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CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
VOLUME 1, NO. 4 4TH ISSUE ( AUGUST, 1991)
I
RESOLUTELY SUPPORT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ESP
BY :
Nie Chunrong
A CRITICISM OF "I RESOLUTELY OPPOSE THE PROPAGANDA OF THE COUNTER
SCIENTIFIC SO-CALLED "ESP"
I saw in the Hong Kong News section of "DAGONGBAO" of 09 January 1989
a report of an article by Yu Guangyuan entitled "I Resolutely Oppose the
Propaganda of the Counter Scientific So-called "ESP" (hereafter referred
to as Yu's article). Yu wrote in his article that "I think someday I will
write another
batch of articles and have another battle."
I knew a long
time ago that he would do something like this someday, because in 1986 in
a book entitled "A Criticism of the So-called "ESP" (hereafter referred to
as Yu's book" published by the Intelligence Press he wrote in the forward:
"In a country which
takes the scientific truth of Marxism
as the
theoretical basis of our endeavors, such an unabashed propagandizing of a
tide of anti-Marxism is more than
I as a Marxist can bear." This was a
Foreboding that he would launch another attack.
It now appears that the
day has already come,
and
he has
begun
to launch another attack on
research on ESP.
T.
Please take note that the key point of Yu's article is opposition to
the propaganda of ESP. Back when he held sway in China's natural sciences
and social sciences, under his "banner" of opposition to the propaganda of
ESP, he called propaganda of ESP - referring to demonstrations, reports,
news articles, experiments, papers and published reports
-
"in direct
opposition to the basic principles of materialism (Yu's book page 258).
This large hat has not yet been removed from the "clowns" of this
forbidden
area.
This
is the truth of what Yu's said in his article:
"There is a very strange phenomenon going on in China, the question of
"ESP" seems
to
be
a forbidden zone".
And
those self proclaimed
"defenders" in "defense" of Marxism have used the forces in opposition to
ESP to conduct activities against it. In November of 1986 he also wrote
and published his book "A Criticism of So-called ESP".
Is he not trying
again to "write another batch of articles to criticize" ESP, the objective
existence of which has been demonstrated by scientific
experiments? This
is the
portrayal
of "full of lies and holding truth prisoner" of Yu's
article.
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In the entire article, I could not find
a single reason which could
demonstrate that ESP was a counter science.
However, the headline of Yu's
article gave people the impression that ESP was "Counter Science". I also
read Yu's book from cover to cover, his reasoning was nothing more than
using counter scientific methods of "idealism"
"reasoning" to deny the
objective existence of ESP. Actually, does ESP objectively exist? Based
on the materialist principle that
"practice
is the only standard for
testing for truth", the only way to demonstrate whether or not it actually
exists is to use scientific practical testing.
The author is not about to
deny that "practice is the only standard for testing for proof", so when
he was in Hong Kong he came up with an "idea":
"Since there are differing
views on this, and since the philosophic views cannot be resolved in a
short time, we should agree on a scientific procedure to formally test in
public."
According to what I
know,
the author in the past has used
another
principle,
which is
that "reasoning" is "a more
reliable"
criterion for testing for truth. I have a basis for saying this.
Once at
a speech by the author, someone asked
him:
"Is whether or not ESP
objectively exists a question of practice or a question of theory. The
author stated decisively, "this is a theoretical question" .
This means
that the determination of whether or not ESP objectively exists is not to
be done by relying on the practice of experimental science, but is to rely
on the "reasoning" of theoretical science.
He refused to take part in the
joint testing in Beijing from April to July of 1982 by organized by the
China Somatic Science Research Committee (preparatory) to be conducted by
scientific workers of concerned units from some
of the provinces and
cities.
I do not oppose scientific reasoning or inference. What I do oppose
is counter scientific "idealism" "reasoning". The author has raised the
example of physicists using the laws of thermodynamics to prove that there
can never be a perpetual motion machine in an attempt to secure a
"foundation"
for his
counter scientific "idealism" "reasoning". It is
true that the laws of thermodynamics deny the possibility of a perpetual
motion machine.
However, this cannot become the grounds for the authors
argument. This is because a perpetual motion machine has never been
successful in an experiment. Furthermore, the laws of thermodynamics can
prove that a perpetual motion is impossible. ESP is not the same. China
has thousands of people with ESP and hundreds of organizations conducting
research in ESP. In the past
ten
years
they have conducted tens of
thousands of scientific experiments, demonstrating the objective existence
of ESP. In reading the author's book and article in opposition
to ESP, I
have never
seen
any
scientific reasoning
such
as
the
laws of
thermodynamics in the author's arguments.
Therefore, his attempts will
not succeed. Since he cannot present any scientific reason with a factual
basis to deny the objective existence of ESP, then based on the principle
that "practice
is the only criterion for truth", he should admit that
scientific practice is the only way to test for the objective existence of
ESP. Now the author is in Hong Kong with some new "ideas", suggesting the
organization of scientific experiment to test it. I welcome this.
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What
sort
of
scientific
practical
experiments
has
this
author
actually done
in
the
past?
Has
he taken part in or watched any ESP
demonstrations and scientific
experiments?
Has
he
taken part in or
listened to
scientific workers'
designs of ESP experiments or experiment
reports? Has he reviewed or read scientific experiment reports and papers
on ESP?
According to the author himself has said:
taken part, not seen or listened to, nor
I have all along not
read
any reports of
experiments concerning
ESP.
Then, on what basis
have
I
does this author deny
that scientific practice has demonstrated its
objective existence?
According to what the author says: ESP is "trickery", "magic", "I don't
If
he participated,
believe what I hear, only what I see" is empiricism.
he would be viewed as a
"supporter", and it is only by not taking part
that he can keep from being "taken advantage of".
Scientific experiments
"are not strict" and their reports are "not worth" reading. It is only by
relying on so-called "philosophical reasoning" that he is able to deny its
objective existence. From the material he quoted in his article in
opposition, it seems that the only thing he has collected, seen and heard,
and
read are biased Chinese and foreign articles against ESP and
fraudulent investigative reports and especially made audio and visual
tapes. I ask you, can he through the collection of materials opposed to
ESP based on his guiding philosophy of never taking part in, watching or
listening to or reading anything to do with ESP
and by using counter
scientific "Idealism"
"reasoning", deny the objective existence of ESP
which has been demonstrated by scientific practice? I believe he cannot.
II
Some people may ask:
What Yu's article opposes is propaganda, does
not this signify that you are not talking about the same thing.
I would
say, from the surface, it is not the same question, but in essence it is
the same question.
Although what Yu's article opposes is propaganda,
in
essence it is stating that ESP is "trickery" and "magic". He wants to use
opposition to propaganda to deny the objective existence of ESP. Although
what this article supports is research, in essence it is saying that ESP
objectively exists and cannot be denied. Therefore, it is necessary to
launch scientific experimental research into ESP. The reason I resolutely
support scientific research into
ESP is
that it is a component part of
somatic
science, and
the results
of
scientific
breakthroughs in ESP
experiments will launch a great scientific revolution.
Please note: What is basis for
the
so-called
"grounds" for the
denial of ESP in Yu's article and his book?
1.
The author of Yu's article believes: ESP demonstrations and
experiments were conducted under "less than stringent" conditions, some
are tricks and some
fail, therefore he concludes that ESP is "trickery"
and "magic". I believe that the strictness of the scientific experiments
in ESP
has continuously increased
with the development of different
controversies.
Scientific workers
have continuously
improved
the
environment and conditions of the scientific experiments and demonstration
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have
tests they have conducted.
They
attained
unique,
double blind,
opaque and irreversible, reliable
and obvious testing methods which are
stringent and believable.
Although there are some shams and some
failures, however
a large percentage are actual successes. For example,
the ESP vision experiments of the joint testing conducted from April to
July of 1982 in Beijing (published in "ESP Research" Volume 1, Issue 1 of
1983 on page 9): The testing was comprised of 34 groups, 12 of which were
successful, five groups were borderline, and eight groups were sham. The
success rate was 23.5 percent.
I believe that because the subjects of the
experiment were humans, it is not strange that there will be some fraud.
It is a normal phenomenon
that
scientific experiments do not succeed.
Therefore, there it is unreasonable to use the fact there are some frauds
and failures to deny the reality and success and to deny the objective
existence of ESP.
The fact that there is fraud cannot deny the reality,
and the fact that there are failures cannot deny the successes. Everyone
understands this.
There are also many scientific experiments which are
too numerous to mention.
In summary, ESP
has been
demonstrated to
objectively exist through scientific experiments.
2.
The author of Yu's article believes "Such things as 'recognizing
characters with the ear' is scientifically impossible, and its existence
can be denied through theoretical investigation, and there is no need of
experimental demonstrations" (page 196 of Yu's book) .
According to his
way of thinking, "anything" that does not conform with classical theory is
impossible. I believe that the inference of the two "anythings" is in
error.
I do not know whether or not he noted that all new scientific
theories lie outside of
old conventional knowledge and theory. All break
through old conventional knowledge and theories to become new scientific
theories. Did not Einstein's new view of time and space in his "theory of
relativity" break through the old view of time and space of Newton's
"theory of absolutes" to become a new scientific theory? According to the
inference of
the two
"anythings", the necessary outcome would be to stop
development of all
scientific theory.
This viewpoint is a
type of
"stagnationism".
It
can
be nothing
more
than
"creationism"
wall
decoration.
3.
The author of Yu's article believes:
"In
Hong Kong I got the
idea of some formal tests".
From what I know, this idea did not just come
up during this trip to Hong Kong. As far back as 1981 he had this "idea".
In his book he wrote, "I suggest that under the guidance of the National
Science Commission, there be formal experimental testing of the reality of
'recognizing characters by ear'"
(page 244 of Yu's book). According to
what Yu says, in 1981 the National Science Commission organized an "ESP
investigation research
and
liaison group".
Informed sources have
disclosed that at the suggestion of Yu, this group had the mission of
denying the existence of
ESP.
Those taking part excluded scientific
workers with opinions different from their own, and the investigation only
selected examples of fraud and failure of ESP demonstrations.
Examples of
success were edited out of their videos.
What is the value of reports
written on such a basis. They are not to be trusted. In 1988, a certain
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responsible
comrade
at.
the
former
"Science
and
Technology
Daily"
especially
invited a delegation
the
United
States organization which
opposed ESP, the "United States Committee for the Investigation of Strange
Phenomenon"
to
come
to
Beijing and
Xian to conduct
counter ESP
demonstration in an attempt
to use
"outside to deny the inside".
They
took advantage
of the superstitious
beliefs of
some people
in the
"prestige" of foreign countries to deny the objective existence of
China. It has been said that when this delegation's leader was questioned
by the audience, he was very embarrassed and did not reply.
This is the
ESP in
actual situation of which Yu's article states that commissions "doubters"
submitted reports.
Yu also collected materials from China and foreign
countries both recent
and old which were
in opposition to ESP in an
attempt to deny the objective existence of ESP, all without success.
I
now have doubts about the sincerity of his "ideas" in Hong Kong. If he is
really sincere, scientific experiments on ESP
are being conducted every
day in many institutes of higher learning and research agencies in all the
major cities of China. Why does he not take part in these but comes up
with an
"idea" in China to do some
testing? If this testing "idea" is
really sincere and not just a sham, I would be willing to facilitate this
formal testing.
4.
The author of Yu's article believes that the "the propaganda of
such 'ESP' as 'recognizing characters by ear' are direct opposition to the
basic principles of materialism."
This is a line from page 258 of Yu's
book in an article called "An Important Situation on the Philosophical
Front Lines in China
in 1981"
( hereafter called philosophical article).
The spirit of what he said is that
direct violation of the basic principles of materialism.
In 1984 I wrote
an article entitled "An Important Situation on the Scientific Front Lines
in China in 1981" which was published in volume two issue two page 97 of
"ESP
Research".
This article was
written
as
a rebuttal
to the
the objective existence of ESP is in
"philosophical article"
in Yu's book.
I will not repeat it here.
Yu's
also quoted many times in his books Engels' criticisms of "spiritualism",
saying today's research in ESP was a variation of "spiritualism", that it
was a pseudoscience in basic opposition to materialism, and that
it was
This is actually
severely criticized
in Engel's "Dialectics of Nature".
the opposite of the
truth, because the old "spiritualism" research into
ESP was to illustrate the effects of the "spirits" and modern scientific
research into ESP is to illustrate the effect of matter.
Ancient and
modern, "spiritualism" and science, "spirit" and matter are all completely
different, not the same thing at all. To say China's research into ESP is
a "variation" of "spiritualism" is pure slander. Yu also said that taking
a stand in approval and support of ESP research was to "stand on the side
of Spiritualism" and
was to take
a stand "in opposition to" Engel's
"Dialectics of Nature". Although the basis for Yu's argument
was to "use
the old to deny the present", using reasoning to deny practice does not
conform with scientific logic and is in violation to the principles of
materials, under the weight of this label, many people who approve and
support ESP do not dare to speak up and scientific
experiments in ESP
cannot obtain
funding.
