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CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
VOLUME 1, NO. 2, 2ND ISSUE (FEBRUARY, 1991)
SOME KNOWLEDGE OF THE STUDY OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
BY :
Qian Xuesen
Today, the
board of the Association of Somatic Sciences is convening
its fourth meeting.
At the same time, our journal, the "Chinese Journal
of Somatic
Science" has
also been published.
It may be said that our
Chinese Association
of Somatic Sciences has
progressed to
a new
operational stage.
For our work to enter a new stage, our ideological
knowledge must also follow. We must not continue to remain at that stage
of hard combat with the group of opponents where we have been for the past
several years.
must
now
fight another hard
battle
to establish
scientific research
the somatic sciences. Comrade Chen Xin published an
article on this major topic in the initial
issue of "Chinese Journal of
Somatic Science" entitled "The Concept and Methodology of the Human Body
as an Open, Complex Giant System1." Here, I will
use this concept that
the human body is an open, complex giant system to talk about my knowledge
of somatic sciences and the operations of the
Association of Somatic
Sciences.
I hope that you comrades will point out any errors I may make.
I.
WHAT IS SOMATIC SCIENCE?
In 1983, I had an article in "Nature Magazine" entitled "Concerning the
Science of
Thought"2.
In
this article, I mentioned the outlines of
somatic sciences,
but
I
did not yet mention the
problem of human
paranormal abilities.
At
that time, my primary understanding was that
there was a history of several
thousands of years in medicine and that
there was a great
deal of practical experience there. Modern physiology
and medicine also had a history of 200 years. This is important.
At that
time,
I stressed
the effect of
human consciousness.
This is the
difference between
man
and animals.
Therefore,
the shock waves of
paranormal abilities have caused us to greatly open up our eyes. At the
same time, a great "wave of popularity for QIGONG" has risen around us,
reminding people of China's ancient medicine
of several thousand years-
Chinese medicine.
This allows us to recognize
that the concepts we have
studied in the past concerning man are not sufficient for our needs, and
we have finally come to recognize that the human body is an open, complex
giant system. Concerning this question, Comrade Chen Xin also stated very
clearly in the first issue of "Chinese Journal of Somatic Science" in an
article entitled "Somatic Sciences - The Way to Major Breakthroughs in
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Modern Science"3. When I think about it, the reason we were able to come
up
with
this concept
was with
the
assistance of the discover of the
phenomenon of human paranormal abilities.
For my personal understanding,
I
must
thank the origins
provided
by
human paranormal abilities.
Therefore, those comrades who
are performing work in human paranormal
abilities have made major contributions and performed meritorious services
which will
be called a
milestone
in
the
history books
of man's
understanding of the world.
I pointed out in that article
in 1983 that somatic
science was a
major part of the body of modern science and technology.
It parallels the
natural sciences,
social sciences,
the mathematical
sciences, system
sciences,
thought
sciences, military
sciences,
behavioral sciences,
geological sciences
and the artistic theories. Each major part has three
levels, the theoretical sciences, the technical sciences and the practical
technologies.
Naturally, there are several special points in the artistic theories,
because the practice of artistic theory is artistic creation and is not
science.
When somatic science is added to the major fields above, there
are a
total
of
ten, which compose the body of modern science and
technology.
Each part
has its own philosophical outline.
The
philosophical outline of the natural sciences
is the natural dialectics.
The
philosophical
outline
of
social
sciences
materialism.
The philosophical outline of
the
artistic
theories is
is
the historical
aesthetics. The philosophical outline of the somatic sciences is the view
of man and nature.
Finally, they are all gathered together
in the
philosophy of Marxism,
while Marxism uses the philosophical outline of
each part to guide the advances in science and technology4.
In the
somatic sciences, the philosophy of Marxism guides research in the somatic
sciences through the view of man and nature. The achievements of somatic
sciences add to the philosophy of Marxism through
the view of man and
nature.
Although I already had the concept of somatic sciences in 1983, I had
a very
shallow understanding
toward the overall further understanding of
the human body at that time.
I only knew that it was very complex.
As to
what extent,
I was not clear.
Beginning in 1988, we gradually discovered
in our system discussion classes the concept that as a system, the human
body is not a normal system.
First of all, it is an open system, which is
to say that this system
has
exchanges
with
the
outside world.
For
example, through breathing, eating and drinking and elimination of wastes,
it carries out a material exchange.
Through sight, hearing, taste, smell
and touch it conducts an informational exchange. In addition, the human
body is composed of billions and billions of molecules.
Therefore, it is
not a small system nor is it a large system, but it is a giant system even
larger than a large system.
Also, all the component parts of this giant
system are different.
The interaction between these components is also
very complex. Therefore, it is a complex giant system.
Some giant
systems such as the
air in this auditorium are also composed of billions
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and billions of molecules, so it is a giant system.
However,
there are
not very many types of molecules, and the interaction among the molecules
is not complex, so it is a simple giant system.
For open simple giant
systems, a theory can be constructed to process them such as the theory of
I. Prigogine and H. Haken with a great deal of success. This won them the
Nobel
Prize.
However, using their theories to process open complex
systems such as the human body or society is unsuccessful.
This
was the
fallacy of the "brains" of the social sciences in advocating the injection
into China of foreign economic theory a short time ago.
Therefore, to study an open, complex giant system such as the human
body, it is necessary to take another route.
It has been the past few
years that we have formed a type of method
in our systems sciences
discussion class which we called "the comprehensive integration method
from the quantitative to the qualitative"5. Specifically, it is combining
bit by bit, everyone's qualitative and
incomplete opinions to form a
numerical model, entering boundary restrictions and performing qualitative
calculations, and finally reaching a conclusion. Actually, this is also
the modernized processing method of what in the past we called "democratic
centralism".
However, in the past when using this principle, errors were
committed, and when error was added on top of error, it was not possible
to collect
the proper opinions.
Why was this the case
Because there was
no scientific method to accomplish the summing up.
During sessions of he
National People's Congress or the Chinese People's Political Consultative
Congress the delegates would put forward a number of opinions and there
were several programs, but finally what happened was there was actually no
good method of summing up these
ideas or platforms,
so
how could a
scientific decision be reached?
Therefore, all credit for the formation
of the concept of an open, complex giant system and the comprehensive
integration method from the quantitative to the qualitative should go to
the Chinese people. From this
basis,
mans' ability
to
understand his
world has risen to a new stage.
Since man is an open, complex giant system, in our study of somatic
science, we must use "the comprehensive integration method from the
quantitative to the qualitative".
This is
a
basic view point and
methodology. This new concept we have come up with, we should say here at
today's meeting, had its beginnings in the theories of Chinese medicine.
Therefore, we have already pointed out that Chinese medicine, QIGONG, and
human paranormal
abilities all taken together form somatic sciences.
Now
I would like to say that our theories have also risen, risen to this view
that the human body is an open, complex giant system.
We should hold this
view to reshape all old knowledge of the human body.
I
believe that this
is the
task of
the Chinese
Association of Somatic Science.
this task is a monumental task and will take a great deal of effort.
Naturally,
I am
afraid
it
will take until
the next century.
However, we must have
confidence. In the past thousands of years, mankind has constantly
searched for, and today has finally found, the proper avenue, and we must
go down that road.
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II. SOMATIC SCIENCE RESEARCH MUST PAY ATTENTION TO CLINICAL MEDICINE
Since the human body is an open, complex giant system, the study of
the human body must not be simplified. We must not grasp one single point
and ignore the rest.
Therefore, we must
search for truth through facts
and must
pay special serious
attention to obtaining
knowledge from
experience. As for somatic science, the basis for practical
knowledge is
medicine.
Medicine is the most
abundant source for practical knowledge
for somatic science.
Because man becomes ill, and when he becomes
ill he
is treated.
In order to
treat ailments, it is necessary to clarify the
cause of the disease and to study just what the
human body is.
This is
especially
true of clinical medicine.
It
has direct contact with
There is no way to
patients.
A patient is a real and complex entity.
simplify the patient.
I have had contact
with a number of persons who
conduct medical research.
They often simplify man, and often look down on
people practicing clinical
medicine,
feeling
that they are not very
"scientific". However, I feel
that the "scientific" they are talking
about is often a component of mechanical materialism.
We in the somatic
sciences must never commit the errors of mechanical materialism.
We must
pay serious
attention to
the experiences of clinical medicine, including
Chinese medicine.
Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of years
and includes
a great number of things. Through practical experience,
Chinese medicine has a great deal
of
perceptual
knowledge.
They also
worked hard to summarize this and to form the precious theories of Chinese
medicine.
Naturally, there are also minority nationality medicines such
as
Tibetan
medicine and Mongol medicine,
so we
call it traditional
medicine. Actually, this problem is also being taken seriously in foreign
countries.
In the british magazine "The New Scientist"S, it was stated
that there are two medicines in North Africa, one is called Frankincense
and one is called Myrrh which are very famous and which they are studying.
Later we also saw a news item that stated that chimpanzees in Africa eat
two types of leaves
every morning, one has the Latin name of Aspilia and
the other is called Lippia Plicata. The item stated that these
two types
of
tree
leaves are
healthy
and give an appetite.
That is to say,
chimpanzees
also
eat
herbs.
Therefore, Chinese medicine and the
nationality medicines all over
the world are very fruitful storehouses,
and there histories are probably longer than several
thousand years.
If
we
tack
on
the ancestors
of
man, it is probably a history of several
hundred million years.
Another major aspect is Western medicine. Another is the combination
of Chinese and Western medicine. In this years fifth issue of "People's
Pictorial"Z, I saw some successes of the combining of Chinese and Western
medicine. However, I could not find these in medical books.
This is also
something very valuable in the practical experience of medicine, and we
must not ignore these things.
The fifth
aspect is psychological treatment.
There has been a fair
amount of growth here in the past several
years.
Professor Wu Jieping,
vice chairman of the China Science Commission told me that psychological
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treatment is very important, and that when he was seeing patients, he used
psychology.
Therefore, everyone should not
feel
that psychological
treatment is not important. The treatment of
patients by
QIGONG masters
also has a psychological effect.
The sixth
aspect is QIGONG.
QIGONG is very effecting in treating
certain ailments of certain people.
However, the pattern has not yet been
fully identified. We cannot, however, ignore QIGONG because of this.
The seventh aspect is paranormal abilities.
Many comrades here today
all conduct research in paranormal abilities, so I need not speak more of
the significance of paranormal abilities within somatic science.
Are there
still more aspects?
As our understanding grows, there may
well be more.
These seven aspects I have mentioned are mentioned in the
general order
in which they have received serious attention after their
appearance.
Naturally, the comrades here today probably have their own
order, and I will not argue this.
However, these seven aspects are all
directly used to process man, and they cannot be simplified for practical
experience of
the human body and our research into the somatic sciences.
We must consider man as an open, complex giant system, and no two people
are the same.
Therefore, clinical medicine is the most abundant and
complete source of information for research into somatic science and must
be given
our
full attention.
In our Chinese Association of Somatic
Science there is a Clinical Medicine Philosophy Committee. Their research
plays a major role in the development of somatic science. Furthermore, to
what I have said in this section, we should not restrict ourselves to
Chinese medicine, but should also include all seven aspects of clinical
medicine. For example, I have already suggested using the theories of
Chinese medicine to analyze large numbers of cases of Western medicine.
From the viewpoint
of somatic
science, there can be even greater
developments in clinical
medicine.
In the
past
when
talking about
medicine, it was divided into the first medicine which was the medicine of
the treatment of disease, and the second medicine which was the medicine
of health maintenance and disease prevention.
As for the concept of the
third medicine, I have several different ideas.
The English for the third
medicine is rehabilitation medicine.
Our
translation
as
"recovery
medicine" is not appropriate. For a patient to recover,
that belongs to
the
first
medicine, while
third
medicine actually
refers
to
the
restoration
of functions
of
the disabled.
It
is
recovery through
mechanical methods.
Actually,
there are a great many such instruments.
Nearsightedness cannot be cured, so glasses are worn. If
one is hard of
hearing, he
wears a hearing aid.
If the heart function is poor, a pace
maker is implanted. As science and technology advances, there are more
There is an article called "Conceptual
and more of this sort of thing.
Technology"8 in which it.
states that
"We have been wearing glasses for
several generations.
Then there were contact lenses. Now we perform eye
surgery to help ourselves see better.
We can also
remove aged bones and
replace it with stainless steel and
plastics are being used to replace
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skin. We are slowly and
actually using more and more materials
in the
human body. We are becoming controlled machines. We are using technology
externally and internally to perform certain mechanisms of life."
On the
second page of the 28 May, 1990 issue of "Guangming Ribao" there was a
news item on a "new model multiple function rehabilitation
bed being
placed into use" . This discussed using a new multiple function electronic
bed to help people perform a number of lost functions.
Somatic science
research can help us manufacture even more mechanical electronic devices.
These devices can help people
recover some
functions
which medical
treatment methods cannot recover.
Therefore,
I believe
that the third
medicine cannot be called
recovery
medicine,
but
should be called
"reconstructive medicine", which is
the reconstruction
of organs of the
human body.
From the viewpoint of somatic science, I feel that there should be a
fourth medicine, which is the stimulation of functions which most people
do not have, such as paranormal abilities.
I
call this "Creation
Medicine".
We must create ourselves, create
a man superior to that
created by "god". Also, this is a conscious dynamic creation.
This is
one major
aspect of our somatic science.
It also includes three other
aspects.
The first is to use the
the accomplishments
in athletics.
Comrade
Xia Shuangquan of the Wuhan
Physical Education College studied
improve athletic
achievements.
methods of
somatic science to enhance
and tested
using QIGONG methods to
The second
aspect is to improve mans
intelligence. Comrade Wu Yitong of
conducted some experiments
in this area, using QIGONG methods.
Anwei has
However, it was an error for him to
list using QIGONG to correct nearsightedness in this category, as that is
a
first
medicine problem.
The
third aspect is to induce paranormal
abilities, bringing into play abilities which are dormant in man or which
man does not have.
I believe that somatic science should study the fourth
medicine, which are problems of creative medicine.
Somatic
science should turn
toward
medicine, and
the
clinical
medicine includes the four medicines, which are the first medicine, the
second medicine, the third medicine and the fourth medicine.
Furthermore,
the
four medicines all must use
Chinese medicine, Western medicine,
combined Chinese and Western medicine,
folk medicine, psychological
treatment, QIGONG, and paranormal abilities.
We naturally are also unable
to
state that paranormal
abilities
only
belongs
within
the
fourth
medicine.
This concept must be clarified.
]
In
Shanghai
there
is
a
doctor
called
Sun Qiyuan.
He studies
leukaemia.
He
advocates
that
it
is
wrong
to separate
medicine and
pharmacology9.
I feel that this is reasonable.
£
Some people do not go to
a doctor
when
they
are
ill,
but buy
medicine according
to the
advertisements for drugs which could cause problems. This is because even
though they have the same ailment, no two people are alike, and no matter
what a persons condition, or as we say what their functional state might
be, it is not right to just take any medicine.
The current state of
confusion in the medical treatment enterprises is a cause for concern.
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We who
work in
somatic science should also note that there are very
many problems which clinical medicine has not solved.
Not long ago
I saw
Doctor Kuang Peigen of Hospital Number 301. She talked to me about the
problem of pain. She said that this problem is very complex, and that we
did not understand it. There is a World Pain Association, and there are a
large number of people who have joined it.
