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Final Report
October 1982
PSYCHOENERGETICS RESEARCH IN
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (1982) (U)
By:
HAROLD E. PUTHOFF
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Final Report
Covering the Period October 1981 to October 1982
October 1982
PSYCHOENERGETICS RESEARCH IN
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (1982) (U)
By:
HAROLD E. PUTHOFF
SG1J
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CONTENTS (U)
ABSTRACT (U).
V
I
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW (U).
1
A.
Chronology of Major Events (U).
1
B.
Official Policy (U)
3
II
EAST-WEST EXCHANGE (U)
7
A.
China Psychoenergetics Tour -- Introduction (U).
7
B.
Institute of High Energy Physics (Beijing) (U).
8
c.
Shanghai Meeting with Editorial Staff of 'Nature'
( 'Ziran Zazhi' ) (U)
10
D.
PRC Representation at Cambridge Conference (U).
12
III
ASSESSMENT AND CONCLUSIONS (U)
17
A.
Assessment (U).
17
B.
Conclusions (U)
18
REFERENCES .
21
APPENDICES
A
EXCEPTIONAL HUMAN BODY RADIATION (U).
23
B
STUDY OF THE EXTRAORDINARY FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN BODY
IN CHINA (U).
37
C
PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CHINESE WORK ON EHBF (U).
49
SG1B
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ABSTRACT (U)
*
(U)
In this document we review the recent (1979 to present) rapid
escalation of interest and research activity in psychoenergetics phenomena
in the People's Republic of China. This includes evidence of large-scale
screening for talented individuals, officially-sanctioned pursuit of
research at the national laboratory level, continuing publication of
results in leading scientific journals, and official PRC representation
at international conferences on psychoenergetics phenomena.
SG1B
*
(U) Definition:
Human-mediated effects consisting of (1) the acquisition
of information not presented to any obvious sense, (2) the generation of
physical effects not mediated by any obvious mechanism.
V
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I
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW (U)
A.
Chronology of Major Events (U)
(U) Although interest in exceptional human functioning has historically
been part of China's tradition, "parapsychological" or "psychoenergetics"
studies have until recently been unacceptable as a subject of inquiry
under Marxist rule. As recently as 1975, for example, the official journal
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientia Sinica, carried an article
critical of increasing U.S. and Soviet interest in psychoenergetics."
(U) A reversal of this viewpoint can be traced to a report in the
March 11, 1979, Sichuan Daily, which apparently acted as a trigger for
renewed interest and exploration.
In that report it was claimed that a
12-yr-old boy, Tang Yu, was able to read written material placed in physical
contact with his ears. Although this claim was soon being criticized as
unscientific in, e.g., The People's Daily in May 1979, reports began to sur-
face from all over China that children elsewhere were duplicating this feat.
(U) In September 1979, a major monthly science journal, Nature (Ziran
Zazhi), carried a report entitled "Observation Report on the Non-Visual
Recognition of Images."
This report, written by a correspondent of the
journal on the basis of his own personal observations, provided support
for the claims.2
The journal then followed up in its October-December
issues with additional reports on experimental observations by scientists
*
at Beijing (Peking) University and elsewhere, which provided additional
evidence for authenticity of the claims.3-6
*
(U) "Peking" is translated as "Beijing" in the newer Pinyin transcription
system, declared the official system of the PRC in 1958.
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(U) These reports caught the attention of scientists throughout China,
many of whom assumed that some form of rudimentary biological function
was at cause, since early reports typically involved "reading" through the
skin. As a result, the initial approach to the phenomenon by the Chinese
scientists parallels in many respects earlier similar work of Romains on
"eyeless" sight?
and Soviet investigations into so-called "dermo-optic"
perception.ª
From this beginning, such functioning in China goes under a
rubric that translates as Extraordinary Human Body Function (EHBF). From
its original association with "skin-reading," this phrase has now been
broadened to include the entire range of phenomena that in the West are
called "parapsychological" or "psychoenergetic," since it was not long
before the reading of Chinese characters, numbers, etc. extended to
experiments involving noncontact forms of the phenomenon (e.g., use of
sealed containers, long distances, and so forth).
(U)
As a result of growing scientific interest, in February 1980 the
"First Science Symposium on the Extraordinary Function of the Human Body"
--
was held in Shanghai, sponsored by the editorial department of the journal
Nature.
Participants from over 20 colleges and research institutes were
in attendance, along with 14 children purported to possess EHBF skills,
which they demonstrated at the conference.
9
As a result of these demon-
strations a number of observers returned to their institutes to set up
research programs, and rigorous investigations began in earnest.
(U) These efforts were followed by a "Second Science Symposium in the
Extraordinary Function of the Human Body," held in Chongqing in May 1981.
At that symposium a professional group, the "Preparatory Committee of
the Chinese Human-Body Science Institute," was set up to act as an
organizing structure for work in the EHBF area.
(U)
Throughout the 1980 to 1981 period a continuing series of papers
on EHBF work were published in Nature, some of which have been translated
2
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(U)
and are available in English.1º
The first presentation of EHBF research
results to a professional audience outside of China took place at the
24th Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association affiliate of
the AAAS, held at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, August 1981.
*
There, Professor Zheng Rongliang, Division of Biophysics, Department of
Biology, Lanzhou University, on sabbatical to the Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Maryland, gave an overview of results reported to date.
(U)
In October 1981 the State Science Commission set up a special
group to study EHBF phenomena, and in February 1982 the Chinese Academy of
Sciences sponsored a public hearing on the phenomena.
In both formats a
wide spectrum of viewpoints was aired, including discussion of examples
in which it was concluded that deception had occurred.11
B.
Official Policy (U)
(U)
Despite criticisms from some quarters (notably, sociologist Yu
Kwong Yu) official acceptance of the potential importance of the study
of EHBF phenomena can be inferred from four key events in the 1981 to 1982
frame. One is the appearance of an entry on EHBF in the China Encyclopedic
Almanac of 1981 in its column on science and technology. Although carrying
a cautionary note that "there are still some people holding skeptical
attitudes with respect to the authenticity of the extraordinary function
of the human body," the development of the study of EHBF is discussed.
(U) A second indicator of official acceptance was the granting of
permission for a visit to China in October 1981 by a delegation of American
and Canadian parapsychologists, expressly to meet with Chinese researchers
in the EHBF area.
While in China members of the delegation had an
*
American Association for the Advancement of Science.
(U)
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(U)
opportunity to meet with EHBF research groups at Beijing (Peking) Uni-
versity, and at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of High-Energy
Physics (also in Beijing), and to discuss at length reported research
results and publication policies with the staff and Editor-in-Chief of
Nature.
(U) A third indication of official interest was the decision by the
PRC government to send two official representatives to the annual inter-
national convention of professional parapsychologists held in Cambridge,
England, August 1982. These representatives, both Deputy Directors of the
Institute of Space Medico-Engineering in Beijing, presented an authorita-
tive summary of Chinese work in a Special Symposium on PRC Studies, chaired
by Dr. H. E. Puthoff of SRI International.
(U) A fourth indication of official support for investigation of EHBF
is provided by a statement by the Secretary-General of the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP) , Hu Yao-pang :
*
"This so-called Exceptional Human Body Function is not yet
included in the different lines of present science which
have been accepted. Therefore, before the real truth has
been discovered, there should be no propaganda work on this
subject, and for this reason there should be no antagonistic
publication either. I think my two points are clear and
fair. On this subject a group of a limited number of
scientists should form a moderate-size research center to
study and carry out experiments, and the results of their
research work published for all those who are interested in
this new line of science."
SG1B
-
--
*
(U)
Hu Yaobang in Pinyin transcription.
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Table 1
TIME-LINE PLOT OF MAJOR PRC ACTIVITIES IN PSYCHOENERGETICS FIELD
March 11 -- Sichuan Daily report on "Ear Reading"
V September -- Nature observation report on "Non-Visual Recognition of Images"
Oct-Dec -- Nature reports on further experimental observations by scientists at Beijing (Peking) University
and elsewhere.
February -- Nature-sponsored "First Science Symposium on EHBF," Shanghai
May -- "Second Science Symposium on EHBF," Chongqing
May -- "Preparatory Committee of the Chinese Human-Body Science
Institute" professional group set up.
