the EEG activity in T5 zone of the
analyst was compared with the EEG activity in TS zone of the patient (solid line with
circles). These results were obtained during a communication session in which seven points
of analysis were made. The statistical analysis gave a positive 0.58 value of correlation
between the levels of communication and the EEG.
between their left temporal brain derivation (T5) EEGs increased. We obtained
the aforesaid result in one patient with whom the analyst had an especially good
and empatic relationship. We failed to detect the same result in other subjects.
ii) Answering the second question, we found a negative 0.40 value of
correlation between the analyst's C3 and C4 derivations EEG patterns coherence
and the communication levels, and a positive 0.34 value of correlation between
the patient's EEG coherence recorded in the same C3 and C4 derivations and the
communication levels. In Figures 2 and 3 these results are shown. Thus, we
found that when the communication level increased the analyst's interhemispheric
C3-C4 EEG coherence diminished while the patient's interhemispheric C3-C4
EEG coherence increased.
These results were found in a patient-analyst relationship in which the analyst
sensed high levels of repressed aggression.
We failed to detect the same result in other patients.
iii) Finally, we found a negative 0.44 value of correlation between the
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
COMMUNICATION
LEVEL
COHERENCE
10
9 4
x
8-
7 +
6
5+
+
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 13
14
ANALYSIS POINTS
FIGURE 2
Shows the different values in the communication level (solid line with croeses)
and the values of the coherence between the EEG patterns recorded from C3 and C4 deniv-
ations in the analyst's brain (solid line with circles). These results were obtained duhhg
a communication session in which 14 points of analysis were made. A negative 0.40 valucof
correlation was obtained between these variables. Thus, when C3-C4 level of EEG coherence
increased in the analyst's brain, the level of communication with his patient diminished.
C3-C4 EEG patient and analyst coherences. This result means that a correlation
exists between two subjects' brain coherences while they are in communication.
When we finished this experiment, we were convinced that some brain zones
show more relationship than others with the communication phenomenon. APo,
that two brains in communication manifest similar patterns of EEG activity.
Simultaneously with the aforesaid conclusions, experiment 1 left us wan
many doubts. First, we were unable to find the same results in the six patients
that we studied. Secondly, the C3-C4 EEG patterns and their coherence during
the communication session were probably related to some subtle movement
operation rather than with a more abstract function. Thirdly, our communication
scale was unable to distinguish subtle changes in the 9 to 10 region.
We decided to make a second experiment in order to clarify our doubts and
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243
COMMUNICATION
COHERENCE
10
0
9 -
G
×
8 -
.
7 -
6 4
5
+
+
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
8
9
10 11
12
13 14
ANALYSIS POINTS
FIGURE 3
Shows the different values of the communication level (solid line with crosses)
and the values of the coherence between the EEG patterns recorded from C3 and C4 deriv-
ations of the patient brain (solid line with circles). A positive 0.34 correlation was obtained
between the variables.
we reviewed our video tapes and EEG recordings in order to find if the subjects
that were able to establish a 9 to 10 level of communication had similar EEG
patterns.
We found that in the sessions in which the analyst reported more empatic
feelings toward the patient, the frontal EEG derivations of both brains showed
a maintained increase of similitude, while the same region during a low empatic
session showed many variations in their pattern similitude. We were not able
to control for eye movements. Thus we were not able to determine how much
they were involved in this last result.
4.3 Second experiment (method)
In this experiment we were able to make more controls and we introduced a
third person in the communication sessions. In this second experiment, we
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
decided to concentrate our attention on the communication procedure. Thus,
we only made bipolar frontal recordings controlling for the eye movements of
our subjects.
A detailed EEG analysis during human communication was postponed for
the third experiment (see below).
The aforesaid decision was taken because of the lack of the uniform Ty of
the results obtained in experiment 1. We thought that the absence of a
standardized communication procedure avoided the attainment of uaform
results. Thus, in experiment 2 we developed a controlled technique for staying
direct communication. The procedure was the following:
For several months, three subjects were trained in the voluntary act Sation
i)
of a feeling of pressure localized exactly in between the eyebrows. This @eling
can be activated if during a meditation session the subject is instructed to
concentrate his attention in the space between the eyebrows. This touning
procedure was used until our three subjects were able to activate and deactivate
the aforesaid mild pressure feeling. Simultaneously with this trainin
the
subjects also learnt to maintain a fixed eye position, thus diminishin
eye
movements to a minimum.
ii) The subjects were trained to press a button connected to a circuit
signalling the instant in which the pressure between the eyebrows appeared
iii) The subjects sat inside a Faraday cage with the eyes closed and iasemi-
darkness. Each time that they felt the pressure activated, they sent a sigs21 (by
pressing the button) to an adjacent room in which a bipolar recording Q_their
frontal EEG activity was taking place.