Some are medical personnel,
some are psychologists and some are sociologists. Because the causes of
pain are very complex, much pain cannot be cured and nothing can be done
about it.
Therefore, our knowledge of the human body, especially our
knowledge of the nervous system is very lacking.
III.
THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS
In 1983, In my article "About
Thought
Science",
I
mentioned this
problem.
Now I believe that we who are doing research in somatic science
should also pay attention to this problem. Because the
human body is an
open, complex giant system, it is necessary to give serious consideration
to the feedback effects of the human consciousness
to the other parts of
the body.
This
is
psychology,
a
basic branch of science in somatic
sciences.
When
they
studied
the
human mind
in
ancient times, they
committed mistakes
of idealism.
Later, when psychology was established,
it
came up
against
mechanical
materialism.
A
typical example is
behavioral psychology,
which is the so-called "black box theory".
At the
present time, there are a great number of different types of psychological
research in foreign country, and none of these can convince the others.
However, I believe some of the questions can be clarified.
For example,
research in brain science can resolve such problems as sensation, which is
the detection of external information, and how it is transmitted
to the
brain after receiving it.
This
is biological psychology.
However, the
next higher level of sensation is known in psychology as perception. This
is very complicated and cannot be clarified.
Because perception involves
even more complex questions such
as
how does the brain process the
received information. There are people in foreign countries who have done
research in ovine perception. They say if a man is standing, the sheep is
afraid.
If the man is lying down, the sheep is not afraid. This is one
interesting phenomenon.
Recently I saw a book
review10 which
reviewed a
book called
"Synesthesia" by Richard E. Cytowic.
From the book review, I
felt that it should not have been called Synesthesia, but should have been
called "Feelings".
Feelings are something even higher on the scale than
of
perception.
For example,
someone hears music,
first
all
is the
sensation from
the ear
to the hearing nerves,
and then the controlling
portion of the brain processes the sensation information
which gives rise
to perception.
Perception is then combined with the culture of the person
listening to the music and finally the feelings of listening to the music
are reached.
Similar processes apply to touring scenic areas, reading
poetry or watching a performance.
However, I see that
is very difficult
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for psychology
to study this question, because it currently can still not
be divorced from the processing method of the reduction theory.
There are
many books
like this.
This
is a problem that psychology is presently
faced with.
It is even more important
for we who are doing research in
somatic science to pay attention to this problem, and we must jump out of
the framework of psychology and use
the methods of processing open,
complex giant systems,
and we must
use the comprehensive integration
method from qualitative to quantitative to gradually move up from
biological psychology
to the spiritual level which R. Sperry talks about.
Once we have determined how human
sensation rises
to the
high spiritual
activities,
and
then,
how
does
this high level activity feed back and
affect other portions of the human body. This is actually to establish a
science of spirituality. If those working in somatic science do not study
this question, a number of questions such as QIGONG and human paranormal
abilities may not be able to be solved. I spoke of this problem before,
and today while summarizing this concept of "sensation", I would
like to
iterate the role of consciousness and mind in somatic science.
IV.
LEADING IDEOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY IN STUDYING SOMATIC SCIENCES
Research in somatic science must use the philosophy of Marxism, which
is dialectical materialism, as its guide. As for somatic science, it is
the view of man and nature which connects it to the philosophy of Marxism.
The three levels of the view of man and nature
are the microscopic view,
the macroscopic view and the universal view. Chinese medicine has made
large contributions to the macroscopic view aspects.
Here, I would like
to emphasize
that we must not commit errors of idealism and mechanical
materialism.
In some fields of natural sciences and technology it is not
very easy to commit errors of idealism. However, due to the influences of
Western sciences,
it is very easy to commit
errors
of
mechanical
materialism.
As we say in the vernacular, this is stubborn as a mule, and
Research into somatic science not
it takes a simplistic view of problems.
against mechanical
only guard
against idealism, it must also guard
materialism.
In
the past, the persons
who criticized research into
paranormal abilities and opposed us included those who said we were guilty
of idealism and mechanical materialism.
However,
if
we maintain the
philosophy
of
Marxism, and maintain dialectical materialism, if anyone
calls us
idealistic, then they must themselves be guilty of mechanical
materialism.
Therefore, I once more stress that those working in somatic
sciences must do a good job in learning the philosophy of Marxism.
Otherwise, we not only will not be able to do a good job in our research
in somatic science, but will also make mistakes.
The
central leading
comrades have repeatedly stressed that leading cadre must do a good job in
learning the philosophy of
Marxism.
Why have
they done that? Because
leading comrades must handle social
problems,
and these are an open,
complex giant system.
It
shares
this
point
in common with somatic
science.
Therefore, those
working in somatic science must do a good job
in learning the philosophy of Marxism.
Recently I saw the
book "Preliminary
Explorations into
the View of
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Man and Nature" edited by Comrade Ye Jun of Sichuan. I believe that the
book contains a number of things
that
appear to be true and are yet
untrue.
Therefore, it will not be an easy task to construct this bridge
of the view of man and nature between somatic science and the philosophy
of Marxism.
Here
I
would
like to say that the problems faced by the Chinese
Communist Party in leading the new democratic revolution and in socialist
construction are very complex, but they have achieved great victories and
accomplishments. The summarization of this experience and the refining of
a high degree of philosophy lies in the though of Mao Zedong. The thought
of Mao Zedong presents the theory of scope of dialectical materialism for
interrelated complex problems11.
It is
a sharp
weapon for research in
somatic sciences. We must study and put to use this philosophical thought
of Mao Zedong.
With
a
leading
ideology,
the
next
thing
is the problem of
methodology.
The method for
handling
this
open,
complex giant system
which
is
human
body
the
is
the
comprehensive integrated method from
qualitative to quantitative.
It
is not
that
old method of reduction
theory.
The reduction
theory dissects things, tests them, and then puts
them back together.
This is the Baconian method of 300 years ago. For
the
past
several
hundred
years people
have always
followed this
"scientific method" when conducting research work.
However,
this set of
methods cannot be used to solve open, complex giant systems. Because this
be dissected?
And
the small
system is extremely complex, how is it to
system dissected
are
not
the original systems and there is no way to
summarize the bit by bit research of the small systems.
I
just mentioned
that the views of persons conducting medical research are not the same as
those of clinical doctors, and the patients faced every day by clinical
doctors are each and every on an entire person, an entire entity. Facing
this open, complex giant system of the
human
body, we must conduct
comprehensive research, and must not tarry
at the level of doing bit by
bit research. We must summarize research of the various portions. There
are numerous papers published in the medical field every year, but they do
not solve problems. Why? Because that
research is all bit by bit,
partial, and has not been all summarized. Somatic science research must
summarize all information.
That requires
the use
of the comprehensive
integration method of from qualitative to quantitative.
We stated in the first section that this method was the creation of
the Chinese people. The foreigners do not have it yet.
Naturally, they
also face complex problems in practice,
and know
that the old Baconian
methods do
not work,
so in recent years
there has
appeared in foreign
countries
fad of so
called complexity research.
However, after
discussing it back and
forth, no feasible methods came out
of it which
could solve problems.
So it
is we who are marching in the forefront.
This is something
that
we
Chinese workers
in
somatic science
can
celebrate.
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V.
OUR CURRENT DIFFICULTIES AND CHALLENGES
On the other hand, in practical use of the research method described
above, because it involves the social
situation of China,
there
are a
number of difficulties that
have yet
to be overcome.
There is a great
deal of information
to
be summarized.
It
cannot be done by hand.
Therefore, we must use
the methods
of modern information technology and
use modern information technology as
tools
to assist
human
thought in
order to complete the comprehensive integration
form the qualitative to
the quantitative. Those doing somatic science research must take part in
this work and must have a firm grasp of this method.
As we are know, Mei
Lei of the Space Medicine Engineering Lab has done a great deal of work
with computers and Lu Zhu and Lu Huo of the Nanjing Military Region Main
Hospital have done research in dimensional
EEG .
Is it not possible to
summarize this work on EEG? Recently I saw research into fingerprints by
Shao Ziyuan of the Henan Physical Science Research Academy13 which stated
that finger prints represent a persons genetic information, and by looking
at fingerprints it is possible to
select people with athletic abilities.
Since finger prints represent heredity,
I think
that this is simplistic.
and it cannot be said
that
heredity
is
all determining, environmental
I fear that human functional states
influences also
play a great role.
parameters
to
describe
them
and
must not be
require several hundred
simplified.
Recently
I
saw
an
article in "Nature Magazine" by Zhang
Shaoguang on his theory concerning the networks of
the human body14. He
stated that the material basis for networks were a type of liquid crystals
which organized movement between certain gaps and channels in the human
body.
This is also too simplistic.
Also, it is only one idea and no
thorough research has been done.
Heilongjiang Science and Technology
Press has come out with a book on modernized research in Chinese medicine
by Zhang Shishun in which he quotes me as saying that the human body is a
system.
However, his
system is too simple. He also uses that pansystem
theory of Wu Xuemou of
Wuhan.
Zeng
Weijun of the Nanjing Municipal
Jiangpu County Hospital has written a book on research in Chinese medicine
by many scientific disciplines which broadens the horizons of the theories
of Chinese medicine. He has brought in everything he could use. This is
an excellent beginning, but it is only a beginning.
Because the human
body is too complicated, we must not now simplify it.
In
the past,
Western medicine frequently made
the
mistake
of
simplification, treating only the seat of
the disease.
Recently
in the
May 1990 issue of "Scientific American" I saw an article written by Steven
A. Rosenberg15. He told how to enhance the human
immune capabilities to
allow the
immune system to defeat
cancer.
This is a step in the right
direction.
The article stated that in 1968 when he was a
resident of the
Boston
Hospital
he
had
a patient with stomach pains. An examination
showed he was suffering from gall stones. He used surgery to remove the
stones. However, checking the patients medical records he discovered that
12 years earlier the patient had stomach cancer and when it was operated
on, it was
discovered
that
it
had spread to the intestines and was
inoperable. The doctor believed that he had at the most three months to
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live.
However, strangely enough, after three months, he grew stronger and
stronger, and 12 years later while undergoing surgery for gall stones, it
was discovered that the cancer was completely gone. Rosenberg believes
that it was the result of the immune system. This is one type of system
view point, and is
not treating the head if the head hurts and treating
the foot if the foot hurts.
I also thought of Chinese medicine treatments.
They often use a type
of tonic.
What is a tonic? In general it is what Western medicine calls
strengthening the immune abilities. However, what Chinese medicine calls
a tonic is more than the Western medicine enhancement of immune abilities.
Western medicine now
also
uses
some
tonic medicines, such as Lysium
Chinese and astragalus. However, Western medicine does not know that the
time of year is important for tonics.
Some tonics can only be taken in
the Winter and cannot be taken
in the Summer. Chinese medicine is more
clear on this.
These examples all make it clear
that
we must use
the
view the
problems of the human
body from
the viewpoint of an open, complex giant
system.
We must use
the
comprehensive
integration
method
from the
qualitative to the quantitative.
We
must use the philosophy of Marxism
and the view of man and nature to
guide our research, and must not only
grasp a single point without the rest.
If there are to be accomplishments
in somatic science research, mechanical materialism must be overcome.
However, at
the present time, dispersion
is a major
problem, and
dispersion is a major enemy of somatic science
research.
Within the
Association of Somatic Science, there are quite a number of well known old
experts. They have already retired
from the front line of scientific
research and do not wish to do that bit by bit work any more.
If the bit
by bit research is not all summarized, how
can
we progress?
This is
extremely important for somatic science research.
There have been accomplishments in Chinese somatic science research
and there is great hope for the future. This is not only because we have
Marxism - Leninism and the thought
of Mao
Zedong and the philosophy of
Marxism guiding our work, but Chinese Somatic Science Research is also
guided by the Party.
At
the top there is a Party and State four man
somatic science leadership team, and below the leadership team there is a
group of experts.
Because somatic science research requires the use of
the comprehensive
integration method
from
the
qualitative
to the
quantitative which requires summarization, I would like to stress one more
time that summarization is the most
important task
for the expert team.
The board of directors of the Association of Somatic Science should also
conduct summarization work.
It is
also necessary
to do
the bit by bit
operations, but summarization is where the future of somatic science lies.
We must turn around the trend toward scattered research!
In the past in
the atomic and nuclear bomb, we relied on a unified leadership, relied on
a high degree of political awareness,
high degree of organizational
discipline, and high degree of science.
This type of organized integrated
operations is what somatic science needs.
I
hope that
through this type
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of work we can change how others view our Association of Somatic Science.
They feel we are the "Chinese Association of
Paranormal Abilities" only
working
with performances or
doing
bit by bit testing or the "China
Association of QIGONG".
We must
enter
a
new
age
of Chinese Somatic
Science.
The scope of our work must not only include the first medicine
and the second medicine, but must also be broadened to the third medicine
and we
must create
the fourth medicine.
Therefore, somatic science is
intimately related to socialist modernization construction in China.
Are the points of my understanding as I
related them
above correct?
I ask the board to discuss them.
The members of theboard are the leaders
of our association. Our Chinese Association of Somatic Sciences must act
as determined by the board.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Chen Xin, "Chinese Journal of Somatic Science", 1(1990), pp 11.
2.
Qian Xuesen, "Nature Magazine", 6(1983), pp 563.
3.
Chinese Association
of Somatic
Science, "Chinese Journal of Somatic
Science", 1(1990, pp 6.
4.
Qian Xuesen "Philosophical Research", 4(1989), pp 54.
5.
Qian Xuesen, Yu Jingyuan, Dai Ruwei, "Nature Magazine", 13(1990) pp 3;
Originally entitled
"Comprehensive Integration Method Which Combines
Qualitative and Quantitative".
Now,
in
order to
better
conform with
reality, it has been changed to "Comprehensive Integration Method From the
Qualitative to the Quantitative".
6.
Collin Michie, "New Scientist", No. 1696/1697 (1989), pp 26
7. "People's Pictorial" (1990) issue 499 pp
36, issue 500 pp
40, issue
501 pp 35, issue 502 pp 28 and issue 504 pp 33.
8.
"Bulletin", State Science Commission
Joint Planning Group for High
Technology, Chinese Science and Technology Information Office (1990, issue
13 (issue 1725 overall).
9.
Sun Qiyuan,
"Preliminary
Investigation
into
Chinese
Medicine
Treatments of Leukaemia", Haifeng Printing Limited, (1990), pp 151.
10.
Glyn Humphreys, "Nature", 353 (1990), pp 30.
11.
Edited by Song Yixiu
and Shang
Xiaocai, "Teaching
Materials in the
Philosophy and Thought of Mao Zedong", East China Normal University Press
(1989), pp 102.
12.
Wang Zhikang, "Philosophical Research", 3(1990), pp 102.
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13.
Shao
Ziyuan,
Liu
Jiansheng
etal,
"Fingerprints
and
Choosing
Abilities", Peoples Physical Education Press (1989).
14.
Zhang Shaoguang and Zhang
Shaoming, "Nature Magazine", 13(1990) pp
270; He Zongyan, "Nature Magazine", 13(1990) pp 323.
15.
Steven A. Rosenberg, "Scientific American", 5(1990), 34.