No one writes articles
on
it in publications
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anymore. However, truth belongs to those who grasp it through scientific
practice.
In the past
ten years,
thousands of dedicated scientific
workers have used their own money to continue their experiments.
They
have demonstrated that ESP does objectively exist, and they have achieved
gratifying fairly deep level achievements in theories for unique phenomena
in ESP.
In summary, Yu does not have a leg to stand on in his attempts to
deny the objective existence of ESP. I believe that ESP, which has been
demonstrated by scientific practice to objectively exist, can stand up to
testing, and
cannot
be
denied
by
counter
scientific "idealism"
"reasoning".
III
In the past ten years, there have been three stages in ESP research
operations. The first stage was primarily the use of investigations to
learn and discover about
such paranormal abilities as ESP and PK. The
second stage was primarily the use of scientific experiments to
test for
the reality of such ESP abilities as had been discovered. The third state
was primarily the use of scientific experiments for analytical research of
ESP abilities which had been demonstrated through scientific experiments
in order to establish unique phenomena
theories.
Through scientific
demonstration, when people enter a
state of ESP or high level QIGONG
state, they can give off a certain radiation. I am going to use what the
Chinese ancients called "QI".
This type of "QI" is material, and can be
detected by infrasonic detectors, electromagnetic wave detectors and slow
neutron detectors.
This is an objective, undeniable
fact.
It's
characteristics are not like those of any other matter or
energy so far
discovered in the universe.
When someone enters
an ESP
state or high
level QIGONG state, this "QI", under conscious control, can generate PK
abilities.
The process of this type of ESP perception is different from
that of ordinary sensing function perceptions. Ordinary sensing function
perception processes are where external signals directly contact the human
sensory organs and are carried to the brain through the nervous system,
thus perceiving the existence of external objects. The ESP perception
process is where the consciously controlled
"QI" comes in contact with
objects in the outside world and is fed back to the human body through
channel systems to the brain. When a person enters an ESP state or a high
Level QIGONG state, this "QI" controlled by
the consciousness also
generates PK abilities. The process by which of this
type of PK ability
affects objects
in the objective world is different from the process of
ordinary motor functions altering the objective world.
The process by
which ordinary motor functions alter the objective world is the human body
under the control of the consciousness and not the "QI" which alters the
objective world.
The process by which PK affects the objective world is
the consciously controlled "QI" and not the human body which affects the
objective world.
This is an extremely important scientific discovery.
Because in our present stage of research into unique phenomenon
theory we
are unable to come up with a satisfactory explanation, philosophically we
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say that PK develops the dynamic effects of the consciousness.
Since it
is the development of dynamic effects of the conscious reflection of the
objective world, it also develops the dynamic effect of influencing the
objective world.
It not only causes macroscopic changes in objects, but
it also causes microscopic material change, all the way down to molecular
and atomic changes.
Because of time and space limitations, I cannot
report all the scientific experiments and research into unique phenomenon
theory. I apologize to the readers.
Finally, I would like to make clear why I resolutely support research
into ESP. First of all, it is because ESP not only occupies an important
position and is of great value in somatic science and in overall modern
science as well, but
from the scientific achievements so far,
it
challenges the fundamental theories of modern science.
Success in the
unique phenomenon theories in somatic science research have caused those
in the scientific world
to sense that they may have to alter and further
develop the fundamental theories of modern science. The second reason is
that it
is unfair to have people oppose and no one support scientific
research which could greatly influence the advancement of science.
Furthermore, I hope it gains the support the scientific workers of China
and even of
the entire world and that they will take part in the
scientific research
to promote the development of modern science theories
through somatic science research.
I have used some unique phenomenon
theories which have been obtained through the scientific experiments on
ESP in this article. Because I may have made some errors
in scientific
logical reasoning, I hope everyone will help point them out.
Written in Beijing, Haidian, in February, 1989.
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HIDDEN INFORMATION IN THE SYNCHRONOUS BRAIN WAVES DURING QIGONG STATE
BY :
Mei Lei (Space Medicine Engineering Institute, Beijing)
ABSTRACT
This article represents thorough
research of the phenomenon, about
which the author published an article ten years ago, of ultra synchronous
brain
alpha
waves during the
QIGONG
state.
The application of EEFT
technology (ET) created by this laboratory, made it possible for us to
uncover a new information system hidden in QIGONG brain waves.
We discovered the following series of significant facts.
1.
The
selectivity of
the
extrasensory spectral line of the ET
system oscillated.
As
a background
of the overall brain activity, the
selectivity of
the S4
spectral line
related to 5-HT and its selectivity
was enhanced.
2.
Brain activity with strong coherence. The left and right brain
coherence was strongest in the temporal regions F3 and F4.
At the same
time there was a unique frequency distribution and enhanced harmonics.
3.
Right Brain S4 system activity was relatively dominant.
4.
During a QIGONG state sympeda spacial structure was more closely
related to the "golden rule" than during normal states.
5.
During different types of QIGONG, we observed different S system
structures,
this
is of major significance in diagnosis and QIGONG
treatment.
6.
This article also discusses the significance of these discoveries
as well as the advantages of stressing ET methods in QIGONG research.
KEY
WORDS:
QIGONG, brain waves,
EEG,
left
and
right
brain
connection.
We have demonstrated that
during QIGONG,
there is a phenomenon of
ordered brain waves. The temporal alpha wave synchronization is markedly
increased and the frequency shifts to the left1. There have been a string
of similar reports from foreign countries2. However, the significance of
the synchronization of this
type of brain wave is still not clear, and
what type of information is hidden in this type of synchronous brain waves
has not yet been decoded.
In the past ten years, we have persisted in
thoroughly uncovering the information
hidden in
synchronous brain waves
during the QIGONG state.
This article briefly summarizes what we have
achieved.
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THE S SYSTEM OF THE BRAIN
Based
on
system
theory,
synergetics and
theories
related to
dissipation structures,
we
systematically
analyzed
the brain, and
thoroughly investigated the uneven rising and falling of
the brain waves,
developing rising and falling brain wave charting technology (shortened to
ET). We discovered that
the
rising and falling of brain waves is
controlled by
a certain deeper layer functional system (S system) in the
brain.
This hidden systeme can
be separated
from ordinary synchronous
brain waves.
The
S
system
separated
from
the
other
brain waves looks to be
chaotic, but under different conditions
it
can show extreme loop type
selective oscillation, showing the
dominant spectral line of different
frequencies. We performed fairly detailed research and analysis on the S
spectral structure composed of
S1 through S 225. (S1 through S 225 are
the spectral line sequence, multiplying times 0.032 gives the frequency in
megahertz.)
On the S spectrum,
the behavior of the various attractions can be
displayed, showing up as selective oscillation, resonance
and continuous
oscillation forms.
Also, in different regions of the brain, it formed
various characteristic time and space structures.
In order to separate
out this information, it is also possible to perform multiple level
analysis, currently a three level is commonly used.
This is (1), most
dominant frequency (D1) analysis;
(2), dominant frequency group (D1 to
D8) analysis; and 16 frequency spectrum analysis.
For this article, we
will include the results of these analyses, where through human and animal
experiments, we "broke the code"
of the significance of a series of
characteristic
S
spectral
line nervous activity and neurochemistry,
demonstrating
that
characteristic
S spectral lines have very strong
specificity.
Under typical
conditions, moving
one
frequency can
completely alter
its physiological
significance, and furthermore, it is
neurochemistry.
For
example,
we
have already demonstrated
that 5-HT
closely related
to
the
obscure
processes of the brain such as its
selectively enhances the S4 spectral lines, D selectively enhances the S11
spectral line, ACH and NE enhance
a series of special spectral lines.
Furthermore, S13, S26,
can be enhanced by barbital. S1 and S2 can
also separately interact with two different types of cyclical activity of
neuroglia cells.
There is a quantity of experimental data which
demonstrate that the
S
System possesses a quantization nature, which
indicates that at least part of this system comes from the quantum release
process of the nerve medium and these S oscillations can be viewed as a
type of probability wave.
The
separation
of the
s
system from the brain wave fluctuation
information is a level of key
significance in the brain's self ordered
activities. It controls a large amount of coordinated activity of nerve
elements, which are the ordered parameter effect of the S system at a
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number of levels of activities in the brain4. This ordered parameter
effect of the S system, acting to
cause many sub
systems to enter an
ordered state, so it must play a major
role in the ordered process of
developing the Qigong state.
We
have already published the results of achievements in this
aspect5-7 which demonstrate
the existence of the
S
system and its
relationship to the QIGONG state, providing materials on a series of self
ordered phenomena of this system during the QIGONG state. This article
will delve even deeper in this research, allowing for a more thorough and
overall understanding of the
hidden information in the synchronous brain
waves during the QIGONG state.
APPEARANCE OF HIGHLY SELECTIVE OSCILLATION OF THE S SPECTRUM
DURING QIGONG STATE
Illustration 1 (a) shows the collective spectrum of the most dominant
Spectral line of the S system during the QIGONG state. We can see in this
illustration that during the QIGONG state, marked peaks appear in S4 and
S6.
The most evident $4 has the strongest resonance (4, 8, 12, 16,
underlined in the illustration).
We also performed
resonance series
analysis on several of the most basic S frequencies, with marked results.
These basic series were:
the S3 series (3,6,9 ... ),
the S4 series
(4,8,12,16, ... ) and the S13 series (13, 26, 39, ... ). Through basic
resonance series analysis of the most dominant frequency levels during the
QIGONG state (illustration 1 (b), we can clearly see that the S4 series is
obviously dominant. A stratified analysis of the dominant frequency
groups during the QIGONG
state also allows us to see (see illustration
two) that compared to a state of rest, the S4 series resonance during
QIGONG
is markedly elevated.
This phenomenon
for ZHANGYU,
systems are
mutually inhibiting.
In
Normally
the S4 and the S3
ZHAOGUANG,
DAZHOUTIAN, and XIAOZHOUTIAN.
19
experiments with 10 QIGONG
masters, the $4 series was clearly greater than the S3 system (P < 0.001).
The S4 is related to 5-HT. During the QIGONG state, the dominance of
the
S4
series resonance
indicates that brain has entered a relatively
inhibited state. Some people have reported that during the QIGONG state,
there was a markedly increased 5-HT.
Our results were consistent with
this. The 5-HT can cause
sensations of peace, comfort and stability.
These are the same as the sensations during a QIGONG state.
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ILLUSTRATION ONE:
DOMINANT S SPECTRAL LINE COMPOSITION
(a) TOTAL SPECTRUM
(b) BASIC RESONANCE SERIES
*********************
*
*
226
236
252
*
***
**
124
132
134
144
148
152
170 176
182
190
212
********
*******
*****
* *
*
**
*
*
*
76 83 84
86
92
104
106
108 109
112
119
122
****
* *
* * *
*
* *
*
T
**
34 36 43
46 50 52 54
56 59 60 64 68
73 74
****
*****
*****
****
*****
****
****
+*
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
14
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26
28 30
3 4 5 7
11
13
(a)
(b)
******
*
**
**
*
*
** *
* *
*****
**** |2
**
****
*******
图 la 气功态中最优 S谱线构成的总谱
৳
气功态中最优 S 谱线构成的基础谐振系
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*
******
**
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ILLUSTRATION TWO:
S4 SERIES ENHANCEMENT DURING QIGONG STATES
ZY 安静 1982 (Rest)
发功 1982 (Qigon)
T 42
35
35
-28
₸ 16
-
T
T11
₸ 11
T13
3
4
5
7
11
13
3
4
5
7
11
13
ZQ 安静
1982 (Rest)
发功 1982 (Qigon)
.
i
T 36
₸ 45
₸ 42
+24
T 25
24
22
3
4
5
7.
11
13
3
4
5
11
13
SL 大周天 1981 (Big circle)
大周天 1982 (Big circle)
₸64
48
-33
T 44
T25
-28
-26
21
20
21
+11
3
4
5
7
11
13
3
4
5
7
11
13
中极功.1981.(ZJ)
小周天.1982.(Small circle)
-70
48
T 36
-32
T 36
1- 35
30
- 20
₸13
3
5
7
11
13
3
4
5
7
11
13
图 2 气功态中 SA 系增强
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CEREBRAL STRONG COHERENCE
The phenomenon of frontalization was one of the earliest phenomena we
noted during
our research
into Qigong.
In
QIGONG, the alpha
synchronization is mostly
marked in the frontal
lobes.
We used ET
technology to further determine the dominant effect of the frontal lobes.
In the analysis of the S series most dominant frequency analyses, we
can clearly see this frontalization phenomenon.
Illustration 3 A is a
comparison of the S series
left and
right frontal
and rear dominant
frequency coherence.
The frontal regions (F3 and F4) coherence is the
strongest, and the coherent dominant spectral lines are the most.