4.4 Second experiment (results)
A total of 20 sessions were made with the original three subject grong and
later on, 10 more sessions were done with another, three subject group Thus
a total of six subjects were studied in 30 sessions.
In all these sessions except the first two with the original group of subjects
and the first one with the second group, a most remarkable result was obtained;
when one of the subjects felt the pressure activation, at least one of the rengining
subjects and in some cases the two of them also felt the activation in them@lves.
When questioned after the sessions, the subjects stated that a clear increase
in the intensity of the pressure feeling appeared when they were in the group by
comparison with the isolated individual activation.
They also assured us that "somehow" they knew when the activation of
another member of the group occurred. Furthermore, they declared that the
activation in one of them clearly stimulated the activation in the rest of the
group, and that they could feel this group interaction.
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245
Left frontal
Tobe
A.High coherence
activated mode
Right frontal
Tobe
Left frontal
lobe
B.Low coherence
deactivated mode
Right frontal
lobe
50-V
1 -
1 sec
FIGURE 4 Shows typical recordings of EEG measurement taken from a subject's right
frontal derivation (upper trace) and left frontal derivation (lower trace) both during acti-
vation (A) and during deactivation (B).
These results are in agreement with the existence of a direct level of commun-
ication.
In regard to the EEG recordings, Figure 4 shows a typical frontal EEG
pattern during activation and in the absence of activation.
When the subjects were activated, we noticed an increase in their frontal
inter-hemispheric level of EEG coherence.
4.5 Third experiment (method)
The results obtained during the second experiment, are in agreement with the
observation about the existence of a direct communication level (10 in our
scale) made during experiment 1. Furthermore, they (the method and results
during experiment 2) established a standardized procedure for making EEG-
communication studies in human beings.
Unfortunately for the methodological procedure, but thankfully for us
humans, human communication transcends and is more complex than a simple
pressure feeling between the eyebrows. In order to study the EEG correlates
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
of a truly complex human communication session without missing the flavour
of the phenomenon but simultaneously assuring an adequate level of standard-
ization and control, we decided to combine the best feature of the first End
second experiments in a third experiment.
In this, experiment 3, we decided to use the following method:
i) A total of eight subjects from 22 to 33 years of age, four women and
four men were trained to evoke internal images at will, and to detect pory
subtle subjective changes in themselves. More than a year of intense indiviegal
and group meditation sessions elapsed until they were ready to participatein
experiment 3.
The meditation techniques used during the training period were Zen, Trans-
cendental and Sufi group meditation. These techniques stimulate a state of poce
and receptivity, considered ideal for the study of communication. The detailed
procedures will be published in a separate paper.
ii) When (i) was completed, the subjects were trained to maintain
gir
meditative state in a Faraday shielded room with EEG electrodes attachedo
their heads.
I
iii) Groups of 2 to 4 subjects sat quietly inside this room in complete dark-
ness while a bipolar EEG was recorded on a Beckman machine located in another
room. The subjects sat comfortably in special seats without touching eesh
other and with a minimal distance of at least 30 centimeters between them.
iv) The subjects were instructed to close their eyes and to enter the meditative
state, trying to establish communication with their fellows. Every two minutes,
the session was interrupted and the subjects wrote or taped their subjectwe
experience during that time. This 2 minutes interval was called a 'trial'. Tobe
subjects were able to report their experiences at the end of each trial because
during their training period they had learned to verbalize internal states without
hesitation or inhibitions. Adequate feedback at the end of each trial was given
in order to inform the subjects about the occurrence of similar or identical
contents in their communications.
v) Derivations F7, F3, F4, F8, T3, T5, T4 and T6 were used. Thus, at t]
end of experiment 3 we had at least one record of each derivation
each subject.
Approved For Releas
vi) Communication was measured using a scale with four values; 0, 1, 2 aoi
3. Zero meant absence of similarity between reports and three complete ident
between reports. We considered that 3 was a direct communication value.