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THE WORKING TASK OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
BY:
Zhang Zhenhuan
Today, Comrade Qian
Xuesen described in a detailed and systematic
manner the problems concerning the various aspects of somatic science. In
the past, Comrade Qian Xuesen has spoken with insight on somatic science,
playing a major role in promoting our work.
Today, Comrade Qian Xuesen
has come to take pat in our meeting, and we are very happy to see his high
spirits and hear his resonant voice.
Today we also celebrate
the founding
of
the
"Chinese Journal of
Somatic Science".
This
is a publication jointly managed by the China
Society of Somatic
Science and Shanghai's Jiaotong University.
This
cooperation helps
to ensure the quality of the magazine. We hope that
everyone will take this cooperation seriously and will treasure it.
Having heard Comrade Qian Xuesen's report, I feel that there is still
8
very
great
distance
from what
we are doing
in our work and the
requirements Mister Qian spoke of. Mister Qian's speech today on somatic
science was very thorough and systematic.
He pointed out that somatic
science is the combination of many scientific disciplines.
To actually
carry it out, the contents are very abstruse and very difficult.
Our work is guided by the philosophy of Marxism.
How is it led?
This should be very specific. How can we, through our work,
cause even
more people to understand us and to attract even more scientists to take
part in our work?
As
for the question of
mechanisms, this
has not yet
been clarified.
We should resolutely continue and not waver.
We should
continue to open up new areas in our work.
As for he debate over somatic science, it has not yet stopped.
A
doctor of chemistry in Hong Kong once said, "even if my own son could read
characters using his ears, I would still not
believe it.
However, there
are comrades of this sort around us, who just because their own child can
read characters with their ears, so do
they
believe in it.
The year
before last there were several Americans, including a magician who came to
China to oppose human paranormal abilities
and QIGONG.
They wanted to
see, but we would not let
them see.
Why
should we
show them Chinese
things. Later there was an investigative commission which came from the
United States, and it published an article saying that there was still no
proof of human paranormal abilities.
What qualifications did they have to
publish such a criticism
(Comrade
Qian Xuesen interjected :
didn't the
person who invited those Americans -
the Editor-in-chief
of the "Science
and Technology Daily" - resign?)
We want
to do a good job of combining somatic science with the study
of Marxism.
Concerning the question
of consciousness and existence, the
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question
of thought and the
brain, and the problem of subjective and
objective, we must do a good job in our study and research.
As of now,
there
has still
been no work dealing specifically with the problem of
consciousness.
This is a problem of doing a good job in research from the
viewpoint of the philosophy of Marxism.
We have discovered a new
phenomenon, and we should outline it from the viewpoint of philosophy, and
when it cannot be explained in terms of old concepts and old view points,
we should create new things. Also, as for the human brain, we have done
only very
little superficial research.
In order to further investigate
such problems, can we train ourselves to generate certain functions?
If
we ourselves have these abilities, then we have a right to speak about the
explanations of certain things. We have to work hard in these areas.
In
general, our work is
still quite
a ways
from the systematic and strict
requirements proposed by Mister Qian.
Below, I would like to talk about the problem of the organizational
establishment of the society.
At the present time there are people all
over China submitting requests to
join the Chinese Society of Somatic
Science.
To deal with this, we have adopted an active serious program in
organizational development operations, and as of the end of March of 1990,
our society had grown to 333 members. Of these 185, or 55.6 percent, held
a position at the
level of associate professor or associate researcher.
This illustrates
that the quality of our membership is relatively high.
Our members
are
scattered from
27 provinces, Cities
and Autonomous
Regions.
At the
present time only Qinghai, Xizang and Hainan Island do
not have members.
The concentrations of members are in Beijing, Shanghai,
Sichuan,
Yunnan,
Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, and Hunan. There are
already six group memberships, and the Jiangxi Province Somatic Science
Society and the Guizhou Province Somatic Science Society have requested to
become new group members.
It is worthy of note that
in areas
where provincial, municipal, or
autonomous region
first
level
somatic science societies (or research
committees) have been established, under
the leadership of he local
science committees or science association, in order to make widespread
contact with activist elements, this has spread to
number of local
societies.
For those who are top notch and who have made contributions
toward the growth of somatic science, only when one of these submits an
application is he accepted as a member of the Chinese Society of Somatic
Science.
This is the way it was handled in Yunnan and Guizhou.
From what
we have learned a few prestigious societies have used this tiered form
growth model. Now, our Chinese
Society of Somatic Science, with the
support
of
the
local societies
in the various localities, has these
layered conditions.
In the work of organizational
growth in
the future,
we should also
learn from
their experience and adopt a layered growth
membership method.
In order to strictly
ensure the quality of our membership,
we are
primarily adopting two methods.
One is to travel the mass line, relying
on the local societies for new membership growth. The second is to act in
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accordance with
the
charter
of our society, thoroughly investigate and
research applications and conduct review and approval in a serious manner.
Having tested the measures above through practice, I believe they are
actually effective.
After
several
years
of stable
growth,
the vast
majority
of
activists
who are really conducting scientific research or
organizational and liaison
work in somatic science have already been
New activists will continue to appear in the
absorbed into our society.
future, but not on a large
scale.
In the
first
half of
1990, the
organizational work committee received a total of 30 applications to join
the society.
Except
for
two applications
which
did not meet
qualifications, all were handled in the order received. For a fairly long
time into the future, we will in general be able
to ensure this type of
growth rate.
As for the problem of training, such as training doctors to
see into patient's bodies, we have to pay more attention to this.
To
sum
this
up,
we
should
have
strict
and conscientious
organizational work,
to gradually form a corps of cadre which can fight a
hard fight in
the realm of somatic science.
This is a reliable
organizational
guarantee towards
our strategic objectives and toward
achieving the various tasks which Comrade Qian Xuesen pointed out today in
his report.
In the
past several years, by relying on this corps or ours, we have
achieved a
certain
degree of
success
in academic construction.
In
general, there are the following aspects:
The
first,
through
strict, designed and targeted
scientific
experiments, we have demonstrated several objective phenomena of the human
body under different functional states.
This has provided a valuable clue
towards establishing a singular science concerned with these phenomena.
Second, according to these facts which have already been established,
some
scientific
research;
personnel have already begun to conduct
theoretical research such as
Comrade Liu Yicheng's preliminary research
into multistate physics.
Many others have received much encouragement
from his work.
Third, in order to have more
thorough research, all of
the special
committees set up have begun different degrees of explorations along the
direction of their special interests, providing an excellent beginning.
Fourth, some special committees, such as the fourth
medicine special
committee,
have already conducted a number of attempts at the applied
science
level such as making students
more
intelligent
with some
preliminary accomplishments.
This type of work is continuing to develop.
Fifth, in
the conduct of somatic science experiments, especially in
the conduct of human paranormal
ability
experiments,
several special
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problems have arisen such
as the
discovery that the thought activity of
those taking part in
the
experiments could
produce
an unconventinal
reaction on the capabilities of the
instruments.
This is a phenomenon
unseen in ordinary physics experiments.
With this work, and facing the
results obtained
in somatic science
research,
this problem
has
arisen
which has attracted attention:
How
should we view human thought activity?
This reminds me of a conclusion of
Engels which was that human conscious thought is the highest level of all
forms of activities in the material world.
Since this
is the case, just
exactly what effect can this type of the highest form of activity have on
other forms of activities. As for this question, standing on the heights
of philosophy, Mao Zedong once proposed a topic
from the view point of
knowledge:
Material can be transformed into spiritual, and spiritual can
be transformed into material.
He also pointed out that this is a leap
phenomenon often seen in daily
activities.
It
would appear that our
research in somatic science may make some discoveries and some progress in
this area. There are now people who are considering:
How can conscious
activities be tested?
There is a scientific
researcher in the "Second
Artillery" system who developed an instrument which he designed to measure
"thought forces". Some of the comrades here today have already taken part
in these experiments. How can we continue to develop
this?
This work
should be continued.
Also, in the past acupuncture treatment required the
use of material needles, but now there are those who hold the needles but
do not have to stick the needle into the patients body, but stick the
needle into the acupuncture mannikin, and the patient senses this.
How is
this done?
Of the people using this
method, there
is one called Chen
Deshun who is a deputy chief resident.
He said that it is possible to
stimulate a reaction in the patient
through thought activity.
Is this
really the case. We should use strict testing to demonstrate this, using
a
"double blind", where
the
patient
does not
know
beforehand what
acupuncture point on his body the doctor will
try
to affect with his
thought activity, and the doctor himself will not know beforehand which
acupuncture point will be selected, but this will all be determined at the
last moment by those conducting the experiment.
Later, the results will
be compared, and see if the acupuncture points affected by the doctor's
thoughts and the ones the patient
sensed
were
the same.
If these
experiments are able to produce hoped for results,
then it would signify
that these new phenomena are presenting a challenge to physics.
To do research and
to have results in this research on the open,
complex giant
system of the human body, methodology
is very important.
Everyone
must
conscientiously study and have
a
firm
grasp
of
the
"comprehensive
integration
method
from
qualitative
to quantitative"
brought up by Mister Qian.
Since it is from qualitative to quantitative,
researchers themselves must
have personal practical experience in the
things they
are researching. It is only in this manner that there can be
qualitative knowledge. Therefore, if your are doing research in QIGONG,
you
should have some personal knowledge of QIGONG. If you are doing
research in human paranormal abilities, it would be best if
you possessed
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paranormal abilities yourself.
Comrade Long Wenyu of the standing board
of governors of our society is
already in his seventies, and yet has
developed a degree of abilities. This is a great inspiration to us all.
There are people who oppose us who say that we are all wrong.
This spurs
us on.
If people raise an army against us, it will make us all the more
determined, and we will definitely find some way to make it through.
In order to do a good job in somatic science research, we must still
thoroughly study and use the knowledge of modern science.
At the same
time, we should work hard to
extract the
essence of China's traditional
culture.
This is our major
advantage, and it should not be overlooked.
We should be fully aware that research in somatic science is a difficult
system engineering project, just like Mister Qian said, we must expend a
great deal of energy to collecting and studying in many
different areas,
and then consider the summarization of this work. In order to do this, we
must do a good job in division of labor and cooperation.
We must do a
good job in organizational coordination. The Chinese Society of Somatic
Sciences must consciously undertake these tasks.
From the progress made
or
three years,
the
key points of our work are to
strengthen the work of the various special committees and to strengthen
in the past
two
the various
local somatic
science societies.
For example, the Sichuan
Provincial Somatic Science Society has done the following things in about
one year:
One, the provincial somatic science society leadership section
was injected with new strength, with deputy governor of Sichuan in charge
of education, Comrade Han Bangyan serving as the director, and Comrades
Zhou Mengpu and Wang Puyan serving as deputy directors.
The provincial
science committee and the provincial education committee also both support
the work of the somatic
science society.
Second,
it
is
making
preparations to establish a Sichuan Provincial
Somatic Science Research
Center with personnel and spaces from the Sichuan Scientific and Technical
University.
The provincial science committee has
provided expenses.
In this manner, they
have
formed
a
new scientific
research base.
The
original scientific
research base, the Sichuan
University Somatic
Science Research
Lab
still
continues
to progress
forward according to its own characteristics.
This year it has cooperated
with units concerned in Beijing in applying for
research topics from the
State
Natural
Science Foundation
Commission.
In this manner, it has
approved this and
gradually formed
a
situation
with
both
division of labor and
new
cooperation.
Somatic science societies or research committees in other
areas can also create their own
new experiences.
We
are prepared to
conduct some investigations and studies to summarize this experiences and
to gradually publicize them.
According to the original plan, in the second half of next year we
are to convene an international symposium on somatic science. Will we be
able to do a good job in this? This will depend on whether or not
we are
able to bring forth anything of any content. In order to do a good job in
preparation, we hope that everyone will make suggestions, and think up
some good ideas and like professor Ju Qingquan of the Sichuan Provincial
Somatic Science Research Center, who not only took the lead himself, but
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was also able to mobilize even
more people who share the common goal to
take part in the practical work
in somatic
sciences.
If everyone were
able to do this, our forces would be even larger.
In April of this year, a Japanese somatic science exchange group
visited China and visited such places as Beijing and
Jilin.
We were
prepared to receive them, and the results were fairly good. In the future
this sort of international exchange work will continue
to grow.
We must
all be prepared, and we must not take this too lightly.
The building up
of international exchange will be an encouragement to us.
In order to do a good job in these things mentioned above, we must
also strengthen
the work of our society office, and continue to do a good
job in our journal and our societies "bulletin". Everyone must work hard
to support
our journal which is the magazine "Chinese Journal of Somatic
Science"
We must also support our "bulletin".
Information materials
work must
also be firmly grasped, and some way found to collect even more
related information such as the biweekly broadcast on Soviet television of
information on human paranormal abilities.
We must widely collect such
information. At the same time, we must
do a good job in informational
exchanges and build up our contacts with various
areas.
It is only in
this way that the work of our Chinese Society of Somatic Sciences can be
even more effective and more dynamic.
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RESEARCH IN RESTORING A BROKEN LEAF THROUGH ESP
BY :
Wang Chongyuan, Shou Zhumin and Pu Xianggen of the Bai Qiuen
Medical University
ABSTRACT
This article reports on using ESP to restore artificially broken tree
leaves.
The experiment was videotaped and this
broken leaf
was cut into
thin
strips which were subjected
to microscopic examination with an
optical and electronic microscope. The examination demonstrated that the
skin and zoological cells on the surface of the pittosporum tobira leaf
were restored.
The experiment was repeated three times at different times
in different places, always successful.
The shortest time was 23 minutes
and the longest time was around four hours.
The
author has demonstrated
this fact in cytology ultrastructure. This will be of major significance
for the traditional concepts of restoration of organic trauma.
THE EXPERIMENT
The objective of the
experiment :
to
use
biocytology
methods to
demonstrate
the
possibility
and
actuality
of
ESP
restoration
of
artificially broken leaves.
Dates of experiments:
October and November of 1986.
Location of experiments:
Bai Qiuen Medical University.
Recording equipment:
Autopsy
microscope,
optical
microscope,
electron microscope (Japanese, 650 power).
ESP
subject :
Li
Zhanru,
female,
19
years old, student at the
Changchun Post and Telecommunications College (now a student
at the First
Military Medical University).
The conduct of the experiment: There was a division of labor among
those present at the experiment. There was the subject (the person with
ESP abilities - Li), the person in charge of the experiment, a monitor and
tester ( a volunteer took part) and the observers.
The leaves used
in the
experiment were chosen at random just prior to the experiment (the subject
did not know what type of leaf it would be prior to the experiment).
The
length of the leaf was measured and the
leaf was marked. With all the
observers watching, the leaf was torn into two pieces, and placed into the
hands of the subject (one of four illustration
on cover) (translator's
note, not available).
Then she held it in her fist, and after a length of
time, Li said she felt a sensation (meaning it had reconnected), and then
in front of the observers she opened her hands to let them see and the
state of re-connection was checked. In the process of the experiment, it
was required that the subject not leave her seat or open her hand. The
observers sat around the subject.
In the third experiment, a young woman
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was assigned to do a control experiment. The results of the experiment in
the restoration of the pittosporum tobira leaf were conclusive.
Although
modern biology and medicine cannot come up with an
explanation.
This
author
of this experiment did not rely purely on observation with the
naked eye.