Furthermore, there are S4
resonances (S4, S76, and S176). The central
Regions (C3 and C4) are secondary,
and there
a reduction in the
coherent most dominant spectral
lines.
The S4 series resonance is also
weaker ($4 and $76). In the parietal regions and the occipital regions,
there is a marked reduction in this type of most dominant spectral line
coherence, and there is no appearance of resonance.
F3-F4
**
**
**
*
*
*
12 46
43
46
*
76
176
*
C3-C4
** * * *
*
*
0 :
123 46
30
76
P3 - P4
****
* * * *
12 3 6
*****
01-02
** *
**
*
1 2 4 22
ILLUSTRATION 3 A: D1 COHERENCE OF LEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN
The distribution throughout the various regions of the brain of the
S4 series as the most dominant frequency is shown in Illustration 3B.
Here we can also see the numbers for the S4 series are highest in the left
and right frontal regions.
B. D1 分布(S4 系总数)
3
6
82
6
7
3
5
6
4
3
-
4
3
ILLUSTRATION 3 B: D1 DISTRIBUTION (S SERIES TOTALS)
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C. 四大脑区 D1 相干
24 6
124 6
76
76
1 2
1 24
ILLUSTRATION 3 C:
D1 COHERENCE IN THE FOUR REGIONS OF THE BRAIN
The most
dominant frequency resonance
structure
in
the various
regions of the brain are shown in illustration 3 D.
There are dispersed
S4 series resonances existing throughout the entire brain, but the left
and right frontal regions (F3 and F4) S4 series resonance is the strongest
and are also balanced.
The resonance series structure exhibits brain
region coherence corresponding to left and right.
Only F3, F4, F7 and F8
attain three or more pairs.
D. D1 谐振
236
212
176
148
76
68
176
144
76
52
170
176
18
18
6
17
11
4
4
3
1
6
9
4
236
176
108
30
21
108
30
12
30
6
3
64
28
4
76
4
6
10 54
5
6
132
84
84
60
76
36
54
36
30
60
21
112
8
18
104
56
20
10
3
8
1
3
92
20 190 92
4
124
68
4
19 23
16
4
92
4
:
ILLUSTRATION 3 D:
D1 RESONANCE
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E. D1 谐振
212
176
236
144
148
176
76
152
76
170
18
18
52
17
176
11
68
76
6
28
144
9
6
4
236
54
30
108
176
108
21
30
64
12
30
6
28
76
6
10 54
3
A
1
3
5
6
132
84
84
60
76
36
54
36
30
60
21
112
8
18
56
20
10
3
8
4
3
92
4
124
68
92
1
4
图 3 最优频额脑优势分析
ILLUSTRATION 3 E :
D1 RESONANCE
F.D1连续讲线
.1 2
1 2
9 10
18 19
1 23
12345 6 12
1 2
73 74
1 2
1 2
1 2
ILLUSTRATION 3 F: D1 CONTINUOUS SPECTRAL LINE
This
phenomenon of
strong
coherence
of
the
frontal
brain most
dominant
frequency
is
characteristic of
the
QIGONG
state.
In
pathological states, although there is a forward shift of the alpha, there
is no appearance of S series coherence dominance is in the frontal brain,
but there
is dispersed S series coherence dispersed throughout the brain.
It can only be implored following successful treatment of the pathological
state.
Further, a shift
to
the
left of the alpha frequency can be
observed in old people, with
the
frontal brain dominating, but the S
series analysis demonstrates
that
in old peoples'
brains, the most
dominant coherent spectral line is the S1 and not the S4, qualitatively
different from QIGONG.
Illustration 4 (see inside
cover illustration
four A,
B, C and D)
(Translator's note: not available) are color displays of the degree of
coherence of the dominant frequency groups of the left and right brain
under various states. From the bottom to the top they are:
the quiet,
eyes closed state (D),
state of
resting after memorizing homework (C),
state of doing memorization (B), and the QIGONG state (A). The red is the
highest degree of coherence for that
individual state. We can see that
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the regions of strongest coherence regions are at the front of the brain
and move successively toward the
rear .
The state of quiet is in the
occipital regions, resting is in the parietal region, memory state is in
the mid and frontal
regions
and the Qigong state is primarily in the
frontal regions. Statistical analysis shows that the degree of coherence
with frontal connecting regions is markedly higher than the parietal
connecting regions (P < 0.001).
The degree of coherence between F3, F7
and F4, F8 are markedly higher
than the average degree of coherence of
other regions of the brain (P <
0.05).
The QIGONG
state is clearly
centered in the frontal regions, and its coherence is markedly higher than
the state of resting (P < 0.025) and of memorization (0.001).
Entering into the coherence of the left and right frontal areas are
the S21, S42, S84, S22, S44, S88 and $176 series as well as the S4 series.
These are all characteristic spectral lines of the QIGONG states of
different types of QIGONG.
We have discussed the effects of the frontalization phenomenon on the
evolution of the functions of the brains.
The frontal brain is believed
to be an important regions which is not yet understood. Its role in
QIGONG has been mentioned time and again.
However, what information is
hidden in the frontal brain alpha dominant frequencies has only been
disclosed by the results of using ET analysis in this article.
RIGHT BRAIN COHERENCE DOMINANCE
In the above analysis of the strong coherence in the
frontal brain,
we also can see that the right frontal area is dominant.
In Illustration
3 B, the $4 distribution in F4, F7 is higher than on either side.
In
illustration 3 D, the appearance of continuous frequencies in F4, Cf
regions are higher than on either side. In illustration 3 C, the coherent
spectral lines
that appear
in the four regions are also most obvious in
the right brain.
In dominant frequency series analysis, we also see similar phenomena.
Comparing the left and right brain, the S4 series dominance is more marked
in the right brain (P < 0.025).,
Illustration 4 are examples of a number of experiments.
The same
person
during
the same test
showed
increased intensity of S4 series
resonance in both
hemispheres,
but
the
S3 series resonance intensity
tended to drop. As a result, the S4 series appears to be dominant over S3
series ( see the numbers in parentheses in the illustration).
Even though
the left brain at
times also has S4 series dominance (Wang Songling (WL)
example in the illustration), but it is more
marked in the right brain.
Other people have S3
series dominance in the left brain, and S4 series
dominance in the right brain. Usually, the S3 series and the S4 series
act to counteract each other.
The $3 series tends toward stimulation, and
the S4 series tends toward inhibition.
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(-19) (Left brain)
(24) (Right brain)
MR
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ZD
(-1)
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T 33
-32
-30
-28
T18
..
3
4
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7
11
13
3
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11
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SH
(19)
(-7)
T 64
51
45
26
26
-22
₸15
T14
TT
3
4
5
7
11
13
3
4
5
7
11
13
WL
安静
(60)
-108
T 104
₸ 48
55
-49
T 48
T30
T 21
-11
3
4
5
7
11
13
3
4
5
7
11
13
(49)
(BH)
(112)
T 100
44
51
₸ 56
-- 25
-21
T13
3
4
5
7
11
13
3
4
5
7
...
11
13
中丹田
(MDD)
(45)
(20)
84
-68
T 65
48
₸49
₸ 39
-42
-25
T 26
T:13
3
4
5
£
7
11
13
3
4
1 5
7
11
13
ILLUSTRATION 5:
LEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN S4 SERIES DOMINANCE IN QIGONG STATE
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T:44
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百合
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Illustration 6 ( Inside cover 4.
(Translator's note: not available)
is a
colored display of the
S4 series resonance dominance of the right
brain.
The numbers in the illustration were extracted by
subtracting the
S3 resonance value from the S4 resonance.
The values
for the various
regions of the right brain
were
all positive after
subtracting the
corresponding resonance numbers for
the corresponding
areas of the left
brain, indicating that the right brain has clear S4 series dominance.
It is usually believed
that the
right brain is a region with much
potential capabilities,
the functions
of which are far from realized.
A
number of people have postulated that
the energy source for the QIGONG
potential is the right brain. However, experimental demonstration of this
has been lacking.
This work used ET
technology to check on
right brain
dominance after
frontal brain dominance of the QIGONG state.
The results
turned to postulations into scientific facts.
常态
F3
F4
C4
0,57
0,51
C3
0.96
0.9
P4
0.88
0.79
01
02
气功态
0,64
F3
F 4
0.6
0.56
P3
P4
0.68
01
02
图 7 气功态中前后相邻脑区功率优
势比逼进 0. 618
ILLUSTRATION 7:
THE FRONT TO REAR CONNECTING REGIONS POWER LEVEL
DOMINANCE APPROACHES 0.618 IN A QIGONG STATE
MOSAIC TYPE SYMMETRY OF THE BRAIN
We have already published facts on the appearance of mosaic sympeda
occurring in the brain during the QIGONG state, and we have pointed out
its consistency with the phenomenon of left and right brain
sympeda in
morphology.
The brain sympeda forms a yin and yang diagram of the brain.
During
excitation,
the
left frontal brain S2 is dominant. When
practicing inhibitation exercises, the right rear brain Sa is dominant.
When practicing entering tranquility and thought concentration, the left
forward brain and the right rear brain are in a balanced state.
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C4 <
0.63
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The new material indicates that the sympeda not only is expressed in
power, but also is expressed in other parameters such as the intensity of
resonance and the characteristic frequencies.
During the QIGONG state,
the resonance intensity distribution of the various regions of the brain
also look like a mosaic sympeda.
It seems that the brain cross structure is a common phenomenon.
In
many
other experiments, we always observed this type of characteristic
image. We already have articles summarizing this type of phenomenons.
Further analysis also indicates that during a QIGONG state, the ratio
between
the
left frontal and
the right occipital areas of the brain
approaches the golden division rule, which is tending toward 0.618.
Furthermore,
during the QIGONG state, mosaic sympeda image approaches
0.618 in the forward to rear connecting regions of the brain in the left
and right brain, while the normal
human brain image has more scattered
values ( illustration seven).
After Sperry discovered the non symmetrical
relationship between the
left
and right brain, there has been a great deal of research work
concerning the relationship between the left and right brains. Our
results represent a major qualitative advancement.
These results allow
analysis of the relationship between the left and right brain to enter a
stage of greater detail and precision. From this aspect, the spacial
structure of the brain is perfect.
DIFFERENT STYLES OF QIGONG HAVE DIFFERENT S SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
The S4 series resonance dominance described earlier is a common
phenomenon of QIGONG, and it occurred in about 80 percent of our
experiments. However, in addition to this basic change, in different
styles of QIGONG there occur different
additional dominant series. The
clarification
this problem will
to
differentiate
help
between
the
different styles of QIGONG.
By analyzing the most dominant frequency of each channel, we can see
the characteristics of each type of QIGONG.
Illustration 8 is a
comparison of the recordings of four channels of brain waves of X. S. Q.
in five continuously experiments of excitation QIGONG
and inhibition
QIGONG. From this, we can see that during excitation, the $2 is dominant,
as well
as
$5 series harmonics ($5, 15, 20, 30, ... ).
During
inhibition, the S1 was dominant, as well as the S4 series harmonics (S24,
32, 64).
In
12
channel brain
wave
tests (illustration 3,
D through H)
Yishoubaihui (phonetic) and Yishoudantian (phonetic) were compared.
The
former saw S5 appear in addition to the S4. In the latter, the S4 series
was dominant.
During
entering tranquility,
there
was a
typical
quasicyclical structure (D21, S22 - S43: S21, @52 - S73).
In addition,
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during the QIGONG state, S70 through S80 regions were markedly stronger
than in normal persons. Of these, S74 is mostly seen in the better QIGONG
states, some show S37 during resting, and its harmonic, S74, during the
transition of entering a QIGONG state. With similar S4 series dominance
during QIGONG, some people will have more S4
series harmonics (B), and
some people will have concentrations of the individual S4 series harmonics
(C).
1
兴奋功
2 抑制功
(1)
2
5
30
91
*** 2
.#1
10
121
39
** -
(3) -
2 3
- 20
1 6
33
(4).
2
1
11
190 214
(5)-
*
*
*
1 7 24 32
(B) S. B. L
(C) W. J. L
4 大周天
3 大周天
*
8
36
206
* ₮
58 84
5(D) 意守丹田
6 (E)
意守百会
*
4 16
46
74
182
2 8 10 26 30 72 170 212
(F) 入静
**
*** 2
21 22 34 43 52 73
W.L
6 (.H) 意守百会
5 (G) 意守中丹田
**
** 2
*******
36 56 60 64 68 92 104 106 134 148 212 2 10 20 76 112
.
图 8 不同功法最优谱线结构比较
ILLUSTRATION : DOMINANT SPECTRAL LINES OF DIFFERENT QI GONG STATES
1.
Excitation.
2.
Inhibition.
3. Big Circle. 4. Big Circle. 5.
Yishoudantian. 6. Yishoubaihui.
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*
(2)
*
*
*
***
*
2
6
15
44
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*
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In an analysis of the eight dominant frequencies of each channel, we
can also see this type of difference in the different types of QIGONG.