V Aug -- EHBF research results presented to 24th Annual
Parapsychology Assoc. Convention, Syracuse, N. Y.,
by Lanzhou Univ. Prof. on sabbatical at Johns Hopkins.
7 Oct -- State science commission sets up special
group to study EHBF.
Oct -- Group of U.S. and Canadian parapsychologists
visit Chinese labs and meet with researchers.
China Encyclopedic Alamanac, 1981, entry on EHBF
V
Feb -- Chinese Academy of Sciences sponsors
public hearing on EHBF.
V
Aug -- Two Deputy Directors of
the Institute of Space Medico-
Engineering, Beijing, present
Chinese EHBF results at 25th
Annual Parapsychology Assoc.
Convention (Cambridge, England).
V
Supportive statement by Hu
Yao-pang, Secretary-General of
the Chinese Communist Party
1
+
1979
1980
1981
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EAST-WEST EXCHANGE (U)
A.
China Psychoenergetics Tour -- Introduction (U)
(U)
In October 1981 a group of 18 American and Canadian scientists,
physicians and educators had an opportunity to visit the People's Republic
of China, specifically for the purpose of meeting with Chinese researchers
working in the EHBF area. The twelve-day stay, which took the group to
the cities of Beijing (Peking), Xian, and Shanghai, was organized as a
collaborative effort between a well-known American parapsychologist, Dr.
Stanley Krippner, Dean of the Faculty of the Humanistic Psychology
Institute in San Francisco, and Mrs. Shuhyin Mar, a retired University
of Maryland mathematics instructor interested in EHBF phenomena, with
family ties in China. Others in the group professionally involved in
psychoenergetics research and members of the Parapsychological Association
affiliate of the AAAS were, in addition to Dr. Krippner, Dr. H. E. Puthoff,
researcher at SRI International; Dr. Marcello Truzzi, sociologist at
Eastern Michigan University; Dr. Thelma Moss, psychologist/researcher
in private practice; and Mr. Jerry Solfvin, Ph.D. candidate at
Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht.
(U) During the China stay, five formal technical meetings were held
with scientists, physicians, and journal editors working in the EHBF field.
The first was at the Friendship Hotel in Beijing; the second at the Beijing
Medical College; the third, at Beijing University; the fourth at the
Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of High-Energy Physics in Beijing;
and the fifth at the Yanan Hotel in Shanghai with the editors and staff
of Nature.
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(U)
The first discussions, held at the Friendship Hotel in Beijing,
brought the visitors together with researchers and educators from the
following institutions:
×
(1)
Beijing University physicists and biologists
(2)
Institute of High Energy Physics (Chinese Academy
of Sciences)
(3)
Institute of Biophysics (Chinese Academy of Sciences)
(4)
Institute of Automation (Chinese Academy of Sciences)
(5)
Beijing Astronomical Observatory (Chinese Academy of
Sciences)
(6)
Institute of Semiconductors (Chinese Academy of
Sciences)
(7)
Institute of Physics (Chinese Academy of Sciences)
(8)
Physics Department of Beijing Teachers' College
(9)
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing
(U)
This was followed up by visits to Beijing Medical College,
Beijing University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of
High-Energy Physics.
(U)
Note that those interested in psychoenergetics are primarily
from the hard sciences, rather than from the psychological sciences as
in the West. This is in large part because of the weaker position of the
latter as a result of the excesses of the "Cultural Revolution," which
led to suspension of Acta Psychologica Sinica and the closing of all
university psychology departments as well as the Institute of Psychology."
B.
Institute of High Energy Physics (Beijing) (U)
(U) It was at the Institute of High-Energy Physics that the first
opportunity for detailed discussion of specific experiments occurred.
SG1B
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(U)
Invitees to the Institute were Dr. Krippner, tour leader; Dr. H. E. Puthoff,
and Ms. B. H. Humphrey, researchers at SRI International; Mrs. Thelma
Moss, who had done research in Kirlian (corona discharge) photography;
and K. Zirinsky, MD, radiologist.
(U) The group was welcomed to the Institute in an opening meeting by
Institute Deputy Directors Ho Lung and Li Yi. They expressed the opinion
that EHBF work was important and relevant to physics, and indicated that
a small group of researchers, led by Zhao Yun-Je and Hsu Hung-Chang,
*
approximately ten percent of their professional time researching EHBF.
This was followed by a seminar in which the work and its results were
presented by Zhao.
spent
(U) Their basic experiment, apparently replicated many times under
widely varying conditions, consisted of the remote viewing of Chinese
characters or numbers sealed in an opaque bakelite container, inside of
which was also some form of detector to register possible physical effects
corollary to the perceptions. The detectors used in this format included
X-ray, nuclear emulsion, and photographic films, photoelectric tubes,
thermoluminescence dosimeters, and biological (plant/polygraph) detectors.
The claim made (backed up by raw data materials shown the visiting re-
searchers, published pictures, and, later in the trip, motion picture
film of the experiments) was that physical effects were registered during
perception, and absent in the absence of perception. These included
fogging of the films, and pulses on the electrical output devices of the
various detectors. A summary paper describing these experiments was pro-
vided the visitors; it has been translated-3 and is provided here as
Appendix A.
*
(U)
Xu Hongzhang in Pinyin transcription.
9
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Technical evaluation of efforts such as those presented at the
Institute of High Energy Physics is, of course, difficult on the basis
of a short laboratory visit and the exchange of a few publications. On
one side of the ledger the individuals carrying out the experiments were
physicists, well respected in their own fields, and using standard tech-
niques and procedures familiar to them. Such factors, coupled with the
degree of official sanction that exists, tend to lend de facto credibility
to their claims. On the other side of the ledger, however, details as to
countermeasures against the possibility of fraud, methodological procedures
used, and the statistical treatment of the data are notably lacking in the
brief publications to date, a weakness noted in general in the response
of Western scientists to published reports on EHBF work by the Chinese."
14
Definitive conclusions as to the technical quality of the work must there-
fore await further development of information exchange.
c.
Shanghai Meeting with Editorial Staff of 'Nature' ( 'Ziran Zazhi' ) (U)
(U) Later in the trip the group of Western parapsychologists met at
length over a two-day period with the staff and Editor-in-Chief, Mr. He
Chongyin, of Nature (Ziran Zazhi), and from them obtained an overview of
the experimentation, results, conferences and publication of the Chinese
efforts. It was clear from these discussions that the Nature group played
a seminal role in bringing together researchers in the Shanghai and
Chongqing conferences of 1980 and 1981, and in providing space in their
journal for the publication of results.
(U) In addition to discussion, an hour of filmed EHBF research was
shown. The film, made by Shanghai Science and Education Studio for tele-
vision distribution within the PRC, showed a wide-ranging series of
investigations, including mass screening of schoolchildren with regard to
the capacity to "skin read," standard telepathy/clairvoyance tests over
room-to-room distances, apparently successful "dowsing" to locate buried
10
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cisterns, the Institute of High-Energy Physics experiments on the detec-
tion of EHBF radiation, and attempts to apply EHBF techniques as tools in
medical diagnosis and healing.
(U) Generally speaking, the observations reported are in accord with
what has been reported in the West.
Specifically, from the work that had
gone on, the Chinese condluded that
. Extraordinary human body functions do exist, and they
include in addition to the skin reading phenomenon
first observed, other classical psychoenergetics
functions such as telepathy, clairvoyance, and
psychokinesis.
·
EHBF appears to be a universal inherent, though latent,
function in all humans (based on Beijing University
studies on induction of the phenomena in children).
.
EHBF phenomena are not shielded by materials such as
paper, plastics, the human body, layers of soil, and
metal, and so resist interpretation in terms of the
present scientific paradigm.
. EHBF "perception" extends beyond the visible range into
the infrared and ultraviolet portions of the electro-
magnetic spectrum, and the sign of magnetic fields can
be discriminated.
.
Power levels on the order of 100 mW can be generated in
EHBF functioning, as determined by psychokinesis
experiments.