The re-connection and state of restoration of
the broken leaf
was also subjected to observation at the cellular level.
In order to preserve the biological cells and tissue structure of the
pittosporum tariba leaf in a normal
and total
state, the leaf about to
form together was processed with fixer and was encased in wax.
Successive
slices were made and died for observation.
Viewed microscopically, the two ends of the pittosporum tariba leaves
had joined very well and there wan no trace of leaf overlapping.
Looking
at the veins of the leaves, the main veins and the branches as well as the
microscopic lines all lined up precisely back in their original position.
Although some sections had not yet completely rejoined and small gaps
remained, the veins of the leaves were reconnected, and the two ends came
together just as they were before separation (cover illustrations two and
three) (translator's note: not
available).
The degree recovery of the
surface of the two ends of the broken
leaf
was
not consistent.
The
thinner portions near the outer edges of the leaves had been fairly well
restored, while at the thicker portions
at the
veins there were visible
gaps, however, they had already grown back together (cover illustrations
three and four) (translator's note:
not
available).
Similarly, the
degree of recovery for different
levels
of
the
leaf
were also not
completely consistent. Cross sectional slices were made of the joining
areas of
the leaf, and gradual closing of the surface skin is visible,
forming a bridge connection
( illustrations
five
through
seven ) .
The
spongy tissue and the palisade tissue were successively built up. In the
restoration of the original biological tissue,
the sequence was from
surface to the interior, and at the same time it was also possible to see
layers which had not yet been completely restored (illustrations five
through eight).
Observation
under
a sweep electron microscope further demonstrated
the above described results of consecutive slicing.
The two
ends of the
broken leaf showed clear inconsistency in the degree of restoration at the
surface. The edges of the leaf had recovered far more than
the central
portions of the leaves, and no gaps could be seen there (see illustrations
nine and ten).
Cutting super
thin slices of the reconnected portions
of the leaf
demonstrated the
leaf
surface was completely restored according to the
original tissue structure.
The plant cell arrangement
was ordered.
Similarly, it was possible
to
see the diagonal gap in the state of
complete recovery and near
complete recovery
(illustrations eleven and
twelve).
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gap
gap
goes
smaller
5 .- 8 .:
successive
slides
- almost
no gap.
861309 15KV X25:6' 1208um
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ox
tron
roscope
861316 15KV X400 *** 750m
图 5 将接合部作连续切片,叶组织结
构逐渐靠近,下表面已经接合
图 6 接合部中层结构逐渐接近
图 7 同上
图 8
接合完好部分,植物结构重新组
合
图 9
电镜下 接合部分表面结构,可
见完好与缝隙同时存在
图 10
同图 9
图 11
接合部分断面表层修复完毕,
深层尚存有裂隙
图 12
局部细胞排列逐渐有序
861308 15KV X80:038dům
- gap
still
visible
with
electron
micro-
scope .
( top of
II ) :
1,000 X
matching
well
861317 15KV xi:bok"" 30um
. P
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.
see
10.
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ILLUSTRATION 5:
Making
diagonal slices at the juncture, the leaf tissue
structure gradually comes
closer
together,
and
the
lower
surface has
already closed.
ILLUSTRATION 6:
The
structures at
the middle of the juncture gradually
come closer together.
ILLUSTRATION 7:
Same as 6.
ILLUSTRATION 8:
Completely closed portion,
the plant
structure has once
again closed up.
ILLUSTRATION 9:
Under an electron microscope, the surface structure of
the juncture portions can be seen
to be complete
while
the gap also
exists.
ILLUSTRATION 10:
Same as 9.
ILLUSTRATION 11:
Recovery is completed at the surface layer of the cross
section of the juncture. A gap still exists in the deeper layers.
ILLUSTRATION 12:
Regional cellular arrangement gradually becomes ordered.
DISCUSSION
The key to the experiment of the restoration of broken
leaves is the
question
of whether
or not
Li
Zhanru's paranormal abilities actually
exist.
This is because they
are the primary condition
for success or
failure in the restoration of the broken leaf. Concerning Li's paranormal
abilities, continuously checked them for seven years between 1980 and 1986
(up until
the time of the experiment). We tracked her from the beginning
of junior middle school until she was in college.
During this time, she
was tested and evaluated by the somatic science research experts of the
various institutes of higher learning and scientific research units in our
province, and
there
is no room for doubt about the existence of her
paranormal abilities.
Her paranormal abilities are multifaceted, such as
recognizing characters with her ear, remote sensing, thought transference,
and seeing into the human body1.
As
for
the success
rate
restoring
broken
leaves
and
of
its
repeatability, the experiment or
restoring artificially
torn leaves was
conducted a total of three times
(not including
ten
times outside the
experiment) with success all three times.
The facts illustrate that it is
repeatable, and the success rate is high, eliminating random chance.
As
for recognition
of
paranormal
abilities,
the author believes
that
paranormal abilities have nothing to do with ghosts or goblins, but are a
special sense or latent ability of
the human body recognized by modern
man. There are certain conditions
under
which it occurs,
and these
conditions can be learned with energetic
training. However, it is also
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restricted by objective conditions.
Just as Qian Xuesen said,
the human
body is a complex giant system.
Because in the process of man learning
about the objective world is like an endless river, it never stops2.
We
have noted that these three successes took different lengths of time, some
longer than others. The first time only took 23 minutes.
The experiment
was held in a small meeting room, and we had discussed this experiment for
a long time, and were very excited and there was a cordial atmosphere.
Many of those observing were young graduate students, and the conditions
were very simple, there was no special equipment.
The second time was
much different from the first in that the experiment was held in video
taping class room. We used a video camera and there were bright lights
all around.
The
observers were all looked very curious and surprised.
The video camera ran the whole time.
According to the subject,
she was
afraid the experiment would fail,
and the many psychological factors
caused the time for her
to succeed to be longer.
This
is just as
professor Zhang Hekang said, the individual consciousness becomes the main
participant in the experiment. The so called individual consciousness is,
the author
believes, the ideas of paranormal abilities. But what are the
connection between these ideas and the
thought activities of the brain,
with the knowledge of paranormal abilities, with the location in time and
space when it is used on an object to alter it. Just because it is based
on such recognition, we tried to create conditions for each experiment.
Actually, scientific experiments all do their best to eliminate extraneous
factors such as putting the person with paranormal abilities at ease prior
to the experiment, eliminating
or
reducing
the
tenseness
of the
atmosphere, and
to conduct
some
stimulation experiments to induce the
abilities of the subject.
As for the question of restoration of the leaves after
being broken,
we observed the cellular ultrastructure, and in addition to aiding what
the naked eye could not see, we also wanted to test the reliability of the
observation and the actuality of the joint the broken leaves.
Paranormal
ability restoration of a broken leaf
is not
like abracadabra
and it is
done, but
it takes a period of time.
Through both the optical and the
electron microscope, the complete restoration of the veins of the two ends
of the leafs where they come together can be clearly seen, and there is no
possibility of trickery. Even if someone were to try to glue
the leaf
together while watching what he was doing, it would be impossible to get
the vein patterns to come together so perfectly and smoothly.
The author
believes
that to do this
through
some
sort of trick, the following
conditions would be necessary:
(1),
it would be necessary
to know
(2),
it would be
beforehand what type of leaf was going to be used.
necessary to have some sort of
tools.
(3), There would have to be a
certain amount of time
and space.
Throughout the entire process of the
experiment, none of the conditions for trickery were present. The samples
were chosen at random and there
was a double blind.
The recover of the
leaf was plant cell recovery.
The
entire process
from disordered to
ordered, and it occurred gradually.
This also demonstrates the objective
factors necessary for the transition process.
Under
an electron
microscope, the viewing of successive slides of the tissue at the juncture
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of the leaf demonstrates this process, even though
we are
unclear of the
mechanism
through which of
human paranormal ability restores a broken
leaf.
This will require further
investigation.
However, the revelation
of this fact raises two necessary considerations.
1.
ESP can restore a broken leaf, can it cure wounds or diseases of
the human body? It would seem that it may.
2.
It would be a contribution to medicine to further clarify the
mechanism
of
ESP
cures
and use
this
for
wound recovery and disease
treatment.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Wang Zhongyuan et al, "Human Paranormal Abilities Bulletin", 03 April,
1980.
2.
Qian Xuesen,
"Chinese Society of Somatic
Science Bulletin",m First
Issue (12th overall), 30 April, 1989.
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A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO THE MECHANISM OF "THOUGHT TRANSFERENCE"
BY:
Shao Laisheng, Lu Huihua, Shen Yunhu and Fang Linhu
(Fudan University)
In
the
process
of
"thought
transference" experiments, there must
flash before the frontal lobes of the person sending the messages and the
person
receiving the messages an ESP special "screen"1 in order for
transference to take place.
We took the screen flashing time to be the
sending and receiving time.
We discovered that at close distances (100 to
1000 meters) times for sending and receiving messages were very much the
same.
Both times differed from a few seconds to several minutes. Later
while conducting long range (over 100 kilometers) through transference
experiments, we discovered that the difference between sending
and
receiving times differed by as much as several hours.
This new phenomenon
of "time differential" caused us to do further explorations. This article
introduces in some detail the experiments and the
results.
how
we
It discusses
the process
of
became
aware of
the generation of
"time
differential" and our hypotheses. On this basis, we propose
a hypothesis
for the mechanism of "thought transference" which is related to the memory
storage system of the brain.
THE EXPERIMENT
I.
In the process of
short range
thought transference experiments,
we
determined
the times
the "screen"
appeared
for the sending and
receiving subjects by looking at our watches when they said the screen had
appeared.
There are quite a few subjective factors here, so we need to
change over to using stop watches to record
the sending and receiving
times.
This means we must push the button on the stop watch immediately
when the screen appears to the sender and the receiver in order to reduce
any man made effect.
Table one is a portion of the experimental results.
The experimental
conditions for table one:
The message was composed
of two arabic numerals.
The sending distance was about 100 meters.
There
were seven comrades with ESP abilities who took part in the experiments.
Although we did everything possible to synchronize the stop watches, there
was a time discrepancy
of from ten seconds to more than two minutes.
We
also compared the records of experiments of more
than 100 experiments of
transference from
100 meters
to 10 kilometers.
The time differential
still changed in an unpatterned manner. We did not detect any pattern of
change related to the distance.
Therefore, during
this stage of close
range experiments, our explanation of the
"time differential" is that we
just believe it is generated by subjective influences on the subjects, and
experimental
error
primarily
comes
from
factors
which we could not
control.
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TABLE ONE:
CLOSE RANGE THOUGHT TRANSFERENCE
TIME DIFFERENTIAL OF SCREEN APPEARANCE TO SENDER AND RECEIVER
表 1
近距离思维传感发、收双方屏幕出现的时差
2
3
4
编号
发送者屏幕
出现时间
接收者屏幕
出现时间
时差
1
8'42"
8'52"
10 秒5
2
13'16"
13'33"
17 秒$
3
7'15"
7'56"
41 秒$
4
17'26"
18'42"
16 秒5
5
31'11"
33'21"
2分10秒3
6
9'49"
11'16"
1分 27 秒5
7
27'16"
29'37"
2分 21秒
00
12'21"
13'25"
1分4秒5
9
17'01"
17'32"
31 秒 5
10
17'15"
19'10"
1 分 55 秒り
1.
Test number.
2.
Time
screen appeared to sender.
3.
Time screen
appeared to receiver.
4.
Time differential.
5.
Seconds.
6.
Minutes.
On 18 January of 1990, we were successful in our
first long distance
"thought transference"
experiment
(between
Shanghai
and Changzhou, a
distance of about 200 kilometers).
The results
of the experiment were
completely beyond our expectations.
While eliminating any possibility of
message transfer by any other means, the time differential between the
sender and the receiver
was as much or more than six hours. The results
of this experiment are given below:
It was arranged by the persons
in charge of the experiment at both
terminals that:
At 12:30 PM and 19:00 Pm on 18 January there would be a
thought transference experiment. At 20:00 exactly, the persons in charge
of
the experiment at
both places would
compare the results of the
experiment over long distance
telephone.
At Changzhou at 12:30, the
person in charge of the experiment, Lu Huihua, randomly wrote two messages
to be transferred and gave them to two senders, Ji Meiyun and Yin Yufang.
Ji's message was "Return to Shanghai Saturday afternoon", and Yin's was
"274". Ji's screen appeared at 12:41 and 12:50.
Yin's appeared at 12:42
and 12:53.
In Shanghai, the person in charge of the experiment there was
Shao Laisheng.
Beginning at 12:30, four persons including Pang
Fei began
receiving.
However,
within the alloted
time for the experiment (45
minutes), the screen had not
appeared.
This experiment was called a
failure.
That night, at 19:00 both sides began the experiment again. The
message sent by Ji was "914", and the one sent by Yin was "Did it rain in
Shanghai today"?
However,
the messages received in Shanghai were those
which had been sent from Changzhou at noon, and not those which were sent
that night.
The time of transference between those two places was more
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than six hours.
The next day, another two more
experiments
were
conducted exactly
like the day before (except the messages were different) with exactly the
same results.
Between 23 and 30 January, we conducted four completely successful
thought transference experiments between shanghai and Taixing, and the
time differential was still fairly large. The results of
the experiment
are given in table two.
TABLE TWO :
SHANGHAI TO TAIXING "THOUGHT TRANSFERENCE"
TIME DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN APPEARANCE OF SCREEN TO SENDER AND RECEIVER
表 2 上海至泰兴“思维传感”发、收双方屏幕闪出的时差
实验
日期
2
3
发送者
发送者屏幕4
闪出时间
5
接收者
接收者屏幕 6
闪出时间
时 差
我是庞斐祝你新春快乐
8
庞 1
18:43
黄1
21,35
2 小时 52分
1/23
我是季美芸祝你好运气
季12
18,46
张 13
21:13
2 小时 27分
我是庞斐祝你好运气
庞15
18:45.
印“
21,15
2 小时 30分
1/24
我是季美芸祝你新春快乐
17
季
18:44
肖雪
22,00
.3 小时 16分
900125
20
庞
18,39
21:10'
2 小时 31 分
1/25
2 3
季
18:40
张25
21,22
2 小时 42分
1/26
上海现在正在下毛毛雨
27
庞
18:45
28
印
21:15
2 小时 30分
1.
Date of experiment. 2.
Content of message.
3.
Name of sender.
4.
Time sender's screen appeared. 5. Name of receiver.
6.
Time message
appeared to receiver.
7. Time differential ( in hours and minutes).
8.
"I am Pang Fei wishing you a happy New Year."
9.
Pang.
10. Huang.
11.
"I am Ji Meiyun wishing you good luck".
Pang Fei wishing you good luck."
15. Pang.
16.
Yin.
17.
I
am Ji
Meiyun wishing you
a happy new year"
18.
Ji.
19.
Xiao.
20.
"900125". 21. Pang. 22. Huang.
23.
(tea cup).
24.
Ji.
25.
Zhang.
26. "It is drizzling rain now in Shanghai".
27.
Pang.
28.
Yin.
DISCUSSION
I.
From
a
superficial
view
of
the above long distance thought
transference experiments:
The reason the time differential from Changzhou
to
Shanghai
was
over six
hours
was
because the two experiments were
scheduled six hours apart.
From
Shanghai
to Taixing,
the message was
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12.