The reports were analyzed blindly by two independent judges in order to
test for the scale and criteria compatibility. The correlation between the aforesaid
independent judges was positive and had a value of 0.89 being statistically
significant at the 0.05 level. In Table I the scoring of both judges is shown.
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TABLE I
This table shows the scores assigned to the subjects reports by judge A (second column) and
judge B (third column) during 22 trials (first column) in four different sessions. A non-
parametric correlation test gave a value of 0.89 with a p = 0.05. Thus a very high compat-
ibility in the measurements of the written reports was achieved.
Verbal report scoring compatibility
Session
Trial
Judge A
Judge B
Difference
July 5 1979
1ª
0
0
2
1
0
1
3
2
1
1
4
2
1
1
5
3
3
0
6
2
2
0
July 9 1979
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
0
3
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
5
2
1
1
July 12 1979
1
2
2
0
2
3
2
1
3
0
0
0
4
1
2
1
5
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
July 16 1979
1
0
0
0
2
2
3
1
3
0
0
0
4
1
1
0
5b
3
3
0
a Trial depicted in Figure 6.
b Trial depicted in l'igure 5.
vii) The EEG analysis consisted of a coherence study in which pairs of
derivations were compared. Each trial of each session was divided into five
sections. Each section lasted 24 seconds. One second from these 24 was chosen
to make the coherence analysis. To choose this second of activity (point) the
only criterion was to find a recording free of artefacts. Thus, if a session had 6
trials, 30 points of analysis were used. We considered this density of analysis to
be sufficiently accurate.
Each point in one derivation was compared with each point in all derivations
using the following criteria:
a) Three parameters were compared; morphology, frequency and phase.
b) To measure morphology, the EEG pattern in each point was studied
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
2-
visually and the amount of correspondence or agreement between@patter
decided. A scale from 0 to 50 was constructed in order to quantify th
measurement. 50 meant complete identity between patterns and 0 no Bnilarit
between EEG patterns.
c) Frequency was measured by counting the number of cycles in eac
point. If both derivations had exactly the same number of cycles, wassigne
the number 30 to that point. If a difference of 5 cycles was found, a number 1
was assigned and if the difference was 10 or more cycles in each Ant, th
number 0 was given.
ス
d) To study phase, we used a scale from 0 to 20. If a similar moopholog:
was found in a point in two derivations, the beginning of each pattern wa
compared with the beginning of the other pattern. If both patterns bege in the
same instant, a value of 20 was assigned. If the beginning of one pattern Coincide
with the end of the other, O was assigned.
e) Finally, the coherence\ value was obtained by adding the
Falues o
morphology (50%), frequency (30%) and phase (20%). Thus, a score df 50 in
morphology, 30 in frequency and 20 in phase was a 100% coherence
point
with that coherence value was completely identical with another point, A zerc
coherence value was obtained when both EEG patterns were completely different.
The coherence values were compared with the communication values
order
to study their relationship. Each pair of inter-hemispheric coheren
were
compared and a correlation test was applied to them. These correlation values
were also compared with the communication values.
4.6 Third experiment (results)
Human
The final results of this experiment can be summarized as follows:
communication is directly related to the correlation of inter-hemospheric
coherences recorded from the brains of the subjects in communication. In other
words, two or more subjects communicate with each other when th
inter
hemispheric coherence of their brains increase and decrease together
Thus
human communication occurs when the participants in it share thei@inter-
hemispheric brain coherences.
In all the studied cases, when a high correlation between individua inter-
hemispheric coherences was obtained, the verbal reports of the resulting
communication rated high in our communication scale. Also, when a low
correlation between individual inter-hemispheric coherences was obtained, the
verbal reports of the resulting communication rated low in our communication
scale.
The following figures depict two typical and extreme cases of high and low
correlation between temporal derivations.
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COHERENCE
70
T
60
Subject A O
50
+
:
40
30
Subject 8
20
10
€
+
2
3
4
5
ANALYSIS POINTS
FIGURE 5
Shows the values of the temporal inter-hemispheric coherences of 2 subjects
during the communication session of July 16th 1979. A correlation value of 0.96 significant
at a p = 0.05 was found.
In Figure 5, trial 5 from the July 16th 1979 session is shown.
As can be seen from Table I, this trial was considered as deserving a value of
3 in the scale of communication by the two judges (a direct communication
value).