. There appear to be interrelationships between EHBF
functioning and elements of traditional Chinese concepts,
as evidenced by shifts in dermal temperature and electro-
dermal potential at acupuncture joints, interference with
or strengthening of EHBF by qigong" meditational techniques,
and the like.
*
(U)
Pronounced "chigong," an ancient system of deep breathing and move-
ment exercises said to promote health and well being.
11
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(U)
. The use of EHBF phenomena in Chinese hospitals was found
to be somewhat effective as a tool in medical diagnosis,
and in helping the blind to sense their environment.
. Several of China's well-known scientists have involved
themselves in the increasing activity in psi studies,
including H. S. Tsien, Bei Shi-Zhang, Zhao Zhong-Yao,
Wang Gan-Chang, Wang Da-Heng and Tan Ja-Zeng.
(U)
In the above list, H. S. Tsien, who has been a driving force
*
behind establishing EHBF science, is singled out as an individual who has
played a key role in legitimizing the investigation of EHBF in China.
Tsien is one of China's most respected scientists in the field of military
rocketry, and is thought to have had a major role in developing China's
first nuclear bombs. Before emigrating to China from the United States
in 1955, he was Goddard Professor of Jet Propulsion at Caltech and Director
of the Rocket Section of the U.S. National Defense Scientific Advisory
Board. At Caltech he was well known to Richard D. Delaur, now Under-
secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, who characterizes Tsien
as an "elder statesman" in China's scientific development.
D.
PRC Representation at Cambridge Conference (U)
(U) Each August the Parapsychological Association (PA) holds its
annual conference, where about 150 professionals meet over a three-to-four-
day period to present papers and exchange research information.
In 1982
the PA meeting was cosponsored by the British SPR (Society for Psychical
Research) and held at Trinity College, Cambridge, England, as the Centenary
Conference to commemorate the founding of the SPR 100 years ago in 1882.
To parapsychologists in the West, the 1882 date in a certain sense marks
*
(U)
Qian Xue Sen in Pinyin transcription.
12
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the beginning of formal investigation of psychoenergetic phenomena by
the scientific/academic communities.
(U)
In preparation for that conference, one of those involved in the
China tour, Dr. H. E. Puthoff of SRI International, chaired a special
session on the Chinese work. Puthoff sent invitations to several of the
leading Chinese scientists, met on the China tour, to attend the conference
and report on their progress. Of those invited, none were permitted to
attend. In their place, the PRC government sent to the conference two
highly placed scientists to represent the Chinese work. They were Chen
*
Hsin and Mei Lei, both Deputy Directors at the Institute of Space Medico-
Engineering, P.O. Box 5104 , Beijing, an institute of over two decades
standing, the last 15 years under the present name.
+
(U) Hsin and Lei reported that they were involved with the PRC space
physiology program.
There, as neurophysiologists, they are studying
various techniques to combat space sickness, including biofeedback training
(of the type employed by NASA for their astronaut training program) and
the use of meditational/breathing exercise/martial art techniques from their
qigong martial art tradition. Because the latter are said to enhance
spontaneous EHBF abilities, their involvement in EHBF studies evolved
from this source.
(U) They reported their present involvement includes research efforts
in their own institute, and their funding and monitoring of research outside
the institute, all under the administrative leadership of Hsin, who, in
addition to being Deputy Director of the Institute of Space Medico-
Engineering, is also Chairman of the Space Medico-Engineering Professional
SG1B
*
(U)
Chen Xin in Pinyin transcription.
13
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(U)
Committee of the Chinese Society of Astronautics, and Chairman of the
Space Life-Science Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Space
Research. The day-to-day technical aspects of the program at the Institute
of Space Medico-Engineering appear to be under the leadership of Deputy
Director Mei Lei, who is also a member of the Space Life-Science Professional
Committee of the Chinese Society of Space Research. Professor Lei's
professional expertise lies in the area of EEG brainwave measurement, an
area in which he has published " and appears to be completely knowledgeable
by Western standards.
SG1B
(U)
In their paper presented at the conference, included here as
Appendix B, the PRC effort was described as wide ranging, serious, multi-
disciplinary and sophisticated in methodology with regard to countermeasures
against fraud, the need for double-blind conditions, high-technology
recording of results and statistical evaluation. A partial bibliography
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summarizing the Chinese work on EHBF is included here as Appendix C, and
a list of researchers and institutions actively involved in EHBF work is
given in Appendix D.
.
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III
ASSESSMENT AND CONCLUSIONS (U)
A.
Assessment (U)
(U) The 1979-present period has seen a rapid mobilization of interest
and resources in the PRC in pursuit of EHBF (psychoenergetics) research.
In this short period large segments of the population have been screened
and a number of individuals identified as possessing EHBF skills.
(U)
The skills cataloged are essentially identical to those gleaned
by studies in the West and in the Soviet Union:
various forms of acquisition
of information that would appear to be inaccessible by normal sensory means
because of such factors as distance and shielding (e.g., identifying
written Chinese characters sealed in a box), and, to a lesser degree,
the generation of small-scale physical effects (e.g., the fogging of film).
There are, however, certain differences in research directions that reflect
their scientists' efforts to correlate research findings with certain
distinctively national Chinese concepts. These include the search for
electrophysiological correlates of EHBF functioning at acupuncture points,
.
and the possible relationship between EHBF and qigong meditation/martial
art practices. Through exploring these rich historical traditions scien-
tifically, the Chinese scientists may well contribute fresh ideas to the
study of exceptional human functioning.
(U) As short as the 1979-present period of intense effort has been,
focus on the phenomena has moved quickly from the media to the universities
(e.g., Beijing and Yunnan Universities), research institutes of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences (e.g., Institute of High-Energy Physics), and to the
national laboratories involved in space/military research (e.g., Institute
of Space Medico-Engineering, and an unnamed Air Force Institute16 ).
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(U)
Although information available to the West is insufficient at the
present time to assess with confidence the actual quality of research
(and, indeed, there is evidence that some of the early work was relatively
naive by Western standards), the signs of increasing research activity and
steps toward legitimization and official sanction indicate steady progress
at a relatively rapid rate.
SG1B
.. ..
...
...
B.
Conclusions (U)
(U) As a result of the information discussed in this report the
following conclusions can be drawn concerning PRC activities in the
psychoenergetics field:
(1) (U) There has been a rapid escalation of research
activity since 1979.
(2) (U) Reported research results parallel those reported
in the West.
(3)
(U) Signs of increasing acceptance and legitimization
include
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(U)
·
Continuing publication of research results in a
major monthly scientific journal, Nature (Ziran
Zazhi ).
·
EHBF entry in 1981 China Encyclopedic Almanac.
. Permission granted Western parapsychologists to
tour China to meet with Chinese counterparts.
· PRC officially represented at international
parapsychology conference (P.A./S.P.R. Centenary
Conference, Cambridge, England, 1982) by two high-
level scientists actively engaged in EHBF work in
a leading national laboratory (Institute of Space
Medico-Engineering).
(4) (U) Field has high-level scientific and political support,
indicated by
. Leadership role taken by military rocket expert Tsien
. Statement of support by Secretary-General of the
Chinese Communist Party, Hu Yao-pang.
(5)
(U) Active research pursued at national-level space
science (Institute of Space-Medico Engineering) and
military (unnamed Air Force Institute) laboratories,
in addition to major universities (e.g., Beijing,
Yunnan) and Chinese Academy of Science laboratories
(e.g., Institute of High-Energy Physics).
SG1B
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REFERENCES (U)
1.
Hsin Ping,
"The Rampancy of Parapsychology and the Decline of the
Superpowers,'
Scientia Sinica (July-August 1975).
See also discussions by M. Ebon, "Peking Journal Denounces Telepathy
Studies," Parapsychology Review, November-December 1975; "Parapsychology
in Contemporary China," Parapsychology Review (September-October 1981).
2.
Reporter, Nature Journal (Ziran Zazhi), "Observation Report on the
'Non-Visual Recognition of Images, '" Nature, Vol. 2, No. 9
(September 1979).
3.
Chen Shouliang and He Muyan, "Findings Concerning One Type of
Extraordinary Function of the Human Body," Nature, Vol. 2, p. 715
(1979).