Ji.
13.
Zhang.
14.
I am
(茶杯)
=
7
信 息 内 容
FITETT

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likewise not
received in the alloted time, and after more than two hours,
each person
actively
received
one
more time.
Therefore, the "time
differential"
cited
above
is
related
to the interval between two ESP
functional states, and this
time
interval
was
artificially determined.
However, in actuality, there
is a time delay of several hours between
sending and receiving in "thought transference". This is where the basic
nature of the "time differential" lies.
Therefore, we must propose new
explanations, and the new explanations obviously must be tied in with the
question of the mechanism of thought transference.
We believe a possible explanation is:
The "time delay" phenomenon is
related to the storage and memory functions of the brain. This hypothesis
can be tied in with the study of modern psychology and theoretical models
of memory.
In the process of
understanding
this
world,
the
role of
storage and memory are a very important link.
Simply stated, there is
constantly changing information from
our surrounding environment, mainly
through
light
waves
and
sound waves which affect our sensory organs,
transforming physical stimulation energy into
nervous activity.
The
nervous activity is carried to the brain where is generates sensation and
perception.
Furthermore, the
filtered information
is all automatically
stored in
the memory system.
Later, through recollection, it is possible
to retrieve the stored information, and by analyzing and summarizing this
information, man gains a better understanding. We can use similar methods
to illustrate the "time differential" phenomenon of through transference,
which is
also due
to the generation of a memory
storage effect in the
brain.
If the receiver of thought transference goes into an ESP state within
the
alloted
time,
but
the
"screen" does not flash before his temporal
lobes, then it is generally believed that the experiment did
not succeed
(the subject
was affected by physical and psychological internal and
external interference, this is a common occurrence).
However, we cannot
eliminate the possible existence of a certain ESP receptor in addition to
the other ordinary sensory organs of the body, and that
it can
enter ESP
radiated information into the memory storage system of the brain. Later,
the receiver, out of necessity, goes into an ESP state, and can retrieve
the stored ESP message, which reappears on the "screen". Therefore, in
long distance thought transference experiments, due to the memory storage
effect
of the
brain,
the information going from storage to the screen
would allow for the existence of a fairly long time differential.
2.
In order to better explain the above hypothesis, we have used the
following diagram.
Illustration one
supposes that
the differences
between the thought
transference
transmitting
and receiving processes
are
only
in
the
transmission time, and outside information goes through normal information
reception systems (sight, hearing, touch, etc. )
into the brain to be
stored in the memory system.
ESP information carriers go through an ESP
reception system (ESP receptors) and are
entered into the memory storage
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system.
However,
later
information
processing,
up
until the screen
appears,
the process
of
ESP
radiation
generation
is
similar.
In
illustration one,
the
"Screen
effect
generating
system",
the
"ESP
receptors" and the "ESP radiation"
are
all hypothetical.
Even though
their existence cannot be demonstrated by physiological, psychological and
physical experiments, we can list
a
number
of
related experiments to
illustrate that there is a certain objective basis to this chart.
ILLUSTRATION ONE: "THOUGHT TRANSFERENCE" SENDING AND RECEIVING FLOW CHART
=
屏幕效应发生系统
12
9
-
光波
常规信息接收
系统(视觉、听
声波
觉、触觉等)
能量10
阈值
4
特异辐射
特异信息
接收系统
(特异感受器)
能量积贮
(特异入
静阶段)
1
.
图 1 “思维传感”发送和接收过程示意图
.
1.
Light Waves.
2.
Sound waves.
3.
Other sensual stimuli.
4.
ESP
radiation.
5.
Normal
information
6.
ESP
information reception
system (ESP
reception
systems
( such as sight,
hearing, touch,
etc).
receptors).
7.
Brain
memory
storage system.
8.
Screen effect
generation system.
9. Screen flashes.
10.
Energy threshold value.
11.
Energy build up (ESP state). 12.
ESP radiation (ESP signal carriers).
In order to demonstrate
the connection
between thought transference
and the memory storage
system of the brain,
we conducted the following
experiment : When the
thought transference
experiment
just began, the
sender would randomly pull out
a
sample
from
the sample bag and
concentrate on it for thirty seconds. Then the person
in charge of the
experiment would burn the sample on the spot. Then the sender would, as
in our ordinary experiments, after 20 minutes or so, say that the "screen"
had flashed in his head and the time would then be noted. The receiver
100 meters away would, as in our
ordinary experiments, write down the
message content
and the
time the
screen appeared.
This would end the
experiment.
We also conducted some experiments
on hearing storage
effects, and at the
start of the experiment, the person in charge of the
experiment would verbally inform the sender the contents of the message,
and the sender would
transmit it to the receiver at the other end. The
results of this experiment were the same and a portion of the results are
shown in table three.
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屏幕
闪出
特异辐射
(特异信
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TABLE THREE :
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONNECTING THOUGHT
TRANSFERENCE WITH BRAIN MEMORY STORAGE
表 3
思维传感与大脑存储记忆相关的实验结果
编号1
实验方法只
实验开始时间3
发送者屏幕闪出时间Y
接收者屏幕闪出时间5
6信息存储时间1
1
7 视觉2
9:05
9:18
9,30
13分钟
2
7视觉
18:40
19,03
19.05
23 分钟
3
7 视觉
18,40
19,06
19:06
26 分钟
1
5 听觉®
9:05
19,21
9,21
16 分钟
5
● 听觉
18:30
18:45
18,50
15分钟
6
#听觉
18,30
18,43
18,56
13分钟
7
§听觉
18,30
18:41
18,45
11 分钟
00
零 听觉
18:35
18:45
18:51
10 分钟
9
7 视觉
18:30
18,50
18:50
20 分钟
10
フ视觉
18:30
18,46
18:47
16分钟
注:1“视觉”指发送者看完试样,立即烧毁。2“听觉”指实验主持者口传信息给发送者。
3信息储存时间=发送者“屏幕”闪出时间~实验开始时间
1.
Number.
2.
Experiment method.
3.
Time experiment began. 4.
Time
of screen flash for sender.
5.
Time of
screen flash for receiver.
6.
Information storage time. 7.
Sight.
8. Hearing.
Notes:
(1) "Sight" refers to the immediate burning of the message sample
after the sender has read
it.
(2) "Hearing" refers
to
the person
conducting the experiment verbally giving the message to the sender.
(3).
The information storage time
is the
time is
the time from the sender's
"screen" flashed until the experiment began.
We also delayed the storage time in the senders brain, by one or two
days prior to the experiment allowing the subject to memorize the contents
of the message and keep it in his memory until the time he sent it.
The
results were not much different from the other experiments.
The experiments above illustrate the connection between the mechanism
of thought transference and the memory storage system of the brain.
This
is also an important experimental basis
for explaining
the phenomenon of
"time differential".
2.
What is the nature of the
field of "ESP radiation". This is
still not clear, but many researchers
believe that it may be a type of
electromagnetic
field2,3,4.
In a
number
of experiments using modern
instruments
to
measure
ESP
phenomena5,6,7, there is no way not to
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hypothesize
the
existence
of
"ESP
radiation".
In
"Unconventional
Responses in ESP Measurements"8
by
Comrade
Zhu
Nianlin
and others of
Yunnan University, there is a comprehensive discussion of this question to
which the reader may refer.
3.
Is the "screen flash" a necessary condition for the generation of
"ESP
radiation".
To
attempt to answer this question, we designed the
following experiment. According to what the subjects have told us and
what
has
been demonstrated
in
our experiments,
thought transference
sending and reception both require the informational "screen" to flash in
the mind.
Also,
it is necessary for
the receiver to know prior to the
experiment who the sender is ( Although the
reverse is not necessary) in
order for
thought transference to happen.
Now hypothesize that there are
three subjects, A, B, and C in different
locations participating in the
experiment.
A is to send the messages, B is to receive the messages from
A, and C can only receive information from B, so C cannot know beforehand
who A is.
If C is able to receive A's message and there are no problems
with the experiment, then it can show that C is receiving messages from B.
That will mean that whether sender or receiver, if there is the flash of
the "screen" in the mind, there must be radiation generated. We conducted
this experiment over and over with
the conditions as described and the
results were conclusive.
Based on what the subjects told us and
from our deductions of the
experimental phenomena, we believe:
Whether ESP or PK experiments, there
must be a flash of the "screen" in the mind of the subject and that "ESP
radiation" is given off.
This may be a type of universal phenomenon in
ESP.
4.
The hypothesis
of
the
"screen
effect
generation
system" is
primarily based on materials from the article "Indication of ESP Abilities
-
the Screen Effect"1 because after
each
ESP
experiment
is
over, the
subject often states that he feels exhausted, and at times
has a head
ache. It is also possible
from
the materials introduced in [9] that
during ESP recognition of characters and shapes, there were changes in the
pulse, with spontaneous changes is regularity and rate, which is similar
to the changes in the pulse of athletes after great exertion. From the
materials introduced in [10] that during ESP character recognition, there
was an increased blood flow in the brain. Both of these are sufficient to
illustrate that the occurrence of the "screen" requires an energy supply
and the energy is released through the pulse.
This can also explain why
when the test subject does not
feel well
or is
tired, especially female
test subjects during menstruation,
the
success
rate of the tests are
extremely low. At such times they will
often state
"the screen did not
appear", "the screen was very dim" or "the screen was fuzzy". If they are
happy and full of energy during the tests, the experiments often are very
completed quickly with high success rate.
at such times they often reply
"the screen was very bright and clear".
This may be related to the
storage of energy.
£
Therefore, we hypothesize that when someone with ESP
enters an ESP state, he is storing energy.
Once the energy threshold is
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reached,
then
this
will
set
off
the
"screen flash" and release "ESP
radiation".
CONCLUSIONS.
This article discusses
the
"time
differential"
phenomenon which
occurs in the process of thought transference experiments. On this basis,
it proposes the hypothesis of a thought transference mechanism.
We know
that the human body is an open, complex giant system11, and that thought
transference is only one of the human paranormal abilities.
Therefore,
the hypothesis we propose can only be restricted.
However, we hope that
this will draw more attention
and
research
in
the
future
to further
demonstrate this thought experiments.
Comrades Shen Zujia, Gu Yuanzhuang, Zhou Yingqi, Huang Jinggen, Zhu
Yangru participated in the discussion of
this work,
and gave us helpful
opinions.
We express our appreciation
for this.
We also express our
heart felt thanks
to Pang Fei
and
the
other six subjects in these
experiment for their close cooperation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Shao Laisheng and Zhu Yiyi, "ESP Research;", 2 (1989) pp 77.
2.
Qian Xuesen and Chenxin, "ESP Research", 1 (1989), pp 7.
3.
Pan Xianjue, "ESP Research", 3 (1983), pp 103.
4.
Xu Lanxu etal, "ESP Research", 4 (1983), pp 151.
5.
Luo Xin etal, "ESP Research", 1, 2 (1985), pp 13.
6.
Zhao Yongjie etal, "ESP Research", 4 (1983), pp 154.
7.
Zhang Angi etal, "ESP Research", 2 (1983), pp 65.
8.
Zhu Nianlin etal, "ESP Research", 1 (1989), pp 19.
9.
Chai Jianyu "ESP Research", 4 (1983), pp 164.
10.
Li Yongguang etal, "ESP Research", 1 (1984), pp 13.
11.
Chen Xin, "Chinese Journal of Somatic Science", 1 (1990), pp 11.
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A GENERAL SURVEY OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
BY :
Ren Xin
This article
was formed by arranging bits of materials collected in
the process of taking part in ESP research
all over China concerning the
state of similar research in foreign countries. Because there has been no
systematic and objective survey of foreign research, there are many holes
here which are unavoidable.
There will even be some mistakes and perhaps
more than a few.
It will only serve to
allow the reader somewhat
of an
understanding.
This article
is broken
down into
five major
areas, the history of
parapsychology,
research, theoretical
exploration,
the
situation in
several nations doing major research, and primary publications.
THE HISTORY OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY
Foreigners generally lump ESP phenomenon into something they call Psi
phenomenon .
The greek letter Psi is used to represent unknown phenomenon.
The field of study researching these phenomena is called parapsychology.
The
term parapsychology has been around
since
the 1930's, but
research into psi phenomena has been around for much longer. Its roots go
back to
early man. From ancient times, tribal religious leaders, shamans
and fortune tellers have used ESP to predict events, treat ailments and
hypnotize others.
As for examples of this, China's history books have
many such records.
Mister Chen Taoqiu and others have
done research on
this in China.
However,
in
foreign countries
it
is
generally believed
that
1882
parapsychology research
did
not
begin
until
when
England first
established
a
mass
organization
called
the
"Society
for Psychical
Research". The establishment of this
society was
influenced by advances
in research
of hypnosis at that time.
Because at that time hypnosis was
accepted by everyone, and hypnosis
was
another
avenue
of
studying the
subconscious.
Therefore,
the
use of hypnosis to study parapsychology
still exists in parapsychology research
to
this day.
Another major
influence
was
& sect
in
Sweden
which specialized in studying psychic
activities between the living and the dead.
This included studying such
things as
"hauntings".
This psychic research was conducted through a so-
called "spiritual medium".
The living would speak to the dead through the
"medium" (this is similar
to the folk custom in China of "Tiaodashen".
The "medium" was a person with psychic abilities.
Because of the complexity of these phenomena, there was a great deal
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of fraud
and bunco
mixed up
in it, which multiplied the complexity many
times over.
However, after eliminating the shams, there are still quite a
bit
of startling things
here.
In
1976,
a British Physicist Balei
( translator's note:
phonetic ) conducted
a
scientific investigation of
this phenomenon and produced the first scientific report on it.
In 1882
in Cambridge University several students and doctor Duoboli
( translator's note: phonetic) worked to
set up
the world's
first ESP
research society,
the Society for Psychical Research in London.
This may
be called a beginning point for modern ESP research.
This society stated
that
they would
study
any ESP
phenomena which no modern theory could
They also
explain with a scientific attitude of no bias or prejudice.
stated that they would change the state of confusion which existed in the
research of psychic abilities and turn this research work into an orderly
collegiate study.
Not long afterwards, France, Germany and Poland also
established similar
societies.
In 1885,
the
United
States
also
established a society.
During this period the following major work was
done:
(1), a large
amount
of reports describing psi phenomena were
collected from surveys and research, and these were sifted through, and
those which were self contradictory or lacked foundation were eliminated.
(2), A separate study was done on "spiritual
mediums" and several sham
artist "mediums" were exposed. (3), Laboratory research
was conducted on
mental telepathy under controlled conditions. The book entitled "Life and
Fantasy" was published, which proposed that long distance transference of
sensations was possible at will and under experimental conditions.
After the societies were established up until the
outbreak of the
First World War, fraud "mediums"
were
extremely active.
Although the
psychical society subjectively wanted to conduct some scientific studies,
objectively it lacked a
complete
set
of experimental
methods,
so the
quacks and
frauds were everywhere.
People often blame this quackery on
the psychical society.
After the First World War, a number of noted people appeared in this
field
of research.
One
was England's experimental psychologist Maike
Tangna ( translator's
note:
phonetic).
Two others
were
the
Duke
University Zoologists Mister and Misses Rhine.
The Laien couple began the
new method of studying psi phenomena in
the
laboratory in
the United
States in 1927. In order to clearly delineate themselves from the earlier
psychical research, they called their
field
parapsychology.