Illustration 9 shows two examples of the appearance of S5 series harmonic
dominance.
The left shows the various individual brain regions showing
relatively many harmonic series of the S5 base frequency. The right shows
the overall strength of the S5 series harmonics markedly higher than other
base frequency series.
XIA
50
35
7
10
10
KH
5
5
100
56
10
56
6
7
5
8
3
6
35
10
6
+ 45
36
3
5
5
3
- 13
6
230
20
12
0
3
5
5
6
ML
28
216
KH
40
-135
252
28
112
150
216
14
20
30
80
-
20
230
175
42
5
5
209
27
11
0
3 4 5 7 11
13
15
6
图 9 增强 S5 系的气功
ILLUSTRATION 9: QIGONG WITH ENHANCED S5 SERIES
The S5 series is enhanced by acetylcholine.
In addition to QIGONG,
acupuncture has also been observed with S5 series harmonic enhancement.
Illustration 10 is
an
analysis
of the D1 through D8 harmonics in
different types of QIGONG. Here, we can also see a similar pattern. The
QIGONG master using "whirling QIGONG" (ZRD) had a markedly enhanced S11
series. The S11 series enhancement has also been seen in blind persons.
S11 is related to DA. In animal experiments, injection of L-DOPA caused a
marked enhancement of $11.
When patients with Parkinson's disease are
treated with 'DA, the S11 series also recovers. It is generally believed
that DA enhances the coordination movement of the external cone system.
"Whirling QIGONG" and blind persons place relatively high demands on the
external cone system. It is possible that because of this, it causes DA
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100 ₸
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activity and S11 series enhancement.
whether
or
not
it is possible
to
use this idea to treat Parkinson's
disease.
| 入静(S21系)
WYH (85)
LY
LY
MZR
84 | 84
211
21
84
(82)
84
42
21
84
84
21
21
(81)
84
84
21
(23)
42
14
42
21
21
21
2
3意守丹田(S4系)
4.
意守百会(S4S10系)
WYH
ZG
240
WYH
WSL
120
20
90
104 90
120
8
44
4
8
80
90
36
4
168
32
8
30
40
4
4
176
168
56
88
152
140
64
76
150
44
120
184
128
36
22
60
232
120
4
100
184
90
124
72
56
120
120
30
20
40
8
5
2
20
8
8
8
4
2
WYH
SXH
40
10
200
56
10
196
32
28
14
8
88
36
8
20
8
4
100
36
12
4
10
2
=
2
12
2
“旋转”功(S11系)
WL
ZRD
240
198
50
102
102
35
10
240
6
6
240
36
10
102
198
5
5
4
84
150
240
6
10
36
88
11
1.02
6
6
5
1
210
35
36
36
150
10
10
60
5
5
12
4
54
240
20
36
32
55
11
6
18
10
4
4
11
216
6
114
64
6
ILLUSTRATION 10:
ANALYSIS OF THE DI TO D8 HARMONICS WITH DIFFERENT
TYPES OF QIGONG
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.13
9
意守印堂(S6系)
意守中丹田(S6系)
WL
兴奋功(S5系)
抑制功(S4系)
12
55
240
102
12
144
92
220
11
6
132
102
4
36
20
4
4
28
8
4
10
20
124
4
4
1
4 周天(S4系)
7
§内循坏(S7,S10 系)
SBL(小周天)
SBL(大周天)
112
144
220
32
120
120
8
30
4
30
20
144
8
1
40
30
210
252
42
21
42
14
N
104
76
140
28
104
4
76
8
XSD
55
21
There are reasons to consider
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1.
Entering Tranquility.
2.
Series.
3.
Yishoudantian.
4.
Yishoubaihui. 5. Circle.
6.
Small
circle.
7.
Big circle.
8.
Internal circulation.
9.
Yishouyintang.
10.
Yishouzhongdantian.
11.
Excitation.
12.
Inhibition.
13.
"Whirling" QIGONG.
In addition, during Yishoubaihui, the S11 series ($22) also joins in.
Conversely, during Yishoudantian, the S13 series ($22 (sic)) joins in.
The S11 series tends toward excitation and is part of Yang. S13 series is
enhanced during Barbital anesthesia, is a strong inhibitor, and is part of
Yin.
When entering tranquility, the S21, S42,
and S84 series is markedly
enhanced. Deaf persons have enhanced S42, indicating that sensing of the
external world in inhibited.
The results above indicate that during QIGONG states,
there exist
selective chemical oscillation.
It generally appears in the $4 series
dominant harmonics related to 5-HT.
At the same time, different dominant
harmonic series appear during different types of QIGONG. QIGONG treatment
must consider these
selections.
ET technology provides an objective
method to check this type of selectivity. It can determine the S system
structure of each special patient, and then, targeted enhancement of
certain oscillation series or reduction of certain oscillation series can
achieve the goal of diagnosis and selection of the proper treatment.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
The results of the six aspects discussed above fully demonstrate that
there
is a tremendous amount of information hidden in the synchronous
brain waves during the QIGONG states. At the same time, it demonstrates
that ET technology can effectively reveal the information in ordinary
brain waves, and thus opening up a new avenue and new realm for QIGONG
research.
The results achieved indicate
that
the
information hidden in the
synchronous brain waves during QIGONG are neither the same as the forward
shifted alpha synchronous waves of the pathological state nor are they
same as the enhanced alpha synchronization of the frontal areas of old
people.
In the QIGONG state there appears
selective vibration of the S
series,
selective coherence and harmonics,
as well as characteristic
spacial structures.
The shift from the ordinary S3 series dominance to the QIGONG S4
series selective vibration, the shift
from the ordinary rear brain
coherence to the QIGONG
frontal brain
coherence, from
the ordinary left
brain dominance to the QIGONG right brain dominance, and from the ordinary
non symmetrical structure to the mosaic sympeda, are all manifestations of
qualitative shift
behavior of the brain. This demonstrates that during a
QIGONG state, the brain enters a completely new different qualitative
state.
The 5-HT
dominance effect ensures the brain enters an adjusted
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state of quiet, comfort and stability.
The
effect of
frontal brain and
right brain dominance ensures the brain latent abilities are brought out,
enhancing the connection with the hypothalamus, improving the control over
the internal
world of
the body and the subconscious realms. The entire
cross structure of the
brain reflects
a
"brain
Yin
Yang
diagram" of
balanced Yin and Yang
and optimum
functional state. Different types of
Qigong
have
their
commonalities
and
their
own unique qualities.
Researching their
commonalities
will
help
in describing the basic
mechanisms of the QIGONG state.
Clarification of
their unique qualities
is of important practical
significance in diagnosis and determination of
proper treatment.
Acknowledgements:
This work
used
testing
materials from
the
following QIGONG
masters and practitioners:
Zhang Yu,
Zhao Guang, Xia
Shuangquan, Wang Songling, Wang Yonghuai,
Wang
Sun Benlian, Ma
zonglong,
Zhang Rongtang, Song Xiunhong, Li Yan, Wei Jianyan. This
article also made use of experimental data from
Bai Yanqiang and Zhou
Yunlong.
Over many years of testing and analysis, I have enjoyed a great
deal of cooperation from Zhou Quandai and Liu Yuehong.
I would like to
express our deep felt gratitude to all these people.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Mei Lei, et al, "Science Magazine", Vol. 4, No. 9 (1981), p 622.
2.
"The
EEG
of Higher
States of Consciousness", Maharishi European
Research University, Global Research Program, 1978 p 10.
3.
Mei Lei, Chinese Journal of Space Science, Vol. 11, No. 2, (1991), pp
118.
4.
Haken, H, Synergetics of the Brain, (1986).
5.
Mei Lei, "Science Magazine", Vol 7, No. 11 (1984), pp 809.
6.
Mei Lei, "Chinese QIGONG" Vol. 2 (1985), pp 5.
7.
Mei Lei, ESP Research", Vol 1 (1987).
8.
Mei Lei et al, Advanced Space Research, Vol. 3, No. 9 (1983), pp 171.
9.
Mei Lei, "Nature Magazine", Vol 13, No. 10 (1990), pp 661.
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THE EFFECTS OF ESP ON THE STRUCTURE OF SILICON CRYSTALS
AND PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO ITS MECHANISM
BY: Wu Banghui, Wu Ruixian, Du Kaiying and Song Jumu ( Sichuan University)
Song Kongzhi, Li Xianggao, Jian Rongliang, Zhou Rongliang, Zhou Lianghui
(Institute of Space Medicine Engineering)
ABSTRACT :
In experiments of using
ESP to
remove objects
from a sealed glass
container, silicon monocrystalline chips were used as samples or the walls
of the container. After forty some of
these monocrystalline chips were
processed through
esp,
it
was found that three had undergone a unique
transition.
Their structure
had
changed
to
a microcrystalline
orientation.
This change is a "soft change", and after a length of time
it will disappear.
We present some preliminary discussions of the
possible mechanisms involved in this change.
KEY WORDS :
ESP
removal of objects from a sealed glass container,
silicon, monocrystalline orientation.
In ESP and QIGONG research, a number of phenomena have
already been
discovered with illustrate that people can, when in certain states, affect
the structure and nature of matter1. Because people with this ability are
extremely rare, and because we are not yet able to grasp the pattern of
their appearance, it is very difficult to capture positive results.
It is
even more difficult to study the mechanism of this phenomenon on the basis
of a few examples.
However, it is
just because of this that attempted
investigations by modern science
into this question are of significance.
This can help us reduce the
blindness of our research and to find the
direction for further research.
In order to facilitate discussions with
persons not specialists in physics conducting research in somatic science,
this article will first
simply introduce several examples of the results
of the experiments on
the effect
of
the extraction of solid objects
through a solid wall
of
crystalline structures2, and at the same time
explain some basic knowledge of
crystalline structures.
Then we will
explore the possible methods that ESP could affect crystalline structures,
and finally we will suggests some additional research and experiments for
this question.
"Extraction through
a solid wall" refers to moving a test object out
of a sealed container.
It is a fairly stable ability of the ESP person,
Zhang X X. It is now known that there are also other people in China with
this ability. At first, the purpose of our experiment was to check
whether the "extracted" objects were actually the same objects originally
placed inside the bottle. Later, our purpose was to
test whether or not
the extracted objects had undergone any microscopic changes. We performed
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composition analysis and structural analysis of many objects that had been
extracted.
In order to facilitate analysis of the structure, we selected
several crystals of simple composition as test objects.
These included
NaCl, LiF, silver and silicon.
In order to determine whether or not the test objects were actually
removed from the container with ESP, we used X ray analysis on the NaCl,
LiF and silver, and the results did not disclose any changes in the
composition or structure of the test objects.
For example, illustration
one shows
three pieces of silver with similar
structure. One of these
pieces had not been used as an ESP
extraction sample (control sample).
One piece had been processed but had not been extracted (excess sample),
and the other piece was a test sample which had
been extracted.
Because
the subject did not know what
the test samples in the bottle were, this
type of analysis presents decisive collateral evidence.
(a)
(b)
(c)
图 1 Ag的 X 衍射分析曲线
(a)对照 (b)剩余 (c)取出
ILLUSTRATION ONE:
SILVER X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS GRAPHS
(a).
Control sample.
(b).
Excess sample.
(c).
Extracted sample.
In
order
to
further
study the process of
extraction,
and to
investigate whether or not
there had been any discernable change in the
extracted sample or the container, we selected samples
of silicon with
relatively simple composition and structure. We also put together a box
of silicon to use as a container for the experiments.
Solid objects are divided into two major categories, crystal and non
crystal.
Crystal objects
are further divided into monocrystals,
polycrystals, and microcrystals. The characteristics of monocrystals are
long range order. Those of the polycrystals are that they are composed of
different monocrystal particles with
several different orientations.
There is a strict period inside
every crystal particle, but between the
crystal particle there is no period.
It
is generally held that poly
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crystals have a granularity
of less
than 1000 angstrom, they are called
microcrystalline. Non crystalline is only a short range ordered (recently
close to inter atom), but still can retain several crystal properties.
A
major
method
of
studying material structure is X-ray and other
diffraction technology. Through the use of diffraction instrument methods,
it is possible to automatically record the intensity of the diffraction
and the 2i angle relationship ( i is the inclusive angle of the X-rays and
the surface of the object). Microcrystalline silicone has many peaks, and
its peak position 2i (for a Cu taret) are 28.46, 47.3, 36.18,69.20,
and
(100)
silicon
monocrystalline
silicon
peaks
at
,
69.20.
Microcrystalline silicon with (100) direction orientation peaks at 69.20,
with a very wide spectrum of peaks.
50
60
70
ILLUSTRATION TWO:
MONOCRYSTAL SILICON X-RAY DIFFRACTION SPECTRAL LINES
We used monocrystalline silicon pieces as test objects or container
walls. Prior to and after the experiment, we performed X-ray diffraction
analysis of the silicon pieces. The spectral lines of the monocrystalline
silicon pieces prior to the experiment
are shown in illustration two.