The following is an extract from the reports of the two subjects that were
studied during this trial:
Subject A: ... first I saw an image of a sport trophy; a man with his hands up. Later I
thought about images. Finally I entered meditation . . .
Subject B:
. . . I let myself go. Then I saw a sport trophy made of gold. A lot of images.
Then I saw subject A as he is seated. Finally I saw the gold trophy again . . .
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
COHERENCE
100 ₸
A
80
60 +
O
Subject C
Subject 8
40
TSubject A
A
20
1
2
3
4
5
ANALYSIS POINTS
FIGURE 6
Shows the values of the temporal inter-hemispheric coherences of 3 subjects
during the communication session held on the 5th of July 1979. The highest correlation
value during this session was 0.09.
The statistical non-parametric correlation between the temporal coheredes at
A and B was 0.96, significant at p = 0.05.
In Figure 6, trial 1 from the July 5th 1979 session is shown.
As can be seen from Table I, this trial was rated 0 in the scale of communication
by the two judges.
The following is also an extract from the reports during this trial:
Subject A: ... First I was in a state of expectation. Later on I tried to concentrate and
to relax. I wanted to feel both B and C (subjects B and C) . ..
Subject B:
. .. I send the image of some planets. Later I opened myself in order to @ceive
some messages . . .
Subject C: Disperse thoughts . . .
The statistical non-parametric correlation of highest value during this trial
was 0.09.
Similar results were obtained for the frontal derivations. Thus, at least under
our conditions, the correlation between communication and inter-hemispheric
coherence is more global than local and possibly involves the whole cortex.
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Further studies are needed in order to clarify this statement and to extend
our results and verify them under conditions similar to and different from ours.
5. GENERAL DISCUSSION
In a related study, I demonstrated that a change in brain coherence was correlated
with alterations in gravity. During this experiment, all sessions were conducted
in a soundproof, electromagnetically shielded room that contained an inner
room resting on rubber cushions to filter and dissipate mechanical vibrations.
The chamber was located on the third floor of a highly stable building situated
on top of a mountain some 10 km from Mexico City, where the Psycho-
physiological Laboratories of Anahuac University are housed.
Experiments were conducted during the early evening to avoid noise,
mechanical vibrations, and other types of interference. Three boxes fitting
within one another were placed in the inner room: (from outside to inside)
(i) metal cage; (ii) a Faraday cage; (iii) a wooden box with double walls separated
by fibreglass. The metal box was resting on foam rubber and the wooden one
was suspended inside the other two so there was no wall contact. Inside the
third box a piece of metal weighing 0.1g was suspended from a Grass transducer
which was fixed to a metal bar placed on antivibrational sand (Figure 7). The
output of the transducer was recorded on a Grass polygraph located in another
room.
Nine different subjects ranging in age from 20 to 32 years old (six women and
three men) sat on a chair located 100 cm away from the metal box inside the
inner room. Bipolar electrodes were used to register frontal EEG activity from
both hemispheres, which was also recorded on the Grass polygraph. A sound
signal was given as a feedback signal to the subject each time that there was a
change in the status of the transducer.
Great care was taken to send a feedback signal only when there was a high
degree of security that the changes in the transducer were not caused by
mechanical vibrations in the building. Several control periods were recorded in
which there were no persons inside the soundproof chamber, in order to monitor
the normal fluctuations in the activity of the transducer and to establish baseline
activity.
A total of 28 sessions were carried out with the nine subjects over a period of
several months and the recordings were analyzed at the end of this time. Each
session was empirically divided into two periods: control, when no changes in
the output of the transducer were detected, and experimental, when a noticeable
change in the transducer was recorded. From 4 to 7 randomly chosen sequences
during both periods were analyzed for each session.
Five measurements were made on the selected portions of the recordings:
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
SOUND PROOF ROOM
800
2000
11
9
10
12-
1. Metal cage
7. Rubber foam
2. Faraday cage
8. External wall
3. Wood box
9. Internal wall
4. Transducer
10. Air chamber
5. Weight
11. Faraday cage
6. Sand
12. Rubber column
Figure 7
Diagram of the room in which the experiment was held.
FT, frequency of the transducer's signal; VT, voltage of the transducer's signal;
FR, frequency of the right frontal EEG recording; FL, frequency of the
frontal EEG recording; and C, coherence between the right and left EEG fro@al
recordings. Coherence was graded on a scale of 10 to 0: 10 represented identecal
morphology, frequency and voltage of both frontal EEG recordings, and0
signified total dissimilarity.