4.
Xu Zifang et al., "Observations Concerning the Ear's Ability to
Recognize Characters and Distinguish Colors," Nature, Vol. 2, p. 716
(1979).
5.
He Dahua et al., "Observations Concerning Tang Yu's Ability to
Distinguish Colors and Recognize Characters with the Ear," Nature,
Vol. 2, p. 780 (1979).
6.
Chen Shouliang et al., "The Decline and Restoration of Jian Yan's
Extraordinary Body Functions," Nature, Vol. 2, p. 781 (1979) .
7.
Jules Romains, Eyeless Sight (reprinted by Citadel Press, Secaucus,
N.J., 1978 ).
8.
I. M. Gol'dberg, "On Whether Tactile Sensitivity Can be Improved by
Exercise," Soviet Psychology and Psychiatry, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall
1963).
9.
Zhen She, "Parapsychology, Is It Real?"
China Reconstructs, Vol. 30,
No. 1, pp. 50-51 (January 1981).
10.
Document No. FTD-ID (RS )T-1766-80, Translation Division, Foreign
Technology Division, Wright-Patterson AFB (January 1981).
11.
China Reconstructs, Vol. 31, No. 6, p. 51 (June 1982).
21
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12.
R. D. Fowler, "Travels in China," Psi Chi Newsletter of the National
Honor Society in Psychology (Spring 1981).
13.
Zhao Yun-Je, et al., Special Physics Research Team, Institute of
High Energy Physics, "Exceptional Human Body Radiation," Psi Research,
Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 16-25 (June 1982).
14. J. C. Shum, "Reading Without the Eyes -- Report from China," Bull.
Brit. Psych. Soc., Vol. 34, pp. 125-126 (1981).
15.
Mei Lei et al., "Brain Wave Analysis in the Qigong State," Nature,
Vol. 4, No. 9, p. 662 (September 1981).
16.
Luo Dongsu, "Discussion of Non-Visual Recognition of Images and the
Electromagnetic Sensor Mechanism in the Human Body," Document No.
FTD-ID (RS) T-1766-80, Translation Division, Foreign Technology Division,
Wright-Patterson AFB (January 1981).
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Appendix A
EXCEPTIONAL HUMAN BODY RADIATION
Special Physics Research Team
Zhao Yun-Je et al.
Institute of High-Energy Physics
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing
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Appendix A
EXCEPTIONAL HUMAN BODY RADIATION
Special Physics Research Team
Zhao Yun-Je et al.
Institute of High-Energy Physics
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing
The fact that the human body can develop the ability of exceptional
vision (eyeless sight) suggests that in the natural world there may exist
a unique, still unknown radiation. Since 1979, Szechuan Ribao, Beijing
Keji Bao (Peking Science Report), Ziran (Nature), and other journals have
published findings on exceptional capabilities of the human body.
Using
available techniques, we have conducted complex experimental research
relating to methods of testing and measuring such unknown radiation.
Among
these techniques, the most effective are the following:
(1)
Tests with nuclear emulsion film and X-ray film
(2)
Tests with thermoluminescent film
(3)
Tests with a biodetector
(4)
Tests with a light quanta detector.
Exceptional human capabilities can manifest as various types of
phenomena. We realize that only by finding a precise, objective basis,
and by gradually establishing controlled test methods, can we bridge
research in exceptional human capabilities and present experimental
science. Only then can we delineate the frontier between science and
superstition.
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TESTS OF "EXCEPTIONAL VISION"
WITH NUCLEAR EMULSION FILM
In nuclear and particle physics research, testing with film is one of
the most reliable and convenient ways of detecting natural radioactivity,
the presence of pi-mesons, K-mesons, E-hyperons, and other particles.
According to initial tests, the majority of persons with "exceptional
vision," while exercising their capability, could expose film sealed in a
light-proof container with Chinese characters which the subject was attempt-
ing to identify. Over 700 tests with X-ray film, over 50 tests with
nuclear emulsion film, and numerous tests with ordinary photographic film
were conducted. These experiments demonstrated that when the subjects
who possessed "exceptional vision" correctly recognized the characters,
they simultaneously produced exposures of the film placed near the charac-
ters as well as other unusual effects. Occasionally they were even able
to project images of the characters onto the nearby film (Figures 1 and 2).
When a microscope was used to observe unusual exposures of a nuclear
emulsion film produced by Yu, an individual with "exceptional vision," it
was found that most of the silver grains removed from the membrane had
accumulated in a surface layer of 0 to 10 mu. The maximum depth was about
30 mu. The vertical distribution of silver grains indicated that the
influence of unknown radiation is similar to the effect of visible light,
but the penetration of this unknown radiation is somewhat deeper into the
emulsion.
Thorough inspection of the container used for the film test, of the
testing methods, and of the brush and paper (for writing the characters),
excluded known types of radiation, fluorescence, chemical interactions,
light leaks or radioactive decay from producing the observed effect. Com-
parison of selected containers of different shapes and materials in various
experimental conditions led to the following conclusions:
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(1)
This unknown radiation, when compared to known types
of physical radiation, manifests a more complicated
spatial distribution.
(2)
The radiation has unusual penetrating power and
selectivity. Only when near the recognized target
characters, does it produce effects resembling the
physical effects of visible light, while in other
areas its impact is near zero.
TESTS OF "EXCEPTIONAL VISION"
WITH THERMOLUMINESCENT FILM
The use of thermoluminescent film for measuring radioactivity is
one of the most appropriate and sensitive methods.
It is widely used in
nuclear medicine as well as in environmental and personal dosimetric
observation.
Figure 3 shows statistical results of preliminary tests with thermo-
luminescent film, obtained from approximately 4000 experiments in the
exceptional-vision process. During these tests, influences of infrared,
magnetic, and chemical factors, and even of solar activity, were compared
to the influence of "exceptional vision" and eliminated. The test results
have shown :
(1)
When individuals with "exceptional vision" exercise
their capability, they can influence thermoluminescent
film, placed near the recognized characters, 102 to 103
more than is observed in control tests (i.e., without
the attempted influence of any individual).
(2)
When individuals who do not manifest exceptional capa-
bilities attempt to exert the influence on the same
sort of samples, they also can produce a response on
thermoluminescent film many times greater than in
control tests.
(3)
When exceptional individuals were tested in their
usual state, i.e., when not exercising their special
capability, the response of thermoluminescent film
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was not clearly different from that produced by
normal individuals. The design of the thermo-
luminescent film test resembles that of the test
with photographic film. Results of these tests
partially confirm the results of the photographic
film tests and provide a quantitative basis for
some initial measurements. They not only show
that during "exceptional vision" a strong unknown
radiation is emitted, but also show that normal
persons emit a relatively low, unknown radiation
as well.
(U)
For these tests we used American film, made by the Harshaw
Chemical Company:
6LiF, 7LiF, CaF, and Chinese film LiF (Mg, Ti). A
thermoluminescent dosimetric analyzer produced by the Beijing Synthetic
Apparatus Plant (Model FL-369) was used for evaluating results.
TESTS OF UNKNOWN RADIATION WITH A BIODETECTOR
The greatest disadvantage of photographic and thermoluminescent film
tests is their failure to show kinetic response (changes in time), so that
there is no way to study the delicate time specificity of unknown radiation.
Both the biodetector and the light-quanta detector can demonstrate
kinetic responses in a test system, but the various types of biodetectors
provide more possibilities for experimentation. We have already used a set
of simple biodetectors for measuring bioelectric changes in a plant leaf
vein (Figure 4). Yet, because the main component of the biodetector is
a living system (a plant leaf), we cannot expect that the system has
sufficient stability. Nevertheless, because the degree of sensitivity
obtained from this method is significant, and because it is relatively
widespread and easy to operate, it will certainly arouse the interest of
many researchers.
*
See Zhao Yongjie, Xu Hongzhang, et al., "Biodetector Experiments on Human
Body Radiation Physics," Psi Research, Vol. 1, No. 1. pp. 77-84 (March 1982).