After the experiment, of the 40 pieces of silicon processed, most still
retained the spectral line monocrystalline structure shown in illustration
two.
However, there were three pieces from different experiments which
had different X-ray diffraction spectral lines. The
simple expression of
these is shown in illustration three.
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50
60
70
(a)
50
60
70
(b)
M
70
ILLUSTRATION THREE: X-RAY DIFFRACTION SPECTRAL LINES OF THREE
PIECES OF MONOCRYSTALS PROCESSED FOR EXTRACTION
(a).
Extracted
from
glass bottle on 24 August 1987, analyzed on 31
August.
(b). Left in the bottle after 28 September, 1987, extraction experiment,
analyzed on 18 October.
(c).
Left in the
bottle after 14 March, 1988, extraction experiment,
analyzed on 24 March 1988.
As shown in illustration three, these three pieces of silicon which
had
been
processed for extraction had X-ray diffraction spectral lines
different from the spectral lines of the monocrystals, and are the
spectral lines of microcrystals with 100 direction orientation. In order
to recheck the results of the analysis, we repeated the analysis of the
two pieces (a) and (b) in December of 1987.
We were surprised to discover
that their structural X-ray diffraction spectral lines no longer appeared
as in illustration three, but had reverted back to the spectral line shown
in illustration two. As for piece (c), one week after the original
analysis (March 31, 1988), a follow up analysis was performed, and the
same thing occurred. This indicates that their transition was of a "soft"
nature.
This is somewhat akin to the demagnetization of an electromagnet
following after a period of relaxation following the turning off of the
current.
Because the extraction experiments were conducted in Beijing and the
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X-ray analysis was conducted
2,000 kilometers away in Chengdu, and the
subject did not
know when
or
where the analysis would be done, what
instruments would be used, or who would be conducting it, so there is
reason to
believe that the changes in diffraction spectral lines indicate
corresponding changes in the crystalline structure.
In order to understand this change, we can first take a look
at the
general changes in material crystalline states.
T.
Tr
8.1.
1晶体
一慢冷6
2非晶(玻璃态)
1
3
十快淬冷却
过冷液体
5
液态
1
ILLUSTRATION FOUR: CHART OF MATERIAL COOLING PROCESS
1.
Crystalline.
2.
Noncrystalline (glass).
3.
Super cooled liquid.
4.
Liquid state.
5.
Rapid quenching cooling.
6.
Slow cooling.
NOTES: Te is melting point,
and between
Tg and
Tr is the temperature
range of the super cold liquid.
Crystals and
non crystals
under the appropriate conditions can change
back and forth.
For example, in order to obtain crystals, it
is possible
to control
a
temperature change process to melt the material until it
becomes liquid, and then allow it to cool slowly (as shown in line one in
illustration four), or, if one wishes to obtain non crystal, then it can
be quenched (as shown in line two in illustration four). In this manner,
if a melted material originally had a monocrystalline structure, following
line
two,
there will be
a
transition
from
a monocrystalline to
noncrystalline structure.
Conversely,
it
is
possible to change a
noncrystal to
a
monocrystal.
Furthermore,
at
temperatures below 40
degrees Kelvin, using a 120 KeV powered As + Sil - xGex (x = 0.16 to 0.29)
and silicon strain layer under goes ion injection, then the strain layer
structure becomes non-crystalline.
This is because the high energy ions
injected into the crystal collide with the silicon and germanium atoms of
the crystal
lattice and cause a shift of the points, thus destroying the
original crystalline lattice structure3.
Also, modern light information
storage technology uses high intensity (as much as 106 w.ch-2) laser to
cause the crystals on the semiconductor laser disk material to go into a
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molten state where the laser line hits them.
When
the light is gone,
these places can become noncrystalline through rapid cooling.
If they are
once more
shone upon with
a
wide pulse
low energy
laser, the non
crystalline structure can be changed back to crystallines.
The examples
above illustrate that under the effects of certain forms of energy, there
can be shifting back and forth between solids.
From modern science, we believe that we can
hypothesize that under
the
effect
of ESP, crystals are subjected to
a certain type of ESP
radiation similar to that of a laser or ion injection.
This
type of ESP
radiation is a type of matter and it has the nature of matter. It has
relatively strong energy. It can effect
the
shifting of
some lattice
long
term cyclical regular
points, thus affecting
or
destroying
the
arrangement of the original
crystalline lattice,
causing the
long range
ordered
overall
monocrystal
crystalline
lattice
change
to
microcrystalline.
This is to
say ,
through
the
effects
of
ESP, the
monocrystalline
silicone
is
caused
to
change
into
oriented
microcrystalline.
Oriented microcrystalline
free
energy
positions are
between crystalline and non-crystalline states, and are higher than those
of crystals and are also a
type
of
quasi stable state.
Due to the
oscillation of the crystalline lattice, after a period of time, it is
caused to revert back to its original state.
This is the relaxation
process.
In this manner, it changes from
a quasistable oriented
microcrystal to a more stable monocrystal.
Looking at current experiments and the attempts in the discussion
above, we still know too little about the effects of ESP of crystalline
structures. In order to further study this, a great deal of work has yet
to
be
done.
First of
all,
it will require the capture of even more
positive examples and detailed examination
of the relevant phenomena,
including the use of different instruments to analyze the test samples and
having the experiments repeated by different persons with ESP abilities.
This is especially so because the changes are not permanent. In addition,
follow up experiments can help us understand the patterns of some of the
changes, and the follow ups should start quickly and the intervals between
the follow up experiments should be shortened, repeating the effects on
the objects in which changes have been generated, to test whether or not
permanent changes can be generated.
This is very significant work.
Because it provides convincing evidence for whether or not ESP can affect
crystalline structures. Finally, there should be ion injection and laser
simulation experiments conducted with the results compared to those of ESP
experiments.
This would be of positive significance in clarifying the
questions.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Lin Shuhuang et al, "ESP Research", No. 2 (1984), pp 61.
Chen Zuyin et al, "Journal of Biophysics", No. 3 (1987), pp 93.
Luo Xin et al, "ESP Research", No 3 (1985), pp 13.
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2. Wu Banghui et al, "Chinese QIGONG", No. 5 (1985).
3.
Application Physics Letter, Vol. 54, No. 1 (1989), pp 42
4.
Luo Qinsheng, Rong Ailun,
"Noncrystalline Semiconductors", Xian
Jiaotong University Press, (1986(, pp 197.
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OBSERVATION OF THE ABILITY OF BREAKING THROUGH SPACIAL BARRIERS
USING ESPECIALLY LARGE RECEPTICALS
BY:
Song Kongzhi, Zhou Liangzong, Li Xianggao, Zhong Jian, Miu Yanchun
( Institute of Space Medicine Engineering, Beijing)
SUBJECT WITH ESP: Zhang Baosheng
A
wooden
cabinet
120
by 180
by 60 centimeters was used as a sealed
container.
Sheets of papers and boards with one-of-a-kind markings were
as
the target
objects and placed inside the cabinet on the upper
shelf. Without damaging the cabinet or opening the door, the person with
ESP was
able to remove the target objects and also was able put them back
inside.
This demonstrates that even when using especially large container
it is possible to completely break through spacial barriers, however, the
success rate was much lower and was exceptionally difficult.
FORWARD
The ESP ability to break through spacial barriers has already been
demonstrated objectively by science using a container with dimensions of a
dozen or so centimeters long1,2. However, will this work with even larger
containers?
Is there a limit to the size of the container? The goal of
this experiment was to explore the limits of this ability.
METHODS OF THE EXPERIMENT
The experiment apparatus was an ordinary vertical cabinet
1.8 meters
high, 1.2 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep.
Illustration one
shows the
experiment cabinet (vertical cabinet A)
used in the 1988 experiment.
At
the top of the
cabinet
there is a
transparent plexiglass shelf.
It is sealed on top, bottom, left and
right. It can be opened from
the
front
or
rear to place the target
objects inside. At the bottom of the cabinet was a low light video camera
aimed directly at the top of the cabinet. Also, it was held in place with
a two centimeter thick plate.
After the doors were closed, they were
sealed with a built in lock.
Illustration two shows the experiment cabinet (vertical cabinet B)
used in
the 1989 experiment.
The video camera was held in place in the
upper left hand corder of the cabinet by a two centimeter thick plate. By
use of a mirror it was possible to photograph objects in the bottom of the
cabinet. After the doors were closed, three methods were used to ensure
they were sealed.
First, three metal wires or conductor wires were
fastened to the right door and went through the shelf inside and then tied
securely to the left door. Second, a nail was driven through the frame of
the
right door into the vertical frame member of
the
cabinet ten
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centimeters from
the bottom,
thus securing
the right
door.
Third, two
built in locks.
After the door was closed, the widest gap at he
hinges was no more
than 1.5 mm.
The experiment in 1988 did not use a low light video camera, and only
used external taping. The goal was first
to ensure
that experimental
results could be obtained, and to do our
best to
prevent any possible
interference from a low light camera.
In the 1989 experiment, we began using a low light
video taping from
inside the cabinet.
1
1
2
O
6
4
-1800-
1800-
/1
1
2
3
1
L
1
1
-
-
7
U
-
600
600
-
-
-1200
ILLUSTRATION ONE
EXPERIMENT CABINET (A)
1.
Target object separator
2.
Low light video camera
3.
Holding plate
4.
Built in locks
EXPERIMENT CABINET (B)
1.
Low light video camera
2.
Separation plate
3.
Mirror
4.
Target objects.
5.
Sealing conductor wire
6.
Built in locks
7.
Sealing nail
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Prior to each experiment we always directly opened the door or used
low light observation methods to check the the objects inside the cabinet
and the cabinet was sealed. We always videotaped these checks in order to
have video records and for verification.
After the seal was ascertained,
the experiment personnel did not leave
the site of the experiment until
the experiment had begun. From
the time
the experiment begun there was
continuous video taping.
In all we conducted experiments on 21 days.
For any
experiment to be deemed
a success, the following standards
had to be met.
1.
The cabinet
had
to be checked prior
to the experiment to
determine the test objects were inside.
2.
After
the
experiment cabinet
was checked, there were always
experiment personnel at the scene, and there was a continuous video taping
from the beginning of the experiment on.
3.
There
were one-of-a-kind
marks
on
the target objects. The
thickness of the target object had to exceed two millimeters.
The person with ESP was Comrade Zhang Baosheng.
RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT
For the general results of the experiment, see table one.
From this
table we can see that of the 21 experiments, seven were successful, eight
were not successful, and six were doubtful.
So-called doubtful results include the following situation:
1.
Prior to the formal experiment, there
was no
time to check and
make a video of the objects inside the experiment cabinet, therefore it is
impossible to determine whether or not the test objects had actually been
moved into or out of the cabinet.
2.
Prior to the experiment
the contents of the experiment cabinet
were checked and video taped, and there was
a video record.
Control of
the experiment cabinet was not lost.
However, there were movements of
flashes or shadows across the low light images, and it was impossible to
determine if it was
a light phenomenon of the ESP itself or movement of
the doors.
In summary, when it was impossible to determine the veracity in these
cases, and it was also not possible to determine that they were failures,
they were all called doubtful.
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As for manifestations of ESP
but
without
success,
these
were all
called failures.
From table
one we can see that the person with ESP could move the
test objects into the cabinet as well as out of the cabinet.
The heaviest test object was the wooden block moved into the cabinet
on 23
March of
1988.
It weighted 85.27 grams and was 3.5 by 4.8 by 8.2
centimeters. The test object with the largest area
was
the
16 Kai
"mission document" moved out on 30 March of 1988. On this document, ten
people had signed their names in ten different colors.
The interesting
thing was that the person with ESP did not move it out all on one occasion
but
first moved out
one
page, and
then
moved
out the cover, see
illustrations
one
and
two
on
cover
three (translator's note:
unavailable).
On 23 March, 1987, the ESP
manifestations were
the strongest.
The
experiment personnel entered
the
laboratory
at
0:800 in the morning,
checked the state of the experiment cabinet and videotaped. They placed a
"Technical Document Registration Form"
on which had been handwritten
"Zhang Baosheng, 1988.3.4) and a piece
of
three
layer plywood
in the
plexiglass isolation box at the top of the cabinet.
They closed the doors
and locked the cabinet.
After the person
with
ESP arrived
at the
laboratory, they took continuous video tapes.
First the registration form
was removed and then the piece of plywood was removed. The average person
would find this unimaginable. Illustrations three and five on cover three
( translator's note:
unavailable)
are photographs of this registration
form.
Illustration four
of cover three (unavailable) is a photograph of the
piece of three layer plywood.
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1 日
期
2.成
功
3 不 成功
√可疑 5录
像
88. 3.16
3 不成功
3.18
+可 疑
3.21
8 移入3mm 厚纸板
外部录像 し
3.23
” 移出纸一张
10移出三合版,重38.71克
外部录像し
卜移入木块重85.27克
.