The Laien
couple also used several new measures in their experimental methods such
as strict statistical methods, double blind method, and
random sampling.
They also
invented a type of testing cards with five symbols called qina
( translator's note: phonetic) cards.
Another was experiments conducted
at the
Leningrad Institute for Brain Research by professors Beihejieliefu
( translator's note: phonetic) and Dulofu on the power of
suggestion on
the activity of dogs.
Later they published a report entitled "Research on
the Affect of Thought on the Activity of Dogs".
In the fall of 1922, a
thought
suggestion
research
committee
was
established
at the
brain
institute.
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Against the background of
this research,
in 1928
the famous French
biologist Luge (translator's note:
phonetic) was the first to establish
an international committee for parapsychological research.
It started out
with 19
members, and by 1935 it had grown to 26.
At the same time, a
parapsychology research center was established
in Paris.
The research
institute
had
a
laboratory equipped with physical and
biological
instruments. Between 1928 and 1938, it primarily
conducted research into
the psychological
and psychological
basis for mental telepathy and power
of suggestion.
From 1941 to 1945, during
the
Second
World
War,
the
Society for
Psychical Research moved from
Europe to New York.
Currently, all five
major continents have parapsychology societies.
For
example there are
such societies in India, Japan, South Africa, Finland and Argentina.
From
16
to
21
August
of
1982,
the international parapsychology
research society celebrated the 100th anniversary of its founding and the
United
States
Parapsychological
Association
celebrated
its
25th
anniversary at a joint annual meeting at Cambridge University.
More than
300 delegates attended the conference, and more than 90 papers were read
there.
The
Chinese Society
for
Somatic
Science (preparatory) sent
professors Chen Xin and Mei Li as delegates to attend this conference.
The conference specially arranged for the Soviet and Chinese to speak (the
Soviet delegate was unable to attend).
The majority of the papers were
printed as a collection of two volumes.
II.
RESEARCH CONTENT
There are
two
popular
definitions
for
parapsychology
in foreign
countries:
(1), "so-called
parapsychology
is
a
type of scientific
research, it is a type of scientific research that studies phenomena which
cannot be explained by other scientific fields."
(2), "Parapsychology is
a branch of science which studies interactions between biological entities
and their
surrounding environment (this environment includes biological
and non biological objects) which actually
exist
but
which
cannot be
detected by known senses or the naked eye."
The latter definition appears
to be closer to that of our researchers.
At the present time, it seems that the
contents of parapsychological
research in foreign countries generally includes the following aspects (it
is said that there are more than 240 experimental labs and associations in
more than 30 counties).
(1).
ESP,
Extrasensory
Perception.
This
refers
to a type of
biological informational
exchange which does
not
pass
through normal
sensory channels.
It includes mental telepathy, X-ray vision, paranormal
vision and precognition.
(2). PK, Psychokinesis.
This refers to a biological entity using a
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type
of
paranormal
force
to
alter the state (mechanical, physical or
chemical) or nature of objects in the outside world.
(3).
£
Residual entity phenomenon.
The so-called
residual entity
refers to
after a biological entity has died or at least when it has just
died, something that can exist away from the flesh.
Specific research is
in the
three following aspects. (1). Research into reincarnation.
This
is that after death, there is a residual entity that
totally or partially
attaches itself to another person and is thus reborn.
(2). Phantasm
research.
For example seeing a
person or object which
is not
there or
which has already died.
(3).
Research into spiritual
mediums.
This
aspect is relatively complicated, and
there
are a
number
of spiritual
mediums which
have a certain amount
of ESP, and some are shams taking
advantage of the superstitious.
(4). Out of Body Experience.
This
is research into experiences of
leaving the corporeal body. It refers to the unique experience of someone
leaving his corporeal body and
existing
in a certain place in space
(similar to the "floating spirit" in QIGONG).
5.
Other research.
This
includes hypnosis, power of suggestion,
QIGONG and Yoga, human radiation fields,
ESP treatment of ailments, and
networks.
Most of the research in China is concentrated in items (1), (2)
and (5).
China's research
has
its
own
special character,
such as
"recognizing
characters
with
the
ears",
"breaking
through
spacial
barriers", "inducement training", and "the connection
between
ESP and
QIGONG".
They all have their own unique aspects.
Known successes in foreign countries at the present time are:
(1).
ESP
research
has primarily been concentrated
on
ESP
information channels, introducing the concepts of information theory and
the theories of communications.
Major discoveries include feedback may
restrict the attenuation effect;
dream visitation, preliminary testing of
brain induced potential in mental telepathy; and stimulation in a waking
state to enhance the large field of view used in long range vision.
There
have been certain advances in mental telepathy.
(2).
In Psychokinesis
there has been a great deal of research, and
many methods have been used.
As for
laboratory research, there is the
high energy high level voltage effect
labs, and there is low level mass
inducing
micro
PK
voltage effect.
These
include
experiments in
macroscopic
effects
and microscopic
effects.
For
example marble
distribution patterns and seemingly gaussian distribution.
Here, thoughts
are used
to alter the gaussian
distribution pattern of falling marbles.
This is macroscopic. The use of thought power to alter light interference
patterns,
heat sensitive resistance
values,
and
atomic decay are all
experiments in generating microscopic
effects.
In applied experimental
equipment, it is currently believed that
the best
is the random number
generator invented by Schmidt. This invention can be used for research in
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microscopic PK phenomena.
Some also use Strontium 90 random beta decay as
a noise generator, to observe the effects of PK
on
it.
It
has been
discovered that there are low levels of PK effects, which indicates that
human ESP can affect the atomic processes in the microscopic world.
Quite
a bit of work has been done on PK and human radiation using persons with
strong ESP powers.
(3).
The
relationship between the subject and the researcher,
including the
sheep - goat effect which is generally accepted. There has
been experiments on ESP and intelligence,
sex and
psychological state of
the subject.
(4).
There
has
been
some
progress in residual entity research.
There have been large amounts of investigative reports on interviews with
persons who were clinically dead and brought back to life.
III.
THEORETICAL EXPLORATION
There have been explorations in many different areas of theory.
The
general trend is from the earlier "field" theory
toward quantum mechanics
and non physics nervous system theory.
1.
Transmission theory.
Because of the existence of such phenomena as mental telepathy, it is
very natural
to imagine
a type of physical
transmission process exists
between brains.
(1).
Electromagnetic
wave
transmission.
In
1929, Hans Berger
measured a rhythmical current emanating
from
the
center
of
the brain,
demonstrating that there was a certain electrical process in the cortex of
the brain.
Accompanying this, the human brain could emit a type of signal
carrying electromagnetic waves which could be received and the information
translated by someone else's brain, which would be one possible mechanism
of mental
telepathy.
In 1940, Hoffman added more to this. He believed
that the intensity of the electromagnetic wave was inversely proportional
to the square of the distance, but the intensity of the information did
not weaken over distance, but
it
was
even possible to have automatic
volume control
like on a radio,
allowing the signal to be intensified,
reducing the weakening effect of distance.
Soviet biologist Waxiliyefu ( translator's note:
phonetic) also held
this
to
type
of
theory.
Another soviet scholar, Kogen, believed that
mental telepathy was
carried
on
super
long wavelength electromagnetic
waves stimulated by biological electrical currents.
(2). Particle transmission.
Some people believe that it is the neutrino that act as the carriers.
However, neutrino have too little effective surface, and do not seem to be
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a likely candidate.
Leningrad Physicist Xingxun (Translator's note: phonetic) and others
have pointed out that it could possibly be carried by particles travelling
faster than the speed of light. This is only speculation.
(3). Psychic energy and the theory of harmonics.
In 1940 Boge (translator's note: phonetic) proposed a certain theory,
that the brain cortex could transform a new energy state - psychic energy.
It
could travel like waves
to carry over long distances and not be
affected by obstacles. When it
reached another brain, it could also be
transformed into physical energy
and cause changes in the brain, and be
used to explain mental telepathy.
In 1960, N., Marshall added to this, proposing the harmonic theory.
He believed that there was a harmonic effect between two "structurally
similar" brains.
They would effect each other
to a greater degree, and
mental telepathy was harmonics between brains.
Soviet Yiliuxing (Translator's note: phonetic) in 1970 proposed the
effect of "bioplasma", believing
that bioplasma was the fourth state of
matter and
could
be captured
by using the Jili'an (Translator's note:
phonetic) photography. The transmission theories above can only help to
explain mental
telepathy and cannot explain ESP, because it is difficult
to imagine that objects can generate transmission matter like the human
brain.
(4). "Physical" field theory.
In 1956, Wassermann proposed a theory which could be used to explain
several biological, psychological and parapsychological phenomena.
He
hypothesized three fields:
B field:
a field related to nervous activity.
P Field:
a field connected to the matter of the object.
Psi
field:
The corresponding quantum of this field is extremely
small, smaller than a photon, so it cannot be absorbed by ordinary matter
and can
carry long distances.
In mental telepathy, the senders B field
stimulates the Psi field in space, which then stimulates the receivers B
field.
In the ESP process,
the P field stimulates the Psi field, which
then stimulates the receivers B field. However,
the problem is do these
fields really exist.
This is very difficult to prove.
In addition, there are also those who propose the existence of
Psitrons, which when viewed from
wave
particle duality, are not much
different from the field theory.
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2.
Quantum theory:
In the seventies, Walker
proposed a theory which he used to explain
ESP and PK.
This theory was basically the hidden parameter theory of
quantum mechanics.
Walker believed that: "Quantum mechanics believes that
any physical body such as the brain (as a physical object), due to the
movement and
interaction of
the particles of which it is composed, will
change over time. From a definite form it will change to several latent
states.
As for what latent state will actually become a visible physical
reality state, that is not determined by the restriction of physics.
The
a
system such
as the human brain are random.
Because
changes
in
observation (this is the physicist's word)
is
the determinant
of the
hidden parameter C1 (consciousness) value, it allows the state loss to be
reduced a single component state.
Many different latent states become the
single physical state of
the human brain.
This type of process proceeds
continuously at such a high speed, it
is
like
an unbroken stream of
consciousness."
We
can
see
from
this
that Walker's primary idea is
consciousness or thought playing the hidden parameter role. However, here
consciousness and
thought
are
not
philosophical concepts, but are the
physical process they follow.
He
further believed
that: "thought" not
only is
able
to
influences
changes
in the brain itself, but can also
effect changes in the outside world. The human brain is connected to the
outside world
through its
sensory input to form one even larger physical
body. The foundation of Walker's quantum theory consciousness theory is
optical system photoelectrically transmitted synaptic energy transmission
theory and synaptic anatomy structure as well as molecular informational
storage.
He has two hypotheses:
(1), consciousness is a non physical
reality.
(2), the physical world is connected to consciousness through a
certain physical basis. Naturally this type of theory is fairly crude.
3.
Space time topology theory.
Back
in
the
thirties,
Einstein and
Rosen
studied
in
detail
Schwarzschilds explanation, to clarify
the geometric
structure of
a non
rotating black hole, obtaining the graph of the so-called worm hole which
connected two universes or two space time regions of the same universe.
If the space time topology structurally has worm holes, it could provide a
possible model for Mental telepathy and PK.
In 1972, Schmeidler proposed that ESP could cause time and space to
bend, forming
tunnels.
She believes that: "There is another dimension to
ESP or PK effects.
This
dimension could produce topology overlaps, and
thus could cause
two regions separated
at the center of Einstein's
universe to
come together"
"ESP
targets are an informational pattern
which symbolizes object".
This type of pattern is transmitted in another
dimension.
Between 1973 and 1974, Gammoner and McCully directly adopted the worm hole
concept of geometric mechanics, feeling that the wormhole was a tunnel.
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4.
The formative causation hypothesis.
In
1981,
doctor
Rupert
Sheldrake
of Claire College of Cambridge
University published in England a book titled "A New Science of Life, the
Hypothesis
of
Formative Causation"
in which
he reached the following
conclusion: Heredity may be generated by certain
factors outside of the
biological entity.
The author proposed a brand new unique theory toward
how the formation of living organisms and their
development and behavior
are determined.
He believes that the form, behavior and such of a living
entity are determined by a type of morphogenetic field which
is not yet
accepted by the
natural
sciences.
This type of field
is neither
electromagnetic nor is it gravitational.
If they exist, they should have
a new
natural law.
When
an entity develops, there are several possible
directions. The effect of the morphogenetic field
£
causes
the entity to
develop
toward a specific direction.
The genetic
character is not
completely determined by genes, they are
influenced by the morphogenetic
field.
After this book was published, it caused quite a stir in the field of
physics. Some people felt that
this was
abandoning modern science, and
other people felt his work was thoroughly thought out and was innovative.
When the annual meeting of the United States Parapsychology Conference and
International Psychic
Phenomenon
Research
Association was held in
Cambridge University in 1982, the author introduced this theory, and there
was a
great reaction
from those attending.
It was seen as a promising
hypothesis to explain ESP.
5.
Wholeness and Implicate Order.
In 1980 physics professor David Bohm
of London
University came out
with a book entitled "Wholeness and Implicate Order".
This book's primary
point was that the entire universe is a single entity,
and everything was
viewed from this point. Modern science has destroyed the integral theory.
Bohm feels that modern so-called molecules, atoms, and primary particles
are all temporary manifestation within the universe, and are not real.
Therefore, Bohm feels that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in
quantum mechanics only refers to surface phenomena.
There is another even
deeper layer of things which he calls the implicate order. It is this
deeper layer that influences
the upper layer.
The size of the primary
particles
are
If
10-15cm.
we
hypothesize the combination of quantum
mechanics and gravitational fields, there is another extreme measurement,
10-84cm.
With
such dimensions,
the entire time space leaps extremely
quickly, and
is not at rest but is a type
of chaotic
very many rapid
changes .
If there
were a
theory of determination underlying such small
dimensions, it is Bohm's implicate order.
In this manner, the uncertainty
principle in quantum mechanics
can
be explained. Furthermore, in the
overall movement on such
a small
scale
there
is no
light or
electromagnetic wave, not even the limitation of the speed of light.
Bohm
himself said at a news conference: "I have not yet completely established
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this
theory.
Once
it is established, such parapsychological phenomena
such as ESP and
PK can
be explained and there will be
nothing strange
about them.
In summation, there are
a few more foreign hypotheses and theories
about ESP, such as multidimensional space and so on.
However, there has
not yet been one satisfactory theory
which everyone can accept, so they
are still groping one step at a time.
IV. AN INTRODUCTION TO A FEW PRIMARY RESEARCHING NATIONS
1.
THE UNITED STATES
It is generally believed
that
modern
research
in parapsychology,
experimental research began with the American Joseph Banks Rhine.
He was
the founder of the Parapsychology Research Lab at Duke University.
Later
he served as an advisor.
Rhine used the terms ESP and PK. He also a
group of 25 cards, with each card containing one of five symbols
- cross,
star, circle, square or three parallel lines for ESP experiments.
In this
manner, the success rate of ESP subjects could be calculated.
In 1957, the United
States
established
a
Parapsychology Society.
This is an international
academic group.
In 1969 that society became a
branch of the United States Committee for the
Promotion of
Science. Now
many universities have courses in ESP.
Several universities have also set
up masters and doctorate programs.