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The system can sensitively record the impact of unknown radiation
related to the exceptional-vision process as well as indicate impulses
(Figure 5) caused by unknown radiation from normal individuals trained
in exceptional abilities. However, when compared with the responses ob-
tained in the exceptional-vision process, in the latter case the waveform
of responses is different (Figure 6). The other radiation sources used
(heat source, infrared light, and visible radiation), when influencing
the biodetector, did not elicit responses of comparable sensitivity.
Because moisture and chemical effects produced different responses, they
were eliminated as possible causes.
TESTS OF UNKNOWN RADIATION
WITH A LIGHT-QUANTA DETECTOR
The light-quanta detector overcomes the drawbacks of the biodetector,
i.e., its lack of stability.
It yields virtually the same results as the
biodetector tests, although its degree of sensititivy may be insufficient
for studying trained abilities. (For a design of the system see Figure 7.)
The system, however, is equally sensitive with regard to visible light,
near infrared, and near ultraviolet. At a wavelength of 4,400 A, the peak
value of photon efficiency is about 20 to 30 percent. The system is also
sensitive to electrons above the megaelectron-volt level, such as from a
Sr
90
beta source.
Our oscillographic observations, shielding, adequate grounding, and
other measures eliminated the possibility of interference from environ-
mental magnetic impulses. We simultaneously eliminated conditions for
light leaks and wear and tear during the tests.
Our tests have demonstrated that the system produced very strong
impulse responses to the processes accompanying "exceptional vision."
The leading edge of such impulses is extremely steep; the count value is
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at least 102
to 10
3
times more than the system's control value. The value
of a plotter suddenly rose within a second from 1000 to 10,000 counts,
while the control value was 80 ± 20 counts every 6 s. Such a high-value
ratio usually causes a multichannel analyzer to generate overload blocking.
Individuals with "exceptional vision" must touch the surface of the light-
proof material (many layers of black cloth), or their radiation will be
outside of the "measuring area." All these factors obscure the above results
to a certain extent, although these results do agree with the findings
pertaining to the width of permeability and fixed-area selectivity yielded
by the film tests. It is hard to imagine that ordinary photons or electrons
could penetrate such material, reach the photocathode, and thus be recorded.
This system can also elicit a corresponding response to unknown radia-
tion produced by normal persons exercising their trained abilities. Yet,
compared to the special-vision process, the oscillation of their response
signals will be much slower, and the intensity of pulsation much lower.
Study of the spectrum of rise or fall of the count pulses in such responses
demonstrates that the response spectrum of the unknown radiation coming
from the exceptional vision process contains a maximum of high-amplitude
count pulses. The trained-ability spectrum contains almost no high-
amplitude count pulses (Figure 8).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The above four test methods, while still very rudimentary, are rela-
tively basic and can be duplicated. Their results are mutually confirma-
tory and supplement one another.
The first steps have proven that, in the
natural world, there exists an unknown radiation that is reciprocally
connected with the life process. Compared with generally known physical
radiation, this radiation has a more complex distribution in space and
time. When recorded by the biodetector or photon detector, it demonstrates
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an impulse waveform with a rather steep leading edge. Its pulsation
intensity is at least 100 to 1000 times more than in control tests.
There
are no fixation periods.
This radiation possesses a special penetrative ability and fixed-area
sensitivity. Near target objects it has the effect of visible light.
It has a physical basis resembling that of unknown radiation during the
trained-ability activity of normal persons.
We hope that our first steps will lead to more progress in research.
REFERENCES
1.
Yongjie, Zhao, et al., "Detecting 'Radiation' from 'Specially Trained'
Persons Using a Quantum Count System," Dienzi Kexue Jishu (Electronic
Technology) (1981).
2.
Hongzhang, Xu, et al., "Initial Research on Special Radiation,"
Heyiqi yu Fangfa (Nuclear Apparatus and Methods) (1981).
3.
Puthoff, H., Targ, R., "Physics, Entropy, and Psychokinesis," Quantum
Physics and Parapsychology, Parapsychology Foundation, New York, NY
(1974).
4.
Eisenbud, J., The World of Ted Serios, Morrow, New York, NY (1967).
5.
Eisenbud, J., "Distortions in the Photographs of Ted Serios," Journal
of the American Society for Psychical Research, Vol. 75, pp. 43-152
(1981).
6.
Hasted, J. B., "Paranormal Electric Effects," Journal of the Society
for Psychical Research, Vol. 51, pp. 75-86 (1981).
7.
Miller, R., "The Energies of Spiritual Healing,"
Science of Mind
(January-February 1976).
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1
920
图1:特异视觉人王xx胶丸
上产生的局部感光及投影“920”
FIGURE 1
"EXCEPTIONAL VISION" PERSON WANG.
Photographic exposure and
projection of the number "920" onto X-ray film.
周 ?: 特子被完人于又不接乳风光
FIGURE 2
"EXCEPTIONAL VISION" PERSON YU. Photographic exposures and
projection of the characters "dian gong" on nuclear emulsion
film.
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relative count ratio ******
1. 自然木衣
2.普通人
(5)
--
3、特异视觉人
5.功能发挥的
1
2
3
周3:人体未知辐射的热释老民公社
FIGURE 3
RELATIVE RESPONSE OF THERMOLUMINESCENT FILM TO UNKNOWN HUMAN
BODY RADIATION .
(1) Control film, (2) Ordinary person,
(3) "Exceptional vision" person, (4) During usual condition,
(5) While exercising the ability.
2
4
5
3
1
因4:一种生物探测器系统示意图,其中1.受试く;
2.字样:3.容易;4.示波器;5 记录仪
FIGURE 4
DESIGN OF THE BIODETECTOR SYSTEM. (1) Subject, (2) Image of
Chinese character, (3) Container, (4) Oscillograph, (4) Recorder.
33
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a :
b
c
d
e 拉麵
广系统本底 →→注意集中→脑际交流→社会结果→社松→
+100kg × 100 sec
國5:特导视觉过程的生物探测四响应
FIGURE 5
SYSTEM FILM. (a) Beginning, (b) Concentration of attention,
(c) "Brain cell flashes", (d) Release, (3) Removal of hand.
OSOSDS
V
爱湖x
r: 0}/*
1.2
Y: ****
0.6
3. 4.4
0.4
20
¥0
60
t, sec
困6:气动科己的生物探测器响应(洗实习作志》)
FIGURE 6
SUBJECT SHEN WITH TRAINED EXCEPTIONAL ABILITIES (USING QIGONG
SYSTEM). Response of the biodetector:
0 = exercise of trained
ability, S = end of exercising trained ability.
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3
2
4
5
高压
表
记录仪
9
10
X
安林口
HA 8
11
12
512 3
7
6
图7:光量子板测美化示意用.
FIGURE 7
DESIGN OF LIGHT QUANTA DETECTOR SYSTEM. (1) Subject, (2) Photo-
multiplier tube, (3) High voltage, (4) Potentiometer, (5) Re-
corder, (6) Image for recognition, (7) Light shield, (8) Electric
shield, (9) Single channel analyzer, (10) Plotter, (11) Oscil-
lograph, (12) Multichannel analyzer.
relative count ratio-+
·彰化:自然木麻
▲カックト料辐射理(そん)
+精華視愛くツ|××6組
脉冲幅度
日8:人体未知辐射的计教脉冲幅度洋
impulse amplitude
FIGURE 8
IMPULSE AMPLITUDE SPECTRUM OF UNKNOWN HUMAN BODY RADIATION.
· = natural film, A = unknown radiation produced by a person
with trained ability (Shen), + = unknown radiation produced
during exercise of "exceptional vision" ability.
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Appendix B
STUDY OF THE EXTRAORDINARY FUNCTION
OF THE HUMAN BODY IN CHINA
Chen Hsin and Mei Lei
Space Medico-Engineering Institute
Beijing, China
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Appendix B
STUDY OF THE EXTRAORDINARY FUNCTION
OF THE HUMAN BODY IN CHINA
Chen Hsin and Mei Lei
Space Medico-Engineering Institute
Beijing, China
ABSTRACT
In the Spring of 1979, a boy in Sichuan Province, China, was discovered
to be able to "recognize characters (ideograms) with his ears." This
attracted the attention of Chinese scientists. A series of investigations
were carried out thereafter on the extraordinary function of the human
body, including "reading without using the eyes."