3.28
以移入三合板二块
外部录像↓
3.30
ノ4移出委托书一份
4.8
15移入三合板
4. 11
儿移出共产党员杂志一本
4可 疑.
4. 18
4 可疑
4.20
3不成功
4.22
3不成功
4.25
3’不成功
4.27
3 不成功
4.29
4可 疑
89. 7.5
3不成功
7.12
17 移入计算器
微光录像 7
7.21
不成功
7.25
3 不成功
12. 18
“可 疑
12. 23
4可 疑
(1) 7次
(19) 8次
(201 6次.
TABLE ONE:
RESULTS OF MOVING TARGET OBJECTS INTO OR OUT OF THE CABINET
1. Date.
2.
Success.
3.
Failure.
4.
Questionable.
5.
Video
record.
6.
External taping. 7. Low light video taping.
8.
Moved in a
3 mm thick piece of cardboard.
9.
Moved out a sheet of
paper. 10.
Moved out a piece of three ply plywood, weighing 38.71 grams.
11. Moved
in a wooden block weighing 85.27 grams.
12.
Moved in a piece of three
ply plywood weighing 44.97 grams.
13. Moved in two pieces of three ply
plywood.
14. Moved out a document.
15. Moved in a piece of three ply
plywood.
16.
moved out a copy of Communist Party Member Magazine.
17.
Moved in a calculator.
The results of the
experiments conducted
on
13
April,
1988 were
listed as questionable.
This is because as of 10:00 in the morning none
of the test objects could be moved out of the cabinet, and it was decided
to end the experiment, so the experiment personnel and the person with ESP
left the lab. After returning to the lab at 11:00, the person with ESP
suddenly removed the objects from the cabinet. Since the objects in the
cabinet had not been checked prior to their being moved out, the results
cannot be deemed positive, and were listed as questionable.
On 05
July, 1989, the person
objects
out
from
the
bottom
with ESP attempted to move the target
the
cabinet.
Four
attempts
were
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unsuccessful.
After each
attempt, his hands and
forehead were covered
with sweat. He would wipe off the sweat and try again, and immediately
break out in sweat again. This is typical of unsuccessful examples.
In addition, looking at the overall results of the experiment, the
success rate was very low, with a success
rate of only one out of every
three times there were manifestation of
ESP. This does not include the
times the person with ESP came to the lab and subjectively felt that he
could not do it and was not willing to try, or there was no manifestation
of ESP.
DISCUSSION
1. The reality of this ability.
In any experiment listed as successful, prior to the experiment the
objects in the cabinet were checked. Thereafter, control of the cabinet
was maintained, and there was a continuous external video tape.
The
person
with ESP could not possibly directly open the doors of the
experiment cabinet. Furthermore, most of the target objects moved out of
the cabinet were in the isolation box at the top of the cabinet, and most
of the test objects moved inside ended up on top of the plate holding the
low
light
video camera.
This could not be accomplished by ordinary
conventional methods, only by extremely unconventional ESP ability.
2. Analysis of the reason for the low success rate.
The success rate for moving target objects out of or
into a large
container is much lower than the success rate for similar experiments like
removing pills from a glass medicine bottle.
This
indicates that the
process of
this ability is actually relatively difficult. At times his
arms would be covered with sweat and he still could
not succeed.
It is
very possible that for Zhang Baosheng, breaking through spacial barriers
with a container volume in the cubic meters approaches the limit of his
abilities.
The person with ESP also had this feeling, many times saying
that he could not accomplish this. The above stated positive results were
only accomplished when
the persons with ESP was in an exceptional ESP
state.
MISCELLANEOUS
From our observation of 21 attempts to move target objects out of or
into the cubic meter size large
container, we demonstrated that people
with ESP do indeed have this ability. However, the success rate is very
low, and it is very difficult.
It is possible
that it approaches the
limits of the abilities of persons with ESP.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Lin Shuhaung et al, "ESP Research", No. 3 (1982), pp 110.
2. Song Kongzhi et al, "Chinese Journal of Somatic Science", First Issue
(1990), pp 22.
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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH IN MAGNETIC FIELDS OF THE HUMAN BODY
BY :
Wu Qiyao (Beijing College of Science and Engineering)
In recent years, research into the physical properties of human body
fields has created an extreme amount of interest in China's science and
technical
fields.
Many research units have detected, from various
different scientific
angles, paranormal physical effects of ESP states.
This article only addresses the problem of the magnetic field of the human
body, and discusses this in combination with what we have
learned from
scientific experimental research.
Since 1980, people have observed that a person with ESP, Yu X X could
use the bottom of his lips or his fingers near the surface of the water to
attract a magnetic embroidery needle.
People also used highly sensitive
magnetic probe, the Japanese TR4100 frequency spectrum instrument system
to detect a 0.2 gauss magnetic field. Later, there have been a number of
units in China which have used various magnetic intensity devices and
magnetic measurement methods
to measure changes in the magnetic fields
when QIGONG masters were releasing an
"external QI" and under states of
ESP .
We have also used
many
times simple magnetic field measuring
equipment such as the CT-3 gauss
meter, the HST-1 milliteslar meter,
measuring 0.1 to around two gauss changes in magnetic fields. In the 1st
year, there have also measurements of 0.001 oersted
intensity magnetic
fields during ESP states by such units as the State Seismology Bureau, the
China Geology University and the Xian Electronics Science and Technical
University ( including the 212 Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and
Electronics) while doing everything possible to screen out interference by
the Earth's magnetism. We can see from this that many units have measured
and demonstrated the existence of paranormal magnetic fields of ESP
states.
However, at the same time, a number of questions have been
raised :
(1), Why are there large deviations among the results measured by
the various units, and why are there some units who got no readings at
all? (2), Is there any difference between the paranormal magnetic field
manifest during states of ESP and
the biomagnetism of medical research.
Why does the magnetic intensity level increase several times under states
of ESP?
(3), Can the magnetism measurement methods of classical physics
be used to directly measure the magnetic field of the human body,
and are
there any false readings in the measurement results? Focussing on these
questions we made the following investigations.
I. Currently, various units in China have conducted measurements of
human body magnetic fields.
The instruments and methods used can
generally be divided into three categories. There are differences in the
orders of magnitude in the results of the measurements.
These are mainly
caused by differences in the testing principles, methods
and equipment
(the individual variations caused by different test subjects will not be
discussed here).
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(1).
Using a Hall effector probe to
test magnetic
fields.
This
includes the use of magnetic sensitive semiconductor elements and the CT-3
Gauss meter. The HST-1 milliteslar meter also belongs to this category.
This category of instruments, because their sensitivity is low, are easily
influenced by environmental factors, and
it
is easy to generate false
readings when
measuring weak magnetic fields of the human body. This is
especially so because ESP can cause changes in the physical properties of
some materials (this has already been demonstrated by several experiments)
and these changes are difficult
to eliminate.
Because at
times the
reading of
the instrument may be generated by changes in the physical
properties of the instrument itself.
In addition,
various units
(including ourselves)
use the total results measured by this category of
instruments. All the readings were
taken without any screening
of the
strong earth magnetic interference.
Therefore, they cannot be taken as
scientific evidence,
and
can
only
be
considered
as observations of
phenomena.
(2).
The use of the principle of the magnetic reactions to measure
magnetic fields. This principly uses wire loops of 10,000 windings or
more connected
to an
extremely highly sensitive galvanometer to measure
magnetic
fields.
The
Beijing Science and Engineering College, the
Engineering Institute of Space Medicine and the Xian Electronics Science
and Technology College all conducted this type of tests. We have measured
changes of +3 X 10-0 coulomb when QIGONG master X X suddenly released his
external QI. Because (1), this method used the principle of adjusting the
location of the windings and the
fact that
the windings
only 1
react to
changes in the magnetic field to
screen out magnetic field interference,
they
cannot
actually
effectively
eliminate
strong environmental
interference. (2), There are few
examples
successfully using this
method.
Because of this,
this method is not an effective method for
measuring the weak magnetic fields of the human body.
(3). Testing using magnetic screen
technology and highly sensitive
magnetometers.
The magnetic fields of the human body are extremely weak,
and compared with the magnetism of the earth, they are only at a level of
10-9 to
10-5.
Even if this magnetic field is enhanced by several orders
of magnitude by ESP to a paranormal level, it still is much weaker than
the earth's magnetism.
Anyway, in addition to the magnetism of the earth,
there is also magnetic interference caused by the universe and ionosphere
( including magnetic storms) as well
as
the man made electromagnetic
interference in the cities. The level of this interference can be as much
as around 10-3, more than two orders of magnitude higher than the magnetic
field of the normal person.
Because of
this,
to effectively measure,
every effort should be made to achieve excellent magnetic screening, and
highly sensitive magnetism measurement equipment should be used.
Some
units in China have done a bit of work toward achieving this.
1.
The State Seismology
Engineering
Institute
4
Space
Medicine
have
Bureau
Office
of
Geophysics and the
cooperated,
using
the
national
zero
magnetism
space
experimental
laboratory (screening
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effectiveness can reach <2 X 10-4 oersteds).
They have used CHO-1 Model
Millioersted meters to measure magnetic fields (sensitivity can be as much
as 10-5 oersteds, with a frequency response of
DC-10Hz) to measure human
body magnetic fields of persons with ESP at
as much as (2 to 6) X 10-2
oersteds. The pulse peak reached 1.3 oersteds.
This experiment was very
scientific, but there were still some interference factors which were not
fully taken into consideration.
2. The China Geological College (in Wuhan) used a six layered alloy
magnetic screening
cylinder
to
screen
out
strong magnetic field
interference and used a CHO-1 model millioersted meter to measure human
magnetic fields.
The reading for the intensity of the magnetic field for
X
X
X
who
has
ESP abilities
was
3)
(1
X
10-3 oersteds, and
instantaneous peaks
reached (2 to 4) 10-3 oersteds. The effectiveness of
this method of magnetic screening is limited.
3. The Xian Electronics Science and Technolgy College and the 212
Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics used a 0.2 X 10-5
oersted SDM-A model digital magnetometer, using the calibrating equipment
of the
instrument itself, they adjusted the magnetic influence to zero,
and measured the intensity of someone with ESP at > 4.9 X 10-4 oersted,
which was the clonic pulse state.
Although this experiment could limit
the influences of the
earth's magnetism, its effectiveness was limited,
especially because it had no screening capability against space and man-
made electromagnetic random interference.
Therefore, its results cannot
completely eliminate outside magnetic interference.
II.
Discussion of the mechanism by which human body magnetic fields
are generated.
For the ordinary state of the human body,
there are no more than
three factors in the generation of the magnetic field. (1). The various
biological activities of the human body may generate
such bioelectrical
activity
as
electron
transmission, ion transfer and nervous electrical
activity, thus causing
biological
currents with different frequencies,
amplitudes and wave
forms, and
the accompanying
generation of weak
biological magnetic fields. (2).
The materials of
which the living
tissue of the human body is composed has a certain magnetism, and under
the influence of the earth's magnetism and other outside magnetic fields,
can generate induced magnetism.
(3).
Through the air or the food,
certain magnetic substances can be introduced into the lungs or digestive
organs of the human body and its tissues. The overall intensity of the
magnetic field composed of these factors
is generally in the order of
magnitude of 10-5 oersted, much lower than the earth's magnetic field and
outside interference magnetic fields.
Even
though there are wide deviations in the results of the
experiments, research and testing results of units in China, and there are
a number of theories about this, in a state of ESP, there is a fairly
stable, much higher magnetic field reaction, so it seems these are total
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of too great a significance.
As for why the
intensity of
the magnetic
field is increased by two or three levels of magnitude by the ESP state,
this clearly cannot be explained by
the principles of the generation of
the conventional biological magnetic
fields.
There have been those in
China who have proposed that under
a state
of
ESP, the human body
generates a "biological self-excited magnetic field", holding that the
characteristics of this sort of magnetic field would be "pulse, gradual
advancement, instantaneous
high intensity, and no fixed cycle". Whether
or not this
theory
can
be
established
must
await
experimental
demonstration.
In summary, I believe: The intensified magnetic field effect of the
state of ESP does
exist, but research into the magnetic fields of the
human body, from the mechanisms to the methods of measurement, all require
further exploration, research, and improvement.
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PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF IMPLICIT SPACE AND IMPLICIT MATTER
BY: Shao Guangda, Huang Yawei and Yan Lin
(Yunan Provincial Wenshan Normal School)
Somatic science has a history in China of more than ten years now.
Modern physics has been unable to explain the physical phenomena
of ESP
experiments.
The evidence obtained in ESP experiments is a serious
challenge to modern physics. There is a scientific revolution
waiting to
be born. China's famous scientist, Qian Xuesen has pointed out:
Research
in somatic science may lead
to a scientific revolution in the 21st
century, perhaps an even greater revolution than the quantum mechanics and
theory of relativity of the 20th century.