Whenever a significant change in the transducer's output was recorded a
sound signal was given to the subject who was instructed to use whatever mesas
possible to maintain the sound, with the exception of vocalizations, movements
or mechanical vibrations. Each subject participated in a series of sessions w@h
the aim of exploring different techniques for this purpose, but no one was
finally able to control voluntarily the weight of the metal object. At the endof
each session, the subjects wrote down their experiences and tried to identiy
the ones correlated with the sound feedback.
In general, a great deal of difficulty in maintaining the sound and eventi
identifying which experiences were related to its onset were reported. Tile
subjects all agreed that what happened was very difficult to know. This is
remarkable, considering the fact that at least two were meditators and one had
more than three years of practice in yoga and meditation. Therefore, the first
finding is that whatever caused the weight to change is very elusive in terms of
conscious experience.
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At least half the subjects reported that they felt something but that it was
impossible to verbalize. The ineffability of the experience is exemplified in the
following statements:
I felt a sense of transparency and peace and the sound appeared when I was trying to do
something but I can't say what.
I had a lot of images and suddenly I found the common ground for them; more precisely,
what was behind them in terms of explanations. Then, the sound appeared.
This last report is extremely important because it makes clear that an actual
change in weight is associated with the bringing into consciousness of formerly
unconscious relationships. More often, the subject said that the sound was
presented when he felt peaceful and as if there were an internal order, or when
he was able to transcend the experimental situation with the accompanying
sensation of being inside a soundproof chamber.
The lack of voluntary control over this experience is possibly due to the
limited number of sessions held with each subject. Nevertheless, there was a
clear increase in the number of sounds that at least one of the subjects was able
to activate as he was exposed to the experimental situation (Figure 8). Thus, it
appears that the ability to effect gravitational changes can be increased by
learning, even if the subjects are not able to verbalize the actual techniques
being used.
The mean of all the measurements taken over the 28 sessions are shown in
Table II. The most outstanding result is the increase in coherence found when a
change in weight was detected (24 out of 28 sessions: p = 0.00009 by sign test).
Some examples of recordings in which this increase was observed are shown in
Figure 9.
Number of
presen 'stions
in 1 Jser
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
5 6
Session number
FIGURE 8
The number of presentations of sound feedback signifying a change in the
status of the transducer. This increase with the number of sessions, demonstrating a capacity
for learning in the subject.
TABLE II
Mean values of EEG coherence, transducer frequency and voltage, and left and right frontal
lobe EEG frequency, obtained in the gravitation experiment.
Control
Mean
Experimental
Mean
5.821 FT
14.556 FT
0.114 VT
0.470 VT
16.468 FR
16.240 FR
16.170 FL
15.531 FL
0.262 C
0.335 C
FT - Transducer frequency.
VT - Transducer voltage.
FR - Right frontal lobe frequency.
FL - Left frontal fobe frequency.
C - EEG coherence.
Thus, an increase in the coherence of the EEG activity recorded from the
frontal lobes of human subjects is correlated with changes in the output of a
transducer located 100 cm from the head of the subjects and completely
isolated from them. One way of understanding this phenomenon is to suppose
that something emerged from the brain capable of passing through a metal box
a Faraday isolation chamber, two walls of wood and fibreglass, and reaching the
transducer with the weight suspended from it. The possibility that the changes
were caused by mechanical vibrations is small due to the construction of the
chamber and the transducer, and our controls. Likewise, the alterations wer
not caused by heat, movement of air, or any other physical forces.
If the explanation given above is true, there are two possible mechanisms
by which the weight change might be affected: (i) an increase in brain coherence
is able to create an electromagnetic field of such high power and frequency that
it is capable of penetrating the objects between the subject and the transducer
or (ii) an increase in coherence causes the structure of space to change, creating
gravitational waves. These waves might be produced by a modification in the
informational content of the syntergic field resulting from its interaction wik
a neuronal field.
An increase in coherence is in some sense an increase in redundancy within
the brain. One subject stated that the sound signal was elicited by finding to
common meaning behind different images. This is in agreement with the post ?-
lation of the syntergic theory that a high neurosyntergic brain is capable Of
approaching a state of unification. It is not known if the changes in coherence
are correlated with an increase or decrease in weight, since the transduce
limited to oscillatory responses.