Preliminary results
obtained during the past three years are presented, and the perspective
on future research in this field are discussed.
Entrusted by the Chinese scientists who have engaged in research on
the extraordinary function of the human body, the writers of the present
paper will report on their concepts and efforts at this international
congress.
The Chinese scientists' attitude towards the study in this field
was serious, and they have made every effort to ensure that their investi-
gations fulfill the criteria of scientific research.
1.
General Background
On 11 March 1979, it was reported for the first time in Sichuan Ribao
that a 12-year-old boy, Tang Yu, in Dazu County, Sichuan Province, had been
discovered to be able to "recognize the characters (Chinese ideograms) with
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his ears." This evoked strong repercussions at home and abroad, Conse-
quently, more than ten teenagers who also had this kind of function were
discovered one after another in Beijing, Anhui, Hubei, and other places.
In September 1979, Nature Journal (Ziran Zazhi) carried a report on
"Nonvisual Pattern Recognition" written by a correspondent of the journal
on the basis of his personal observation. This article confirmed that
the exceptional function of the human body, or, as it was depicted in
the newspapers, "recognizing the characters with ears," actually existed
and is worth studying. The journal then, in its issues Numbers 10 through
12 carried in succession other experimental observations
1-4
by scientists
of Beijing University, Anhui Teachers University, and other units, which
verified the authenticity of the function.
In February 1980, in Shanghai, the Nature Journal editorial department
presided over the "First Science Symposium on the Extraordinary Function
of the Human Body," attended by representatives from eight provinces and
three municipalities. After this the various exceptional functions of the
human body, including "recognizing the characters with ears," became
generally known as the "extraordinary function of the human body," which
is now the general term being used in the Chinese literature.
With the impetus of the symposium, the research work has developed
further in various places, and in May 1981, the "Second Science Symposium
on the Extraordinary Function of the Human Body" was held in Chongqing.
Some famous scientists submitted their papers" and many others read their
research reports at the symposium. Diverse thoughts from different schools
were incorporated, but no conclusion was drawn at the symposium. Before
the end of the symposium the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese Human-
Body Science Institute was set up after deliberation and consultation.
Afterwards, in January, 1982, the preparatory committee convened a special
discussion in physics.
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The China Encyclopedic Almanac of 1981, published by the China Great
Encyclopedia Press, has the vocabulary entry "extraordinary function of
the human body" in its column on science and technology, which introduces
the development of the study of the extraordinary function of the human
body in China, and also points out that "there are still some people
holding sceptical attitudes with respect to the authenticity of the
extraordinary function of the human body."
2.
Studies of Chinese Scientists
During the past three years, the Chinese scientists have carried out
experimental studies on the aspects described below.
Under strictly controlled experimental conditions, the authenticity
of the special inductive function of the human body, such as "recognizing
the characters with the ears" was verified.
To rule out possible artifacts
as well as false results, and to ensure the level of scientific rigor,
while continually improving the experimental methods, the experiments
have been designed in keeping with the following requirements:
(1)
A specimen ("target" for recognition and its package)
has to possess certain characteristics of "uniqueness"
to ensure that it not be duplicated and exchanged in
designed experimental conditions.
(2)
The "target" for recognition has to be sealed in "opaque"
and "irreversible" forms, so that, under the designed
experimental conditions, if the package is opened it
will be destroyed and cannot be completely restored;
if it is not opened, the "target" in it cannot be
recognized with ordinary sight.
(3)
Both the experimenters and the subject should be unaware
of the content of the "target" to ensure "double blind"
conditions and to avoid hints (cues).
(4)
Reliable on-the-spot observation by more than one person
or by a videorecorder, which can be replayed for examina-
tion, or both.
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(5)
The possibility of "guess by chance" should be ruled out
statistically from the experimental results; in other
words, the results should have "statistical significance."
Under these strict experimental conditions, some subjects whose functions
were
stronger were tested with dozens of specimens. The rate of absolutely
correct identifications was more than 80 percent,1,7 which indicated that
one of the special inductive functions, the so called "recognizing the
characters with the ears," existed objectively.
Scientists in Beijing University further found in experiments that
among over 70 children aged about 10, a considerable proportion of subjects
had the special inductive function of "recognizing the characters with
the ears. "8 ,9
They concluded that this kind of function may be a general
phenomenon to a certain extent among children in the relevant age group
and inferred that this function was probably a potential physiological
function of the human body. The "universality" discovered thus far further
verified the authenticity of the extraordinary function of the human body
and provided more subjects for research work.
Our experimental results also indicated that although the subjects
who had the extraordinary function were not rare, there were few who had
a stable strong function over the long term. In some conditions, the
experimental results could be "reproduced," but they were not as "repeatable"
on demand as in ordinary physical and chemical experimentation. They often
showed apparent individual differences, and an undulating "instability"
in the case of one subject.
As some researchers reported, apart from "recognizing characters with
the ear," the human body may possess many other extraordinary functions.
The researchers have searched after and observed such functions as psycho-
kinesis, teleportation, and the like. Recording the equivalence-time curve
of moving the hands of a watch by the extraordinary function of the human
body, and observing the possibility of transfering a specimen out of a
-
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container from a hole smaller than the specimen itself by this kind of
function are two examples .-
10 11
,
Some researchers have also carried out experimental investigations
to determine the mechanism of the human body extraordinary function. The
main efforts in this respect are as follows:
The study of the special properties of the information carrier
and human body radiation: To begin with, the "target" was sealed
into a container made of different materials and in which there
are different-size slits. Then tests were carried out so as to
find out the effect of the differences in shielding materials
and the size of the slits on the test results, thereby dis-
tinguishing some special properties of the information carrier.
On the other hand, the corollary human body radiation of a
subject in an extraordinary functional state was tested by the
use of modern technology. The published papers on this subject
include the effect of human body radiation on biodetectors and
photon counters12,13 and on some phototransistor detectors,14
as well as the determination of the magnetic field distribution
over an individual subject's body surface.15
Experiments involving irradiation of the ears, hands and other sites
of a person who has extraordinary functions with weak monochromatic light
from a spectrometer confirmed that in these sites there existed an ability
to perceive and distinguish the color of visible light,16 and that persons
who have extraordinary functions could perceive near-infrared light as
well 17
Experiments also confirmed that such persons could distinguish
the north pole from the south pole of a magnet15
and could tell north from
south by their extraordinary functions.18 ,19
Some researchers have also
carried out experiments to investigate the image transfer function under
bright-contrast stimulus conditions,
20
the perceptibility of an optical
image in space, "" and the sensitivity to different light waves.
22
The study of the property of information processing and display:
The
published papers23-27
showed that during the process of recognizing targets
by means of the special inductive function of the human body the following
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characteristics of perception have been experienced by the subjects:
unfolding, enlarging, recognizing layer by layer, selecting by contrast,
displaying step by step, and adjusting directions automatically.
We consider, however, that experimental research on the extraordinary
function mechanism are preliminary, and that they need further replication
and deepening. On the basis of the experimental investigations, some
researchers in China have made preliminary inquiries into the extraordinary
function mechanism of the human body from a theoretical standpoint.
Information concerning the human body extraordinary function as
recorded in the ancient Chinese literature is now beginning to be collected
for evaluation.
22
In China, research on the extraordinary function of the
human body has already attracted the interest of many scientists specialized
in biology, physics, psychology, and the like. Special attention, dynamic
support and specific direction have also been gained from certain famous
scientists. Professor Qian Xue-sen published some special papers,5 ,29
covering the relationship between the extraordinary function of the human
body, qigong and Chinese traditional medicine, and emphasized the importance
of developing the human being's potential capacity and exploring and
developing a fundamental discipline of human body science. In his "In-
augurating Fundamental Research on Human Body Science" he pointed out that
Chinese traditional medical theory, qigong and extraordinary function
centered around the qigong state, are keys to research in the human body
sciences, in which the basic principles of extraordinary human body function
are included.
Based on systems sciences, he also proposed the theory of
functional states of the human body. These theoretical viewpoints have
been playing an important directive role in launching fundamental research
in the human body sciences.