It may even lead to a second
Renaissance!
The many exciting results of ESP
experiments have informed us that
there may exist in the universe a world of implicit space and implicit
matter.
Because they have certain properties, for a long time they have
not been known or understood by man. It is just like man once only knew
about "visible
light", and did not know that on either side of the range
of "visible"
light
there were also
invisible electromagnetic wave
frequency spectrums.
He only knew the sounds within the range of 16 to
2,000 hertz which could be heard by the human ear, and did not know that
there were ultrasonic waves and subsonic waves on either side of the
sounds he could hear.
It was only with the development of modern science
and technology with its modern scientific instruments to expand his sense
of "sight", that he could truly understand them.
Then, what are implicit
space and implicit sound?
What paranormal
properties do they
have?
Below we make some inquiries around this
questions.
THE OBJECTIVE EXISTENCE OF IMPLICIT SPACE AND IMPLICIT MATTER
Actually speaking, implicit matter should be called the hidden state
of matter, and corresponding
solid matter should be called the explicit
state of matter. Somatic state
research is established on
the basis of
facts and scientific experiments.
For a number of years, in a number of
PK and extraction of solid objects, implicit space and implicit matter has
always been curling up all around us.
In letter transfer experiments, it is required that the letter be
removed from a sealed envelope. Ordinarily, when the letter is moved out,
the letter is placed on top of the envelope, and the envelope is still
intact. In our tests, we have come across this sort of situation, where
the letter was moved out into space, and the monitors could not see the
letter. Later this letter had flown into another room, or flown into a
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certain mail box, or had flown into a thermos bottle.
During this flight
in space, the letter was in an implicit state.
In solid objection extraction experiments, the
subject
is able to
extract from one to several cigarettes from a pack of cigarettes placed in
any location of a room and have the cigarettes enter a container in the
subject's hand.
The subject can extract cigarettes from a full pack in a
room several rooms away and bring them to his hand. When the object to be
extracted
is placed
in a cardboard box and then placed in a wooden
cabinet, or is sealed in a metal box and then placed in a cabinet or
sealed in a cardboard box and placed in a metal cylinder, and the metal
cylinder is placed in a large ceramic jar, and finally the jar is placed
in a cabinet, the subject can still remove the object to his own hands
without reaching in and touching it. These objects, while in flight, are
implicit.
This reminds us of the so-called poltergeist phenomenon. Actually it
is uncontrolled PK phenomena, such as in a certain room there a pot or a
pan or a dish or spoon will fall down in the middle of the room, and
before falling down, these objects were implicit.
Modern physics has particles and anti-particles,
matter and anti-
matter.
Could there be a connection between this and the explicit and
implicit matter As we have stated above, it is not difficult to know that
it is possible that there is implicit space which coexists with the
universe space of which we are aware.
THE EXPLICIT STATE AND IMPLICIT STATES OF MATTER ARE INTERCHANGEABLE
UNDER EXCITATION BY ESP
Under excitation by ESP, the explicit and implicit
states of matter
are
interchangeable.
This has already been demonstrated by many
experiments.
In a letter
transfer experiment conducted in a bedroom,
Little Hong transferred a
letter with written contents
out of a sealed
envelope. Eight minutes later she said the letter had already flown out.
The monitors checked the envelope and the letter was actually missing from
the envelope. This demonstrates that under the excitation of ESP, the
material
object which was
the
letter
had already switched from the
"explicit state" to the "implicit state".
When Little Hong said that the
letter was inside the folds of
the blanket on the bed, the monitors
immediately looked, they opened up the entire blanket, and did not see the
letter. The monitors folded the blanket and put it back where it was. At
this time, another subject, Little Ping, said the letter was really in the
folds of the blanket.
They went up and lifted up the blanket, and there
was the letter. This process indicates that the first time they checked
the blanket, it was not that the letter was not in the blanket, but it was
that the letter was still in the implicit state and could not be seen by
ordinary people. However, from the time when the blanket was refolded and
placed back where it had been until it was checked the second time, the
letter had switched back to the explicit state, so that we were able to
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see it. As we can see, there were two obvious transition processes the
letter underwent:
The explicit state was excited and it was transformed
to the
implicit state,
and from
the implicit state it was excited and
transformed to the explicit state.
Furthermore, the letter remained in
the implicit state for a period of time.
In one cigarette extraction
from
a
solid object experiment, the
cigarettes excited into space were six Beijing brand cigarettes. At that
time the subject was only able to catch two, and the other four remained
in the implicit state. One month later, he went to the same place for an
experiment, and caught two more Beijing cigarettes. There were still two
more Beijing cigarettes which to this day remain in an implicit state, and
without a certain excitation,
these
two
Beijing cigarettes will never
return to their explicit state.
In addition, in the examples of reports of UFO's about which people
are so concerned, there have been mention of unidentified flying objects
which are sometimes there and sometimes gone. We believe that it these
are the same type of thing.
OBJECTS IN AN IMPLICIT STATE HAVE THE SAME INTEGRITY AS IN THE
EXPLICIT STATE
On one occasion, we tied 20 cigarettes up with a string, and sealed
them up in a cigarette box.
During the experiment, the subject did not
know how the test objects were sealed up. In this experiment, the subject
extracted not
just
one
cigarette,
but
string of 20 cigarettes all
together.
From the records of
many
experiments, no matter what object is
extracted, when
it is in an implicit state, what the subject "sees" is
always a complete shape, and it never
breaks up.
Nothing more than
changes in size over time and the edges become blurred. For example, the
subject "sees" the letter as
a flat piece of white light, "sees" a
cigarettes as a short thick white light, or a beam of long white light.
She "sees" an aura the same color as the flower hanging over the flower.
This type of "light"
and
"color"
cannot
be seen by ordinary people.
Objects which have returned to the explicit state from the implicit state
have all been the original object.
We have never detected an extracted
piece of paper or cigarette which became half a sheet of paper of half a
cigarette.
OBJECTS IN AN IMPLICIT STATE POSSESS THE SAME PROPERTIES AND EFFECTS
AS OBJECTS IN AN EXPLICIT STATE
Every object must have its own properties and effects such as a knife
can cut off branches and a hammer can beat on things.
Experiments have
demonstrated
that
when
they
in an implicit state, they similarly
possess the same capabilities and effects.
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Little Yun has excellent abilities to pluck flowers from a distance.
She has been tested on this flower plucking ability many times at the unit
hospital, the Prefecture Hospital, the Prefecture Peoples Congress, the
Prefecture CPPCC and at schools, all with success. However, there was a
period of time when she came to tell her teacher that she could not do it
any more.
They she happened to see her father shaving, and she thought,
why not use a knife on the flowers.
The result was that she succeeded.
The flowers were inspected, and it
was discovered that the flower stems
showed signs of having been cut with a knife.
After many tests of having Little Ping recognize block characters, we
discovered
item she had recognized, the characters all
showed signs of being cut with a knife, and some characters had even been
cut out.
For example, one
test item contained the words "five, talk,
four, beautiful, three, hot, love".
We stacked them up and placed them
behind a picture on the wall.
After she had recognized them, she said
that the word "three" had been dug out,
and this block of the character
"three" flew into Little Ping's hand.
Even characters written on
cardboard were dug out after she had finished recognizing them.
We asked
her why this was the case, and she said that in every test she saw a knife
before her eyes, and it was this knife that cut up the characters.
UNDER THE EXCITATION OF ESP, MATTER CAN BREAK THROUGH SPACIAL BARRIERS
In ESP experiments, solid objects, under the excitation of ESP, can
move into and move out of
sealed containers.
We discovered that when
these objects were breaking through
spacial
barriers, it was extremely
easy when
in the implicit state.
For
implicit matter "flying" through
space, it is if barriers do not exist.
It
can pass
through any visible
object such as walls, metal plates, wood boards, and plexiglass, freely
moving in and out and back and forth.
Furthermore, we discovered that
when implicit matter is in motion
it is
vibrating and it has a certain
oscillation frequency. During
one
extraction experiment, the subject,
Little Hong, held in her hand
a transparent plastic box,
and when the
cigarette came, it was immediately encased in the box, and the cigarette
was standing in the box vibrating and giving off a humming noise.
In an extraction experiment in May of 1989, a cigarette went into
Little Chun's clothing
and the humming cigarette ran around
in her
clothing like a little fish, and did not stop for quite a while.
This illustrates that when matter is excited to an implicit state, it
vibrates and moves at a certain frequency.
In
an
implicit state, it
passes through any obstacle with extreme ease. Furthermore, it only takes
a minimum of time, or tends toward no time at all.
In reports of UFO
phenomenon, flying saucers are sen on different sides of the earth at the
same time. Using this property, it is relatively easily explained.
MOVEMENT OF IMPLICIT MATTER IS SUSTAINED AND INSTANTANEOUS
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The flight in space of implicit matter may not be restricted by time.
From the results of experiments, there are two aspects to this as follow:
One is that under excitation by ESP, after matter enters an implicit state
from an explicit state, the intended event can be completed in an instant.
On the other hand, at times it has corresponding stability and continuity,
and it takes a certain length of time to complete a process. Therefore,
motion of implicit matter
is controlled by the effects of ESP, is
selective, and is not seriously restricted by time.
These viewpoints are very naive, and they are presented for reference
for others with common interests.
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THEORIES OF PSI
BY: Xiong Zhehong
THE MONISTIC THEORIES OF PSI
IDEALISM
Modern science
operates under the direction of materialist theories.
Materialism holds that
either
the soul does not exist or it is a
phenomenon connected to the brain. Under the latter conditions, the soul
is caused by the brain, but it
cannot influence the brain.
However,
because sensation itself in not physical, so it is very difficult to gain
support
for hypothesizing
the
existence of matter and
the material
universe based on this stance.
In addition, empirical evidence indicates
that PSI is not constrained by factors of space, time or physical cause
and effect, and the soul can cause a direct effect on matter.
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Julian Ochorowicz hypothesized that the soul reaction phenomenon is
the result of effects caused by electromagnetic waves.
This type of
electromagnetic wave is generated by the sender's brain and is received by
the sensor's brain. In 1929, Austrian Clinical Psychologist Hans Berger
used brain photography techniques he invented to discover brain waves.
However, because these brain waves cannot be detected
more
than a few
millimeters from the brain, he proposed that the psychic response was done
over (psychical waves).
Russian Engineer
Ippolite
Kogan
postulated
that
extrasensory
perception was carried over extremely lo frequencies.
Michael Persinger
also believed that extremely low frequencies were used
in PK and in ESP.
These type of waves encircle the earth, and even if they were not emitted
by the brain, they were used to generate paranormal phenomenon by altering
the electrical potential of the brain. Extremely low frequencies cannot
be stopped with a "Faraday cage".
They completely encircle the earth.
The intensity of the waves almost does not diminish. In this way, their
use in the role of a medium for PSI is consistent with
the fact that the
Faraday cage and distance are not obstacles.
The
brain
activity of
the
sender could
be
transformed
into
electromagnetic waves, and these electromagnetic
waves could also be
transformed
into the sensor's brain activity.
This is theoretically
possible.
In
this manner,
psychic perception
could be
explained.
However,
how
could
electromagnetic
Waves explain clairvoyance
or
precognition.
This is a problem.
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BASIC PARTICLES
Several physical or quasiphysical basic particles are believed to be
used as mediums for PSI. German theoretician Forel proposed that ESP was
transmitted over the medium of electrons.
This type of electron medium is
transmitted from
the brain of the sender of the extrasensorily perceived
object to the brain of the sender.
American
Engineer A. L. Hammond
hypothesized that neutrinos were
the carriers for PSI. Neutrinos travel
at the speed of light, and can pass
through objects on earth as if they
were empty space. Swiss Engineer Haakon Forwald believed that PK might be
accomplished through neutrons, but even more possible was that PK was that
the earth's center of gravity - possibly
the psychic of the sender used
gravitons - to affect the objects.
Andrija Puharich advocated that PSI
was accomplied by the carrying of information on protons. The hypotheses
that ESP uses basic particles which have relative matter penetrating power
as a medium avoids the the various difficulties of the electromagnetic
wave theory explanation in explaining why physical barriers do not stop
ESP.
However, how
can basic particles which can penetrate matter
be stopped by the brain of the sensor.
People are not too clear on this.
ANTIMATTER
American theoritician J. C. Russell hypothesized that antimatter is
actual solid matter, and it may explain PSI. This is because when people
are
released from the restricitons of matter, it can generate psychic
perception, long range version, precognition, PK, dematerialization and
floating, and might also generate apparitions.
However, antimatter only
appears and exists at the instant it comes into contact
with matter,
because they always destroy each other when they come into contact. This
fact presents serious difficulties for this hypothesis.
BIOPLASMA
An integrated energy network composed of a mixture of electrons and
photons is called bioplasma. This was proposed by Soviet physicist Victor
Inyushin as something
similar to organism energy.