This association formally participated
in academic activities
of
the
Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers of the United States from 1976 to 1977.
In the United States there are seven research centers. One of these,
the Stanford
Research work is also supported by such organizations as the
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the United
States
Navy.
It
is currently exploring the possibility of practical
applications.
Esalen Research Institute in California is using QIGONG and
ESP technology
in research, education and medical treatment. It has used
computers to collect weekly
from 7,500 magazines from around the world
research
centered
around
tapping
and utilizing human potential. The
contents involve dozens of
fields including
consciousness, mind control,
self
training, hypnosis, physical education, quiet state, relaxation,
yoga,
Buddhism, ESP, biofeedback,
acupuncture, and longevity.
They
believe that
research into developing human potential is more important
and has more practical
significance
than selective engineering.
They
raise
the example of the
success
in anti cancer research, which has
demonstrated the significance of human potential
research in medical and
longevity research as well as manned space flight.
In 1981, in the 57th issue of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science (AAAS) publication, there
was
a
research report
from Stanford Institute on the effect of consciousness in the material
world. It reported the results of remote
viewing abilities conducted by
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that institute
between 1972
and 1979.
Stanford Institute is one of the
United States
larger research
centers
with
1,500
researchers
at the
professorial level and 1,300 researchers, engineers and technicians below
the professorial
level.
The
scope
of
research
involves physics,
electronics, space technology, agricultural science, economic development
and industrial economics,
international development, defense analysis,
emergency response and naval combat.
That institute publishes reports of
success in general research annually, but
secret military
and industrial
research is not published.
That
institute
has
a
laboratory
especially for doing research in
remote
viewing capabilities
which
strictly
studies
remote viewing
phenomena.
The
subjects
can
also
sense
sounds,
odors and even the
existence of
electromagnetic
fields
as well
as
describing from long
colors and activity at the target site.
hundred experiments by this institute
with the following successes.
Persons with remote sensing capabilities
can obtain information concerning the target site from someone he knows at
the target site.
The longest distance has been 1,000 kilometers (sic)
internationally (Chicago to Moscow). They can describe the shape, color,
material and
at times even describe the sounds, odors and electromagnetic
fields
with
a degree of accuracy of up
discrimination has been up
to one millimeter.
Spacial remote viewing
the Apollo
14.
Astronaut Mitchell
to
two
thirds.
Spacial
experiments were also conducted on
conducted this experiment.
He himself is an avid follower of ESP and he
has worked closely with Stanford. We have learned that they are going to
conduct
two
more
studies.
One
is to study the astronauts ability to
predict
man
and
machine
systems and
the
other
is predicting earth
resources.
In addition
to this,
the United States Society of Parapsychology is
conducting research in the following areas.
(1).
The collection of typical reports.
These reports are carefully
studies.
The society
also has
conducted research reports on "spirits"
while investigating phantasm.
In these controversial reports, phantasm
occurs during a waking
state about ten percent of the time. Most of the
reported spirits appear during the same day a person who has died has been
"seen" .
(2).
The
other
aspect
is
investigating psychics
or spiritual
mediums.
Certain people
claim the
spirits place certain conditions on
their activities
such as a spirit
guide.
The most unforgettable was a
"spiritual witch" who claimed
to be able to communicate with
the dead.
When she was in a spiritual trance she did fully automatic writing which
could accurately describe persons and events of which she could have no
knowledge during normal times.
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2.
THE SOVIET UNION.
From the twenties Professor Waxileyefu (translator's note: phonetic)
has conducted research in Leningrad on mental telepathy and precognition.
Karensiji
( translator's
note:
phonetic ) has
also conducted similar
research in
Wukelan (phonetic).
At the same time, at the Leningrad Brain
Institute experiments have been
conducted on the power of suggestion of
man on dogs.
In the fall of 1922, a power suggestion committee was formed
at
the
brain
research.
Those
joining
included psychologists,
physiologists, physicists,
hypnosis doctors and philosophers.
There they
conducted
experiments
on
the
human psychological
effects
of thought
suggestion and magnetic fields.
In 1923, an engineer Karensiji (phonetic)
a book entitled
"The Transmission of
joined this work and published
Thought".
In 1924 at the second All-Russia Conference on Psychology and
Neurology a report was presented on this topic. At the 1926 conference a
report was presented on "Long Distance Transmission of Thought" and two
reports were
given
on the biological
and
physical basis of thought
transference.
The
Soviet
Union
has
not
formally joined
associations
or
These
organizations
of
parapsychologists.
enthusiasts
who
conduct
research on
these phenomena
at times
are absorbed
into the branches of
other scientific and technical associations.
In
1965
it
organized a
biological
information
branch directly
under
Moscow's A.C.
Bobofu
(phonetic) Radio Engineering and Electrical Communications Scientific and
Technical Board of Directors.
This branch's primary subject of research
was thought transference.
In 1967 it
organized
a
Technical
Engineering
ESP
and Biological
Awareness
Branch directly
subordinate
to
the Instrument Manufacturing
Industry Science and Technology
Association Central
Board of Directors.
the
Within
the
scope of
this association,
in 1968 and 1971, it conducted
symposiums on
the promotion
of science
and
technology on biophysics
effects.
In 1971, it elected committees composed
of
various
departments to coordinate work on
the question
of biophysics effects.
There were also other teams and individuals working in various enterprises
and scientific research agencies.
They conducted research
during their
work or during their spare time on parapsychology effects.
In other
cities, research continued not stop on "skin vision" (also
called the Losha Kulieshawa
(phonetic) effect.
After going through the
results of
numerous tests,
the Soviet scientists unanimously recognized
that the "skin vision" phenomenon actually existed.
They also recognized
it demanded serious research, but as for exactly what the mechanism was,
there was at the present time no way to reach a clear conclusion.
Westerners estimate that the Soviet Union has
two methods of
research.
One is high quality, systematic research which is officially
approved.
This is well funded and well organized (in the seventies, when
a psychic from the Soviet Union defected to the United States, he provided
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information on
this).
There are also a number of
"non official" labs
which
are
allowed to conduct ordinary
research
which give the false
impression
of "poor quality operations".
It
seems
that operations
approved by the government are those which the results will be used in the
military or secret police and are classified. The laboratories themselves
are camouflaged, and may be subordinate to other organizations (such as a
portion of military research labs or ESP hospitals). . It
is difficult to
see through the camouflage, because Parapsychology experiments do not have
special requirements for electric power, material supply or experimental
equipment.
The researchers may include psychologists, biologists,
physicists, electrical engineers, educators, technicians and persons with
ESP.
From published
unclassified articles
(almost one thousand scattered
among various magazines) the impression is:
(1). A great deal of
work has been done on signal
extraction and
calculation and on information theory in order to approach the biophysics
signal transmission mechanism proposed by the Soviets.
(2). A great deal of reliable work has been done concerning static
electricity in PK. There are indications that their work has switched to
parapsychology of phenomena.
(3).
They have monitored and measured long range control of
biological indexes and have developed one or two new types of instruments.
This type of instruments
can hypnotize or induce certain desired
biological rhythms to appear.
(4).
Further
research is being conducted in using parapsychology
training
methods
(similar
to
biofeedback)
to
control
biophysics
information transmission mechanisms.
(5).
They have studied
many
methods of
differing degree
of
stimulation in parapsychology as a method to create
changes in biological
rhythms or states of consciousness.
(6). They have studied life auras.
In the applied aspects, the Soviets have also explored the following:
(1).
Use of divining rods to find ores.
(2).
Thought transfer from
Moscow
to
Siberia
and
from
land to
submarines.
(3).
ESP treatment
of ailments, most influential
were reports of
Zhuna (phonetic) diagnosing the ailment of Bolieriniefu (phonetic).
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(4).
The U. S. paper, the Washington Post, has revealed
that the two
super powers
the United States and the Soviet Union are studying the use
of
ESP to influence enemy leaders, to force the leaders to make blunders
or to
sign at
the negotiation table without due consideration. They are
also studying the use of ESP to interfere with electronic equipment in the
enemy's military
strategic control
system to cause them to malfunction,
lose control or turn on themselves and self destruct.
3.
JAPAN :
In June of 1976,
the Japanese PSI Science Association was formed.
The director
is doctor of engineering Guan Yingnan (phonetic) who is more
than 80 years old.
The Psi Science Association "Study Book for Members"
mentions parapsychology and science of
the mind are both part of Psi
science and are viewed as scientific phenomena. Psi science
is a science
which will lead the people of the world into a new era.
In the past
certain phenomena have been viewed as superstition such as thought power,
X-ray vision, mental telepathy, the spirit world, spirits, gods, spirit
phenomena, precognition, forecasting, yoga and meditation
are believed by
the Psi Association as things that should be studied.
This association currently
has
800
members.
The association is
divided up into three groups, A, B, and C.
The A
group has about 300
members.
It
is primarily responsible for receiving research reports,
publications.
Most of its members are college professors or instructors.
The B group is
students.
The C group are avid fans. This association
publishes a collection of papers called "Psi Science" which comes out once
a
year.
There
is
also
a
"Psi
Science" magazine which is published
monthly.
Research activities, from the viewpoint of the society are scattered.
It is
conducted voluntarily in spare time.
In addition to proposing some
hypothetical theories on parapsychological
phenomena, they also do some
observation of ESP and research into observation methods, physical nature,
force fields and energy.
They also do some observation of brain waves.
From
looking
at
the
association's publications,
the
following
research is conducted:
1.
A
"sensing"
instrument
invented by Zhengmu Hesan (phonetic).
Actually it is merely a magnet hanging on a fine thread. Iron filings are
spread all
over the
top of a table, and then the formation of the iron
filings in following the direction of movement of the magnet
can evaluate
a person's ESP abilities, especial remote viewing abilities.
(2).
Pyramid effect
with commercial possibilities.
Make a pyramid
out of card board, and inside
there
is a special
effect
of "reduced
entropy".
3.
Alpha wave chart effect.
This is 40 windings of enameled wire
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with a diameter of 200 mm with the N terminal toward the body connected to
a four
to 20 hertz pulse generator.
At eight to 12 hertz it can treat
ailments, improve memory, creativity and induce ESP.
If a
QIGONG master
puts on
this coil, he can release external QI without any loss of energy.
4.
Auragas.
In the early morning hold the
left hand up toward the
sun for
20 minutes,
and in 200 days it will product Auragas. It is said
that after doing this, five or six people developed the
ability to tell
the future.
In general,
the experiments are only at the general level.
However,
what cannot be ignored is that the prime minister has mentioned that the
new research plan for somatic science research is preparing for investing
50 billion U. S. dollars for research.
Details of this plan may have to do
with ESP.
V.
MAJOR PUBLICATIONS.
1.
GENERAL
Parapsychology research
publications are
sold in various countries.
These magazines are generally distributed as follow:
United States:
Over five types
England :
Five
Italy:
Six
France:
Two
Holland :
One
Japan :
Two or more
In addition, various scientific
publishers publish
large amounts of
special topic books and summaries of conferences and symposiums.
Materials concerning parapsycholog are widely published in Life, Look
and Star magazines.
At times
prestigious magazines
such as
Science and
Nature also publish them.
Although
the
Soviet
Union does not have a special magazine, such
magazines as "Technology and Youth", Young Archaeologists" and "knowledge
and Strength" have published 500 such articles between 1963 and 1973.
2.
Major Magazines and Books.
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[1].
papers.
JOURNAL
OF
THE
SOCIETY
FOR PSYCHIC RESEARCH, more than 70
[2].
JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY, more than 60.
[3].
JOURNAL OF
THE AMERICAN
SOCIETY FOR
PSYCHICAL RESEARCH, more
than 80.
[4].
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, more than 40.
[5].
PARAPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW, almost 20.
[6].
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY.
[7].
JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING.
[8].
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF PERCEPTION.
[9].
PSI RESEARCH.
[10].
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY.
[11].
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THE PSI ASSOCIATION
[12].
JOURNAL OF INDIAN PSYCHOLOGY.
[13].
PARAPSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF SOUTH AFRICA.
[14].
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNO-THERAPY.
[15].
PSIKOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL.
[16].
RASSEGNA ITALIANA DI RICERCA PSICHICA.
[17].
NEW IDEAL IS PSYCHOLOGY.
[18].
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH.
[19].
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY.
[20].
ANABIOSIS.
[21].
PERCEPTION.
[22].
SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION.
[23].
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH.
In summary,
there are a great
many publications
in this area, and
from what we have learned, almost one hundred books were published in 1976
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in the United States alone.
Even though China's somatic
science
has from the beginning taken
Marxism - Leninism
and
the thought of Mao Zedong
as
its
guide and
maintained dialectical materialism, and is on a much higher footing than
foreign
countries,
and is clearly different
in certain
scopes
of
researches, especially some which are tainted with idealism and mysticism,
but in certain specific experiment design and the crooked paths
they have
taken and lessons they have learned can be used to guide us. And we can
take these into consideration in our work.
We hope that in
the future
there
will be
someone who will do the special task of studying what
foreign countries are doing in this field. At that
time a more detailed
introduction will be possible, and from this standpoint, I hope that this
article will attract more people to do this.
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SOVIET STUDY OF HUMAN SUPER PERCEPTION (CONTINUED)
TRANSLATED BY: Li Huang
Extracted from
the speaking
notes of
visiting researcher Doctor of
physics Liemianqinke (phonetic).
"The scope of our research may best be
said
to be radio thermal
detection technology, which is the measurement of the internal temperature
of the various organs through radio radiation.
We
know
that
a heat
generating body gives off a wide
spectrum of electromagnetic waves, and
living organisms give off most
of
their
radiation
within
the infrared
spectrum
range .
However, within
this
wave
spectrum
there are also
secondary
lower
frequencies (also called secondary
long
waves) as
components.
The include
radio waves.
Actually, only these radio waves
are able to actually indicate the internal temperature of the organ. This
is because
this type of radiated
wave can pass through our bodies. The
intensity
of radio
waves
can
fairly accurately record and display
temperatures at a depth inside the body of five to six centimeters from
the surface or at close range, and the nature of a change in temperature
at any
internal organ or any
location inside an organ
can indicate an
internal ailment.
What is a radio thermometer?
From the overall external shape, it is a small antenna and a highly
sensitive receiver.
The information it receives is immediately sent to a
computer where
it
is processed.
I
should
point out that the
electromagnetic
waves
it receives
are
very
complex and impossible to
analyze manually.
Therefore, the antenna is not
even called an antenna,
but is called a radiation receiver.
Then, what frequency range of radio waves do you measure?
Within the centimeter range, specifically at 1, 2 and 3 gigahertz
corresponding in space to wave lengths of 30, 15 and 10 centimeters.
In
human
tissue
organs capacitance
is
higher than in space,
SO
the
wavelengths are markedly shorter, about 5, 2.5 and 1 centimeter.
This is several thousand times longer that infrared waves, that is to
say,
when you
are
operating within the ultra high frequency radiation
range you must also record very weak radio signals.
Actually they are extremely weak. This is ten magnitudes (about ten
billion
times less) less than skin infrared radiation.
Actually, the
radio radiation we have ben able to record is between ten to
the power of
minus twelve and ten to the power of minus sixteen volts, corresponding to
a temperature change of from 0.1 to 0.3 degrees.
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It
would
seem
that
it
would
require
the
manufacturing
of
an
instrument with extremely high sensitivity.