We consider that, in the future study of the extraordinary functions
of the human body in China, special attention should be payed to the
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integration of the cream of Chinese traditional culture with the principles
of modern science and technology, and the integration of qigong and Chinese
traditional medical theory with the research on extraordinary function.
This approach will bring the research work on the human body function into
the orbit of modern science and technology.
3.
Conclusion
Research on the extraordinary function of the human body are of great
importance, both theoretically and practically. We firmly believe that
there is nothing that cannot be understood in the world; there are only
things that have not yet been understood. We are full of confidence as
to the prospect of the study of the extraordinary function of the human
body in China .
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REFERENCES
1.
Chen Shouliang, He Muyan (Beijing University), "Findings Concerning
One Type of Extraordinary Function of the Human Body: Part One,"
Nature Journal, Vol. 2, p. 715 (1979).
2.
Xu Xinfang et al. (Anhui Teacher's Normal University), "Observations
Concerning the Ear's Ability to Recognize Characters and Distinguish
Colors," Nature Journal, Vol. 2, p. 716 (1979).
3.
He Dahua et al. (Combined Investigation Group of Tazi County,
'Sichuan Province), "Observations Concerning Tang Yu's ability to
Distinguish Colors and Recognize Characters with the Ear," Nature
Journal, Vol. 2, p. 780 (1979).
4.
Chen Shouliang et al., "The Decline and Restoration of Jiang Yan's
Extraordinary Body Function," Nature Journal, Vol. 2, p. 781 (1979).
5.
Qian Xuesen, "Basic Research for Developing the Sciences of the
Human Body,"
Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 483 (1961).
6. He Chongyin (Nature Journal Publishing), "Extraordinary Function of
the Human Body,"
China Encyclopedic Year-Book, 1981.
7.
Combined Experimentation Group on Extraordinary Function of the Human
Body, "Combined Experiment Report Concerning the Validity of Certain
Extraordinary Functions of the Human Body," (1982), forthcoming.
8. Chen Shouliang et al., "The Question of the Prevalance of Extraordinary
Human Body Functions," Nature Journal, Vol. 3, p. 334 (1980).
9.
He Muyan et al., "Further Discussion on the Question of the Prevalence
of Extraordinary Human Body Functions," Nature Journal, Vol. 3, p. 683
(1980).
10.
Study Group of Yunnan University on Extraordinary Human Body Function,
"Initial Experiments on the Mechanics Effect of Extraordinary Human
Body Function," Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 348 (1981).
46
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11.
Lin Shuhuang, Zhang Zhongqi (Beijing Teacher's Normal College) et al.,
"Some Laboratory Tests on the Extraordinary Human Body Function of
Moving Objects," Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 652 (1981).
12.
Zhao Yongjie, Xu Hongzhang et al. (High-Energy-Physics Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Sciences), "Laboratory Tests on the Study of
the Physics of Human Body Radiation with Biological Detectors,"
Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 602 (1981).
13.
Zhao, Yongjie et al., "Using the Quantum Number System to Capture the
'Fagong' radiation of Qigong and (other) Extraordinary Functions,"
Electronics Science and Technology, No. 7, p. 6 (1981).
14.
Zheng Tianmin, Zhu Nianlin; Luo Xin (Yunnan University), Li Hongyi
(Wuhan University) et al., "Unusual Phenomena of Extraordinary
Human Body Function upon Photosensitive Detectors," Nature Journal,
Vol. 4, p. 563 (1981).
15.
Lin Shuhuang et al., "Magnetism and Extraordinary Function of the
Human Body," Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 114 (1981).
16.
Wang Shengli et al (Shanghai Institute for Laser Technology),
"Laboratory Tests on the Non-Visual Recognition of the Color Spectrum,"
Nature Journal, Vol. 3, p. 336 (1980).
17.
Fang Xiaoren, Liu Yicheng et al. (Physics Institute of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences), "The Initial Determination of Extraordinary
Human Body Function Subjects in regards to their Ability to Perceive
Non-Visible Light," Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 895 (1981).
18.
Zhang Zuqi et al. (Beijing University), "One Example of the Extra-
ordinary Human Body Function of Direction Recognition," Nature Journal,
Vol. 3, p. 741 (1980).
19.
Zhang Zuqi et al. (Beijing University), "One Example of the Extra-
ordinary Human Body Function of Direction Recognition:
Part Two,"
Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 292 (1981).
20.
Yang Jianhua (Biophysics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences),
"The Study of the Special Characteristics of the Body's Perception
of Light at Specific Transmission Intensities,"
Nature Journal,
Vol. 4, p. 897 (1981).
21.
Liu Yicheng et al., "Initial Observations on the Ability to Perceive
Special Optical Phenomena with Non-Visual Seeing," Nature Journal,
Vol. 4, p. 900 (1981).
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22. Zhang Yuzhi (Biophysics Institute) et al., "Response Sensitivity of
the Human Body's Non-Visual Seeing to Four Different Wavelengths
of Light," Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 104 (1982).
23.
Wang Chu et al. (Beijing University), "The Process of Unscrambling
Patterns," Nature Journal, Vol. 3, p. 438 (1980).
24. Chen Yi et al. (Changchun College for Traditional Chinese Medicine),
"Results of Initial Laboratory Tests on the Ability of the Human Body
to Enlarge Objects," Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 185 (1981).
25.
Luo Ling-r et al (Beijing University), "The Process of Distinguishing
Multi-layered Overlapping Objects with Extraordinary Human Body
Function," Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 291 (1981).
26.
Shao Shaoyuan et al. (Beijing University), "The Process of Unscrambling
for Recognition by Extraordinary Human Body Function of Patterns on
Folded and Rolled Paper," Nature Journal, Vol. 5, p. 274 (1982).
27.
Ye Ziquan (Biophysics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences),
"The Human Body's Recognition of Non-Visible Patterns," Nature Journal,
Vol. 5, p. 276 (1982).
28.
Chen Taoqiu (No. 6 Factory for Radio Electronics, Liaoyuan City),
"Verification and Exploration of Remote Mind-Reading," Nature Journal,
Vol. 4, p. 756 (1981).
29.
Qian Xuesen, "The Systematic Sciences, the Neuro Sciences and the
Sciences of the Human Body," Nature Journal, Vol. 4, p. 3 (1981).
48
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Appendix C
PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CHINESE WORK ON EHBF (U)
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Appendix C
PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CHINESE WORK ON EHBF (U)
1.
ENGLISH (U)
a.
(U) 26 January 1981, FTD-ID (RS)T-1766 translation, Translation
Div., Foreign Technology Div., WPAFB, Ohio 45433:
(1)
He Chongyin, "Investigations of the Profound Mysteries of Biotics-
Opening Speech at the Human Body Special Functions Scientific
Discussion Meeting."
(2)
Chen Shouliang and He Muyan, "Investigative Report on Special
Sensing Mechanisms in the Human Body (1) -- The Question of the
Authenticity of Special Sensing Mechanisms."
(3)
Xu Xinfang, Xia Jiquan, Hua Zhaohe, Hu Zenggao, Zhang Lihong
(Written by) Zhang Lihong, "Investigative Report on the Mechanism
of the Recognition of Characters and the Discrimination of Colors
with the Ear."
(4)
Xie Yuyu and Wang Zhixiu, "Brief Summary of Observations on Xie
Chaohui's Use of the Ear to Recognize Characters and Discriminate
Pictures and Colors."
(5)
He Dahua, Ding Xianfa, Shen Zhenglun, Zhu Yongdi and Hu Zhengshu,
"Investigative Report on Tang Yu's Discrimination of Colors and
Recognition of Characters with the Ear."
(6)
Chen Shouliang, He Muyan, Wang Chu and Zhu Shui, "Decline and
Recovery of Jiang Yan's Special Sensory Mechanism."
(7) Reporter, Nature Journal (Ziran Zazhi), "Observation Report on
the 'Non-Visual Recognition of Images' ."
(8)
Luo Dongsu, "Discussion of Non-Visual Recognition of Images and
the Electromagnetic Sensor Mechanism in the Human Body."
b.