We are now beginning a new experiment using laser technology that will
allow us to answer the questions of whether the weight change is caused by an
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1
1
2
3
4
:
A
B
A
A
B
1
1
1
2
3
A
B
A
B
50μν.
1 sec
FIGURE 9
Representative recordings from different subjects during control (A) and
experimental (B) periods. 1. Time (calibration, 1 sec); 2. Transducer recording; 3. EEG
recording from left frontal lobe; 4. EEG recording from right frontal lobe.
electromagnetic field or by a field more directly related to gravitation, and in
what direction is the change. Meanwhile, the present results suggest that a brain
is capable of altering the energetic structure of the space-matter continuum in a
way predicted by the syntergic theory, and that this ability can be augmented by
procedures using biofeedback techniques.
Now, in the communication study, similar inter-hemispheric coherence EEG
changes are correlated with the level of human communication. The probable
meaning of these findings has already been discussed in the theoretical
COMMUNICATION, GRAVITATION AND UNITY
introduction to this article. Briefly, a neuronal field, the product of all the
neuronal interactions in the duration of the present interval is being built insiu?
the brain and later on interacts with the fundamental structure of space. TION
field is capable of changing the gravitational structure of the space-matte
continuum and also interacts with other neuronal fields during communicatie
between human and possibly other beings.
An increase in coherence inside the brain increases the syntergic (see section
value of the neuronal field and thus raises the possibility of its interaction wie
high syntergic fields.
In the experiments reported here, it is clear that communication involves
interchange between inter-hemispheric coherences in the brains of the subjec
involved in it. Thus, these findings are in agreement with our theoretic
postulates. A full agreement requires a close and direct relationship between
level of coherence and the phenomenon of direct communication. In othes
words, if direct communication occurs when two or more brain inter-hemisphe
coherences are interchanged during high individual coherence levels and other
types of communication occur while two or more brain inter-hemisphefx
coherences are interchanged during medium or even low levels of individus
coherences, then a high syntergic state is related to unification as our theory
proclaims.
Obviously, we have tried to make observations about the character of th
messages that our subjects interchanged during high, medium and low levels
coherence, but the number of cases in each category was too low to reach
safe conclusion. Nevertheless the few cases that we have studied indicates the
a low level of individual coherence is related to messages having more concrete
contents and a high level of individual coherence to more abstract levels.
We need other laboratories to become involved in this fascinating field
the physiological correlates of gravitation, unity and human communication
order to reach solid conclusions about these questions. Meanwhile, our results
agree with the idea that all of us are One.
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Towards a Physics of Consciousness
J.D. VALENTINE
Bedford College, University of London
Parallels exist between the quantum mechanical behaviour of electrons in solids and the
characteristics of consciousness. For example, similarly to the non-localisation of electronco
in a crystal, consciousness at any instant spans all of its current contents and, just as electronic
events within separate quantum systems are independent of each other, so the consciousness
of each individual is private to himself.
Various physiological and biophysical mechanisms have, in the past, been suggested
discovered which might conceivably permit the formation of a unified quantum system
the sensory brain.
If conscious events are quantal events taking place in an extended system, the implication
of the time-energy uncertainty principle is that they are always in transition and that the" "
specious present is extended in time. This extension is necessary for the awareness of
movement or change and for the ordering of movements into a biography.
The existence of different sensory qualities makes reasonable certain hypotheses about
the topological nature of the sensory neural circuitry which is the locus of the above quantal
events.
1. INTRODUCTION
The areas of physics known as Optics and Acoustics serve as a reminder that the
entire subject has as its raw material human observations. Pearson (1937) claimed
that physical laws merely provide brief conceptual formulae that summarise the
routine of human perception and, in agreement with him, Einstein (1922)
stated that the subject matter of all natural science consists of such sense-
perceptions as are common to different individuals and which, therefore, are to
some degree impersonal. Although it is true that more recently developed areas,
such as electricity, seem often to deal with imperceptibles, it remains the case
as Schrödinger (1950) pointed out that all information, however many ingenious
devices have been used to facilitate the labour, goes back to the sense perceptions
of some living observer. Thus, the physical world (or whatever it is whose
effects upon the observer are described by Pearson's "conceptual formulae") is
a distillation from sensation. Now, the available evidence suggests that the
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