Fortunately,
this
has
already been successfully manufactured.
We
already are using a highly sensitive receiver.
This type of instrument is
also used in radiation
radioastronomy, because they also need to receive
and record extremely weak
radio
signal.
Research into radio thermal
radiation
of
organisms
first
began
in
Gorky City's Radio Physics
Institute. This research was lead by the famous astrophysicist and member
of
the
Soviet Academy
of Science
Communications Academy, Teluoyizije
(phonetic). This
research
group
is
still
foremost
in
the
field of
radiation surveying.
You said that
it
required
three
frequency spectrums to conduct
measurement, do you mean to say that it is not enough to use just one.
By comparing the changes of several
frequencies, we can accurately
determine at what depth and at
what level the measured temperature is.
Then, the lower the frequency ( longer the
wave
length)
the deeper the
location
we can
the
measure
radio
radiation.
For
example,
at a
temperature of two gigahertz, it is possible to measure all radiation at a
depth
of 2.5 centimeters below
the
skin.
If the frequency were one
gigahertz, then we could measure at a depth of five centimeters below the
skin.
If we subtracted the results of the first
measurement from the
results of the second measurement,
of
course this
is very complicated
(with a computer it is much faster), then we could obtain the power of the
radio radiation, that is to say we could measure the temperature between
2.5
and
five centimeters
below
the
a
multidirectional ( curved surface) antenna
is used,
one frequency can be
skin.
In principle,
if
used to change the depth measured.
Naturally, in the conditions in
reality are much more complex that we are
discussing here.
But just as
everyone has said, the important thing is the results, and we have already
successfully accurately measured any thermal layer we wanted using the
centimeter range.
Then if you have solved the problem of
the level of testing, what
level of discrimination of the measurement point have you reached?
This depends on the wave length and the characteristics of
the curve
of
the
antenna.
In actuality we can successfully measure changes in
temperature in the three
to 14
centimeter testing range.
This is very
useful, for example in the kidney it is possible to discriminate a number
of different temperature zones. In the past, biologists and doctors did
not have
this capability, and they wanted to discriminate, the only thing
they could do was to use surgical methods and insert a probe, and these
methods often resulted in objections from the patients or were impossible
to accomplish.
Has radio temperature measurement been put to practical use?
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We can say that
we have
already seen
the future
for applications.
What we are doing now can be considered to be the first step. For example
we have already conducted preliminary research
in
the
dynamics of the
temperature changes within
the abdominal cavity.
We have also done
research on the periodic
changes of temperatures deep
within the brain.
We have discovered that there are
interesting characteristics to sleep,
such as undulating temperature shifts which occur during deep sleep which
are
extremely close
to
that
of
a
sine wave.
During sleep, the deep
one degree
lower.
However, when
dreaming,
the
portions of the brain averages almost
temperature
rises
again.
At times it even reaches the
temperature of the waking state.
When someone
is wakened, it takes some
time for the temperature
level to reach that of a waking state.
During
normal sleep, we have not
been able to
observe
any marked difference
the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
In hypnosis induced sleep, the temperature of the right side of the brain
between the temperatures of
is almost
one degree higher. In summary, the changes in the temperatures
further study.
At the
within the brain are very complex and require
present time,
we are working together with the biologists at the Railway
Health and Sanitation Research Institute to develop research
work.
They
are
conducting research
on the states of engineers and drivers and
come up against an
controllers, or that is to say people who could
Some people can go to sleep without being aware of
accident at
any time.
it.
When this happens to a driver, there is no way to avoid a nasty
accident.
By detecting that the brain is about to enter a sleeping state,
it will
be possible to
take
steps to prevent it, and
using radio
temperature
measurement
instruments
may
be
able to take these
measurements.
In
addition,
we
are
also jointly conducting hypnosis
experiments with
the Soviet
Ministry of Health's Psychological Treatment
Center.
As for one person
using
radio
radiation
to
cause
a
reaction on
another person, have you considered this?
Our bodies' radio radiation is too weak to have a therapeutic effect,
it must be magnified hundreds of millions of times in
order to
achieve a
level where someone can sense it.
The following
were further
extracted from several magazine articles
at that time.
"Do you need some facts which have been
tested?
It is
a radiation
phenomenon unique to living organisms - the Jilian (phonetic) effect.
Why
do you not consider this to be a biological field?
You need not use this effect to create confusion.
This is
a type of
chemical
material
luminescence
phenomenon
of
biological
activity
manifested on the skin. It can also be manifested on green leaves or even
that table top where leaves have been placed."
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"The primary
source of
pseudo science is insufficient knowledge and
ignorance. The authors
of
pseudo
science articles may
be completely
ignorant or may be a specialist
doing something in another field about
which he is completely ignorant.
Within the ranks of pseudoscience one
can
come
across
a
wide range
of things, and people with this type of
psychological attitude,
from confident
dreamers
to
sham artists and
frauds."
"You are a lily
said the
hypnotist to his subject, pointing to a
flower sitting on the
table.
The girl
who was
the subject nodded her
head,
she believed
the
change
had
began to undulate excitedly.
and
recordings, one could see the flowers
taken
place. From the instrument
the flower
he had pointed at which the subject saw as herself began to
shake even more. On the display
screen,
that
lily
oscilloscope wave
oscillated strongly, as if there were a gale."
"How can you believe in these ignorant super sensitives?"
I feel that they may be able to offer something.
"They probably
cannot supply
a little
warmth, but even this little
warmth, if it is used indiscriminately, could cause harm."
"Did you hear that they have
discovered a physical field which can
see into the human body. This is really a revolution in medicine!"
It is
an interesting
ability, but why is it so mysterious?
Look at
what has happened in other fields
such
as
the gene splicing
in DNA,
layered X-ray photography can look at "layers" of any organ.
And look at
the research in cancer immunology and the mathematical model of the heart.
Then, you say a physical field has the ability to see through the body, is
this not just a small portion after all?"
"We should unlock the
mysteries
of
the
crystal
biological field,
especially
the mysteries
of
the
crystal
biological
field which have
therapeutic effects."
"A
lot
of you
readers
probably
remember
that
Zhuna (phonetic)
admitted not
long ago that she did not have any special powers, but when
she was treating diseases she
used
skin contact massage
and massage
maintaining
8
certain
distance.
It
was
only when
it
was used in
combination with other treatment methods that it had any effect."
There
is
a
principle widely
used in philosophy to alter
our
understanding,
like
toward
such
phenomena as remote
viewing
and
psychokineses, it works if you believe, if you do not believe, it does not
work.
It is of no practical significance in the natural world."
In scientific
research including
biology, for many years they have
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been using remote sensing
thermometers
which
can measure
the surface
temperature of an object.
It
is a kind of infrared radiation receiving
apparatus.
In recent years
these types of remote sensing thermometers
have been highly perfected.
Especially with the appearance of thermal
imaging equipment which can directly display a picture
on a
screen using
different colors to represent different temperatures with a temperature
detection sensitivity of 0.1 to 0.2 degrees. In principle, thermal vision
imaging effects have a lot in common with
television.
There are also
frequency sweep type temperature images which similarly are picture after
picture which
appear on a fluorescent screen (at a rate of about 25 per
second) to form a stable continuously displayed image.
From this it is
possible to see the dynamics of the process of temperature changes, and
supply high quality new information, and they contain no errors.
Wasn't this type of equipment manufactured in the past?
Do not be surprised, although the technology itself
is no obstacle,
it was
not manufactured.
Thermal imaging systems
work like this.
The
thermal image signal is also one picture after
the other
entered into a
computer's memory equipment, and
then transmitted out from the memory
storage equipment at the required frequency.
It forms a picture of the
process of
temperature change.
Also, another processing
method can be
used to display the blood flow in the blood vessels below the skin.
This
achievement immediately attracted an extremely great interest from people
from oral surgeons
to neurosurgeons,
because the surface blood flow
carries a great deal of information concerning the process of different
changes inside the body and switching from a quiet state to a dynamic
state.
How much memory is required?
That's just it.
Because each picture requires 64 sweep lines (for
thermal imaging this
is enough), the memory
required
is 4,000 bytes
(computers
binary code unit), and for
100
pictures it requires 400
kilobytes.
This is the capacity of intermediate model computer storage.
Currently used thermal imaging equipment have the capacity for 500 picture
display.
Dynamic thermal imaging technology
has created
new possibilities in
studying the activity and capabilities of the brain.
This new application
is the result of joint cooperative research by a group
led by
the Soviet
Union Academy of Sciences
High Level Nerve activity and Nerve Physiology
Institute's doctor of
biology
Kuziniezuofu
(phonetic).
Preliminary
experiments successfully observed the thermal wave distribution in the
brain of a rat. This is an extremely pretty picture, and furthermore, the
sensitivity can be further enhanced.
May we believe that
thermal imaging equipment sensitivity is almost
the same as the sensitivity of the hands of a super sensitive?
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The capability ( sensitivity) of
dynamic thermal
imaging by computer
systems is 100 times more sensitive.
After all, thermal imaging equipment
can also display detailed images, in this aspect hands cannot compare.
These have been extracted
from several magazine articles
from that
time:
"There is no reason for us to oppose your super sensitives. Let them
keep on making fools of boys and girls. Let them go on talking about such
things as thought forces can transmit information and move objects.
This
is very interesting to listen to.
However, we must not let
them stick
their hands into medicine, must not allow them to touch those unfortunate
patients, because they are not able
to provide any actual
help to the
patients, but can cause the patients to have blind optimism and fantasies.
You do not have enough of a basis for "opposing", just as you do not
have enough for "approving". As for the fantasies you spoke of, sometimes
they are beneficial.
When you have chronic
appendicitis, give yourself the fantasy that
you can
fix everything yourself, however,
do not forget to have us bury
you. "
"One person says one thing and another person says something else.
We know
this is quackery, but from another viewpoint, people all say it
has helped them.
Doctors should
write
it down
and do a physical
examination in order to clarify just what is what.
But
we
should not
abandon
our
own
affairs
and
go
study
and
investigate different murky phenomena.
Excuse me, this
is inappropriate pride, we have already wasted
thousands of peoples' time
trying to convince people this is impossible,
and only using a few days time it is not
possible to
analyze and resolve
the essence of the problem."
The human hand can give off certain kinds of mysterious forces. We
already have heard of people who have seen
with PK with their own eyes.
One woman
super sensitive used the
biological field of her hand to move
objects.
There is nothing
mysterious
about
No
this.
one can
use the
biological field of his hand to cause an electric iron or a water glass to
move, and to cause relatively light objects to move without touching them
only requires
static electricity.
There is a college student studying
physics who demonstrated this while doing his homework and conducted a
practical experiment, he used the static electricity in his hand to cause
a ping pong ball to roll across the table."
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Extracted from the notes of the speech by
visiting lab director and
doctor of physics Gejike (phonetic).
"All living
things are
like living self regulating systems.
In the
process of
life
activity,
it
can
leave complex physical
fields and
infrared
images
within
the
photoelectric
wave
spectrum behind in
surrounding space.
Furthermore, around the biological entity there can be
generated a special gas with chemical components. The changes in space of
all such information can, if reflected in time, be called the "voice" of
the biological
system (including the self regulatory system of the living
entity).
Therefore, after recording and analyzing external physical
fields and
radiation, then there is the possibility of evaluating whether
or not the indices of the organic state are normal
and to
proceed with a
diagnosis, predicting
the possibility
of
disease.
realizing this
possibility is one of our primary tasks.
Therefore
we
have set
up a
laboratory, and within a short time
have filled it with measurement and
calculating comprehensive equipment which can collect all the information
from
the
seven
channels
we mentioned
earlier and can display this
information digitally. After this has
been analyzed and processed
by a
computer,
one
look
makes
it
clear.
We call this process biological
information science.
The collection and processing of
biological
£
information, including
the
study electrical
fields, magnetic
fields, and thermal fields, has
begun to be carried out in a number of areas, so what is so special about
your research work?
It should be evaluated from another angle.
There is a characteristic
which is not a bit unclear,
that
is
the
collection
and analysis of
information by different channels.
That is making every effort to obtain
activity images from each different physical field and radiation, not just
evaluate
a
single point.
In addition, we are working to analyze the
mechanisms of a great deal of research processes.
I
believe, because of
this,
that
we have been successful in uncovering several interesting
phenomena which take place on the surface of the skin.
Some of these were
studied a long time ago, such as the measuring the thermal flow from the
sensitive (erotic) points on the skin.
Another primary task is
to use
weak physical
field information to
find the possibility of adjusting biological states.
It is because the
information is weak that
we can
say it is different
from such physical
treatments and traditional high power treatments.
It can greatly enhance
the sensitivity of receptors, and the adaptability range of the monitoring
and control
function of the organism's regulatory system will become even
broader.
Adjusting and monitoring and control are interconnected.
Perhaps it is just because of this point
that super
sensitives are
successful at times.
We
can
say
this.
The
successes
of
super
sensitives
are not
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investigated in enough
detail
at
times, and as we know, no one is
thoroughly familiar
with technology,
like our research operations in our
lab, it is very difficult to accurately estimate certain therapies and the
one to properly estimate therapy should be a doctor.
Unfortunately, they
have not studied this problem.
We have already come to the time when we can come up with some minor
conclusions, or we can return to the primary problem. Can physical fields
actually treat ailments.
First it was thermal fields, super sensitives
may not have been aware themselves, but it is very possible that they were
using thermal fields to diagnose and treat ailments. It seems that
it is
of no
major significance to discuss this question today.
Since
"developers of the biological field" all strenuously deny that it can cure
ailments, and the broad masses naturally are not so enthusiastic.
Then we
cannot maintain this type of enthusiasm just by relying on the hopes of
the onlookers.
The human body is a complex machine.
It also has several mysteries
which we must discover.
At
the present
time we
still cannot
shout: "I
have discovered
it,
glory be!"
We still should listen to what other
scientists in the same field are saying.
Science also has its own who do
not cooperate,
,
their
using
own
methods and steps they do their own
thing, and use a certain method to differentiate truth from falsehood.
However, people do not
now have enough methods and abilities to conclude
"there is a biological field" or
"biological fields can cure ailments".
We strongly believe
that
it is only through
the test of scientific
practice that it can become truth. We must still
return to the question
of "whether or not
can it cure ailments".
This is the major principle.
Physicists use precise experimental demonstrations,
our
skin can sense
minute temperature changes, even several centimeters away.
It
is
completely possible that if small amounts of temperature information reach
a cold generating spot, it could have therapeutic effects. However, to go
further and say exactly what
the mechanism is, is impossible at the
present time.
Nor is there sufficient experimentation, and doctors can
only speak based on reality.
We can only reach a simple conclusion from what was said.
Biological
bodies do not have any mysterious matter which has been much theorized.
However, biological bodies do have several
basic physical
fields which
have been accurately recorded, and thorough research has been conducted on
these weak primary physical fields.
These physical fields are:
magnetic
fields, static electricity fields, thermal fields, sonic fields, and radio
radiation fields.
Therefore
it
is
possible to
obtain extremely
significant information from these
fields.
To generate a number of new
diagnostic methods and study their use for therapeutic goals on this basis
naturally also requires scientific testing.
We strongly believe that lies
will become truth and super sensitive abilities will in the end become the
most effective treatment method in the hands of the doctors.
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