(U)
'Psi Research' (Journal), L. Vilenskaya, Ed., 3101 Washington
St., San Francisco, California 94115:
(1) Zhao Yun-Je, Xu Hongzhang, Shen Jing, Liu Aihua, "Biodetector
Experiments on Human Body Radiation Physics," Vol. 1, No. 1,
pp. 77-83 (March 1982).
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(2) Qian Xue Sen, "Some Theoretical Ideas on the Development of
Basic Research in Human Body Science," Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 4-15
(June 1982) .
(3) Special Physics Research Team, Institute of High-Energy Physics,
Beijing, "Exceptional Human Body Radiation," Vol. 1, No. 2,
pp. 16-25 (June 1982).
2.
CHINESE (U)
a.
(U)
'Nature' Journal (Ziran Zazhi) :
(1)
Ku Han-sen, "Basic Research on the Material of the Qigong Vital
Force -- The Results of Preliminary Experiments on Microparticle
Flow," Vol. 2, No. 5, p. 271 (May 1979) and Vol. 2, No. 6, p. 370
(June 1979).
(2)
Chen Shouliang, He Muyan (Peking University), "Findings Concerning
One Type of Extraordinary Function of the Human Body: Part One,"
Vol. 2, p. 715 (1979).
(3)
Xu Xinfang et al. (Anhui Teacher's Normal University), "Observa-
tions Concerning the Ear's Ability to Recognize Characters and
Distinguish Colors," Vol. 2, p. 716 (1979).
(4)
He Dahua et al. (Combined Investigation Group of Tazi County,
Sichuan Province), "Observations Concerning Tang Yu's Ability
to Distinguish Colors and Recognize Characters with the Ear,"
Vol. 2, p. 780 (1979).
(5)
Chen Shouliang et al., "The Decline and Restoration of Jian Yan's
Extraordinary Body Function," Vol. 2, p. 781 (1979).
(6) Chen Shouliang et al., "The Question of the Extraordinary Human
Body Functions," Vol. 3, p. 334 (1980).
(7)
Wang Shengli et al. (Shanghai Institute for Laser Technology),
"Laboratory Tests on the Non-Visual Recognition of the Color
Spectrum," Vol. 3, No. 5, p. 336 (May, 1980).
(8) Wang Chu et al. (Peking University), "The Process of Unscrambling
Patterns," Vol. 3, p. 438 (1980).
(9)
Ku Han-sen, "A Preliminary Study on the Transmission and Reception
of Vitalist-Code by the Human Body," Vol. 3, No. 8, p. 563
(August 1980).
(10) Ho Qing Nian, "A General View of Information Therapy," Vol. 3,
No. 8, p. 566 (August 1980).
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(11)
Zhang Feng, "New Advanced in the Study of the Extraordinary
Function of Human Body," Vol. 3, No. 8, p. 606 (August 1980).
(12)
He Muyan et al., "Further Discussion on the Question of the
Prevalance of Extraordinary Human Body Function," Vol. 3, p. 683
(1980).
(13)
Zhang Zuqi et al. (Peking University), "One Example of the
Extraordinary Human Body Function of Direction Recognition,"
Vol. 3, p. 741 (1980).
(14)
Qian Xue-sen, "System Science, Neuroscience and Human Body Science,"
Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 3 (January 1981).
(15)
Lin Shu-huang et al., "Magnetism and Extraordinary Functions of the
Human Body," Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 114 (February 1981) .
(16)
Chen Yi et al. (Changchun College for Traditional Chinese
Medicine), "Results of Initial Laboratory Tests on the Ability
of the Human Body to Enlarge Objects," Vol. 4, p. 185 (1981).
(17)
Wang Jia-lin, "The Significance of the Internal Action of Psycho-
Body-Energy (Qigong) to the Vital Activity of the Human Body,"
Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 165 (March 1981),
(18)
Luo Ling-R et al. (Peking University), "The Process of Distinguishing
Multi-layered Overlapping Objects with Extraordinary Human Body
Function," Vol. 4, p. 291 (1981).
(19)
Zhang Zuqi et al. (Peking University), "One Example of the Extra-
Part
ordinary Human Body Function of Direction Recognition:
Two," Vol. 4, p. 292 (1981).
(20)
Study Group of Yunnan University on Extraordinary Human Body
Function, "Initial Experiments on the Mechanics Effect of
Extraordinary Human Body Functions," Vol. 4, p. 348 (1981).
(21)
Lin Guan-jun et al., "Special Function and the Phenomenon of the
Human Body Channel," Vol. 4, No. 6, p. 423 (June 1981).
(22)
Qian Xue-sen, "Launching Fundamental Research on Human Body
Science," Vol. 4, No. 7 p. 483 (July 1981).
(23)
Nie Chun-rong, "Promoting the Exploration of Human Body Paranormal
Function," Vol. 4, No. 7, p. 489 (July 1981).
(24)
He Chongyin, "Yearly Advanced and Future Prospects of the Study
of Human Body Extraordinary Functions," Vol. 4, No. 7, p. 492
(July 1981).
(25) Zheng Tian-min et al., "The Unusual Phenomena of Human Body
Paranormal Function in Some Phototransistor Detectors," Vol. 4,
No. 8, p. 563 (August 1981).
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(26)
Zhao Yun-Je, Xu Hongzhang, Shen Jing and Liu Aihua, "Biodetector
Experiments on Human Body Radiation Physics," Vol. 4, No. 8,
p. 602 (August 1981).
:
(27)
Song Guimei et al., "The Sign of Circulating 'Qi'," Vol. 4,
No. 8, p. 638 (August 1981).
(28)
Lin Shuhuang, Zhang Zhongqi (Peking Teacher's Normal College),
et al., "Some Laboratory Tests on the Extraordinary Human Body
Function of the Movement of Objects," Vol. 4, No. 9, p. 652
(September 1981).
(29)
Mei Lei et al., "Brain Wave Analysis in Qigong State," Vol. 4,
No. 9, p. 662 (September 1981).
(30)
Xu Shunqing and Yu Zhijiang, "Bioenergy and its Utilization,"
Vol. 4, No. 9 (September 1981).
(31)
Chen Taoqiu (No. 6 Factory for Radio Electronics, Liaoyuan City),
"Verification and Exploration of Remote Mind-Reading," Vol. 4,
p. 756 (1981).
(32)
Fang Xiaoren, Liu Yicheng et al. (Physics Institute of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences), "The Initial Determination of Extraordinary
Human Body Function Subjects in Regards to Their Ability to
Perceive Non-Visible Light," Vol. 4, p. 895 (1981).
(33)
Yang Jianhua (Biophysics Institute of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences), "The Study of the Special Characteristics of the
Body's Perception of Light at Specific Transmission Intensities,"
Vol. 4, p. 897 (1981).
(34)
Liu Yicheng et al., "Initial Observations on the Ability to
Perceive Special Optical Phenomena with Non-Visual Seeing,"
Vol. 4, p. 900 (1981).
(35)
Zhang Yuzhi (Biophysics Institute) et al., "Response Sensitivity
of the Human Body's Non-Visual Seeing to Four Different Wave-
lengths of Light," Vol. 5, p. 104 (1982).
(36)
Shao Shaoyuan et al. (Peking University), "The Process of
Unscrambling for Recognition by Extraordinary Human Body Function
of Patterns on Folded and Rolled Paper," Vol. 5, p. 274 (1982).
(37)
Ye Ziquan (Biophysics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences),
"The Human Body's Recognition of Non-Visible Patterns," Vol. 5,
p. 276 (1982).
.... .
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b.
(U)
Miscellaneous:
(1)
Zhao, Yongjie et al., "Using the Quantum Number System to
Capture the 'Fagong' radiation of Qigong and (other)
Extraordinary Functions," Electronics Science and Technology,
No. 7, Vol. 6 (1981).
(2)
He Chongyin (Nature Magazine Publishing)., "Extraordinary
Function of the Human Body," 1981 China Encyclopedic Alamanac.
(3)
Combined Experimentation Group on Extraordinary Function of the
Human Body, "Combined Experiment Report Concerning the Validity
of Certain Extraordinary Functions of the Human Body," (1982)
Forthcoming.
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