He
believed that
bioplasma definitely
has an organic structure even though
it can exist
outside of the
realm of organic material.
Genady Sergeyev of the
Leningrad Institute
Biology
has
hypothesized
that
under certain
conditions bioplasma can lead to PK. Rogo believes that
it could be the
occurrence of ESP (or as the
Soviets call
it biological communications).
basis for
materialization.
It is also believed to be the medium for the
We must remember that the existence of bioplasma is still in doubt and its
role in PSI has not yet been systematically described, so it is impossible
to ensure strict investigative reliability.
COMPREHENSIVE PATTERN OF DIFFRACTION
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Holographic
11
Universe "
London University Physicist David Bohm has proposed a hypothesis that
the entire universe is a comprehensive pattern
of diffraction.
This
comprehensive pattern of diffraction is a three dimensional pattern formed
by wave interference models. The entire pattern can also be reconstructed
from any portion of the overall pattern of diffraction. If the universe
is a comprehensive pattern of diffraction, then
its
entire body of
information can
be contained
in any portion.
Stanford University
Neurologist Karl Pribram believes that the individual's brain is one point
on the universe comprehensive pattern of diffraction.
The brain has a
information included in the comprehensive pattern of
channel to all the
diffraction.
In
this way, during PSI states, there is no problem in
information transmission because this information is already everywhere.
However, even
if the comprehensive pattern of diffraction of an object is
three dimensional, it is only an empty pattern.
It would at the most
include information of reflective errors on the outermost surface of the
object and would not provide information
on
the inside of the object.
Therefore, the hypothesis of a comprehensive pattern of diffraction only
provides
a
type
of
relative theory and does
no
provide physical
practicality.
STANDING WAVE
Soviet Scientists
Dubrov and Puskin believe that thought and images
are standing waves produced by the brain. They are like the standing wave
generated by shining light on hologram negatives. Standing waves appear
in their latent forms at every point in the universe at the same time.
The interaction
between
the standing
waves generated by the brain and
photographic
film
can
explain psychical photography.
Furthermore,
different wave
activity processes in the brain can be viewed as processes
in a brain with
the same structure.
These wave activity processes can
directly interact
and lead to the generation of ESP. However, currently,
the generation of standing waves by the brain is only hypothetical, and
their existence has not yet been proven.
RESONANCE
Ninian Marshall has proposed the hypothesis that two kinds of complex
structures with a relative degree of complexity and similarity such as two
people's brains, can influence each other, through direct vibration or
resonance .
This theory, in addition
to lacking evidence for resonance,
also cannot
explain such ESP manifestations as in choosing simple objects
such as calling a card.
British Zoologist
Rupert
Sheldrake
has proposed
a
theory that
organisms have
a type of form
generating that causes growing plants and
animals to attain their form.
Through form resonance
or harmony, it
produces the past or present form of members of the family and species.
Several experiments used to check out this theory have already produced
initial results.
These experiments use a comparison of the difficulty of
learning or sensing through ESP what someone else
is familiar
with and
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learning or sensing new material.
However, they can be explained by using
supernatural influences commonly believed.
In addition, form generating
fields and their properties have not yet been appropriately explained.
THE DUALISTIC THEORIES OF PSI
THE THEORY OF PARALLEL BODY AND MIND
One dualistic explanation of the relationship between the spiritual
and the material is the theory of parallelism.
The relationship between
the spiritual and the material is one of predestinate harmony or
predetermined synchronism. There is no interaction between
the two, but
they are in concert with one another. This is their natural property.
LIFELESS SPIRIT
'The
German
Philosopher
Laibunizi (translator's note:
phonetic)
proposed a theory that the universe is composed of unitons and that each
one of these unitons was conscious of the universe. He hypothesized that
matter,
even lifeless
matter all had consciousness, and in modern
scientific technical
terms, has ESP. According to this theory, this type
of consciousness should belong to the
category of spiritual and material
parallelism and spiritual and material predetermined synchronism, and not
the product of interaction between the spiritual and the material.
There are several similar theories such as Cleve Backster's proposed
theory of primordial consciousness.
This theory holds that ESP can appear
in both living organisms and lifeless material, and can be traced down to
the subatomic levels.
On the other hand, it is also possible that PSI
only appears in bodies
composed
of integral organic elements such as
cells, an organism,
a family
or tribe or an international society or
religious group. Actually, PSI can occur in any element of a portion of
any organic structure.
For
example, during PSI experiments when PSI
appears in people taking
part
in the experiment, the persons become
voluntary functional units.
NON CAUSALITY
Austrian Biologist
Paul Kammerer
expressed this idea of his as an
expression of the nature of a principle of
the universe. He calls it
seriality.
It operates
independently from
the causality of physics to
coordinate similar events.
If this principle exists, then it can explain
certain paranormal phenomena.
Carl Jung believed that paranormal events were certain significant
coincidences. This type of coincidence was based on the existence in the
universe of non causal orders. He called this type of order synchronism.
To use an example to explain synchronism, he related an event. There was
a woman who told him about a dream she had about a scarab type bug. In
the process of relating the dream, a similar beetle appeared on his window
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other duality models.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPATHY
This theory holds that the spiritual can affect the material, and
conversely, can be affected by the material. In the modern age, there are
many more PSI scholars who accept this type of duality theory than accept
other mind and matter theories.
THE SIXTH SENSE
Meyers pointed out that paranormal information is delivered to a body
through a non specialized and heretofore undiscovered sixth sense. This
sixth sense can
only enter the realm of
consciousness
through
a
specialized sense
organ. Although scientists have not yet discovered the
sensual organ for this sense, it may exist in the brain.
CONTROL THEORY MODEL
The explanatory models for the PSI transmission system
are:
The
individual uses ESP to obtain information in the surrounding environment,
and depending on his wishes or requirement, he uses PK to generate an
effect.
The psychic feedback of the PK behavior causes organisms to be
able to direct its behavior according
to the information
it receives.
This type of model
for perception
is psychobiological.
When using
feedback to coordinate behavior, it is a control theory.
This model of
Stanford's is: The PSI model instrument reaction (PMIR) because organisms
gain information using ESP as a tool, and use PK as a tool to influence
it.
Because he proposed the conforming behavior theory, he has refuted
the PSI control theory explanatory model.
PSI FIELD THEORY
The English Mathematician
Gerhard
Wassermann believes
that field
transmission of information is achieved by a hypothetical relatively tiny
quantum ( this type of quantum cannot interact with matter).
By not being
gobbled up by matter, this type of PSI field quantum can radiate its
energy over long distances and successively interact with a persons brain
or some lifeless matter.
Information is transmitted in this manner. In
order to explain precognition, he proposes a hypothesis. This holds that
these quantum fields replicate themselves, and these replicas change even
faster than their prototypes,
thus receiving information concerning what
is about
to happen concerning the prototype field. When evaluating this
hypothesis, one must remember that microquantum and behavioral fields are
hypothetical ideas, and their existence has not yet been proven.
William Roll
hypothesized
, every object, whether alive or
lifeless, has a type of PSI field similar to an electromagnetic field or
gravitational field. Under ESP, material or psychic events concerning the
object in question are replicated in the object's PSI field. This replica
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is passed
through the channel of the PSI field medium to the sensor's PSI
field and interacts with the sensor's
brain,
thus generating psychic
phenomena.
In addition to transmitting
information and energy to other
PSI fields ( this also causes PK),
it
also
stores
information and can
transmit
it
to other
PSI
fields,
thus
acting
as
a memory bank.
Psychometry and haunted houses are the products of interaction between the
PSI field and
the physical object or PSI field acting as the house's
memory storage.
Roll also revised the PSI field theory:
an individuals
PSI field
and
the PSI fields of the environment unite to form a PSI
structure. It can allow a person to contact psychically, places he went
to or persons he had met in the past. When a person dies, his individual
character remains in the environment, because he and his environment form
component parts of the same PSI structure.
Oxford University Psychology Fellow Sir Cyril Burt has proposed that
an individual's mind is the center of an active PSI field.
This field is
composed of mind particles which interact with his brain. He hypothesized
that an exchange of these mind particles can take place between a persons
mind and another persons mind, and thus produce extrasensory perception.
However, there is currently no evidence of the existence of PSI fields.
UNIVERSAL INTEGRITY THEORY
The universe is one entity and
all of
its parts
(both material and
spiritual) all depend on
this idea, it is
the foundation of mysticism-
the central concepts and learnings of the religions of India, Buddhism,
the Jewish religion, Christianity and Muslim
religions, as well as the
belief in astrology. Ancient astrologists believed that all events in the
macroscopic world and the giant system of planets and stars were reflected
in the microscopic world, which was the small world of
men .
This belief
led to the following views of alchemy:
Under the appropriate astrological
influences, it was possible to turn lead into gold.
Although Paranormal
phenomena does not depend on mysticism or astrological explanations, it is
a basic concept of mysticism and astrology and even quantum physics that
the
universe
is
interdependent entity and this view can be used to
explain PSI phenomena.
Between the various parts of the indivisible
entity of the universe there is no need for quantum to carry information,
because in this type of universe there is no difference between "here" and
"there", there is no distance to be travelled. All information and all
places can be attained.
SPACIAL WARPS AND CHANNELS
G. Shimeidela (translator's note:
Phonetic)proposed a hypothesis
that there existed within the universe another dimension which could cause
the time space continuum to overlap.
It is just because of the existence
of this other dimension that objects
very far apart in space can form a
contuum, so that
there is no distance between them and information
transmission does not have to travel
through space. This idea helps to
explain that there are no errors caused by distance in
PSI.
It can also
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be hypothesized
that events
far apart in time can form a contuum through
this type of overlap.
This
explains
the phenomenon of precognition,
because there would be no information transfer over time. Toben and Wolf
hypothesized
channels
between widely separated
time and space which
allowed PSI
to transcend
time and
space .
However, no one knows how to
test this theory.
UNIVERSE LINES
In images of the
traditional three dimensional universe, the basic
particles
are represented with a dot.
However, in Einstein's four
dimensional time and space continuum, basic particles
are described as
Lines.
In the four dimensional universe, part of this universe line
represents the past positions
of
this particle, and the other part
represents the future positions of the particle. Nash believes that these
universe lines connected people's minds to events far removed in time and
space, and provided a basis for PSI. Through a shift of Universe lines,
within the scope of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, information on
the state of certain particles could, without the use of any energy, be
transmitted to particles
in the sensor's brain.
Through the causal
effects of the past, information on the future states of the object coils
be passed on to the sensor's brain. The PK effect would also be caused by
particles in the brain, which would be passed through universe lines to
the particles of the external objects.
LONG RANGE EFFECT HYPOTHESIS
Einstein, Bodolisike (translator's note:
phonetic)
and
Rosen
announced an experimental idea, which was the famous EPR fallacy. In this
fallacy, two members of a pair of subatomic particles stuck together such
as photons or protons are separated, and then are observed. According to
the theories of quantum mechanics, these
two members
have a certain
physical state, such as spin, that would be opposite in value. It would
not be known which would rotate upward and which would spin downwards
until they were separated and observed. If, after separation, one of the
particles were observed to be spinning in a certain direction, then the
other particle would be spinning in the opposite direction, regardless of
how far they were apart. This requires the transfer of information at a
speed greater
than
that
of
the speed
of light. Einstein used this
experimental
idea
as
the
basis for opposing
the
theory of quantum
mechanics with which he
did not agree, because this theory contained the
element of probability.
However, since then, a number of physicists have
performed laboratory
experiments in order
to support this theory of
quantum mechanics which is
in opposition to the EPR argument. Two of
these were American
Physicists John Clauser and Abner Shimony. They
reached a conclusion :
The results of the experiment must led to one of
the two following conclusions. The first conclusion is that when the spin
of the first particle is observed, the spin of the second particle is
determined at
the same time.
Under these conditions, one is forced to
recognize the existence of the simultaneous long range effect.
The other
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conclusion is that before the spin of the second particle is observed, it
cannot be determined, and it is not real.
As Nash sees it, the first of these two possible conclusions, the
long range effect, could be seen as the same thing as PSI.
Following the
same train of
thought, the
British Physicist C.
N.
Villars further
proposed the hypothesis that
the long range effect between these two
particles could be used to explain extra sensory perception.
One of thee
particles in the brain of the sensor, and the other particle would serve
as the target object. He believed that a chain of interacting particles
connected
the
different
of
members
8
pair of formerly connected
microphysics particles.
OBSERVATION THEORY
As stated above, the second conclusion of Clauser and Shimony, which
was that prior to being observed,
the physical nature of this particle
does not exist. The observation theories of PSI are consistent with this.
The observation theories are based on the theories of quantum mechanics.
The theories of quantum mechanics hold that a physics system (such as an
atom) has
countless states expanding in space, forming one called the PSI
(not to be confused with the PSI of
PSI
theory) wave function.
This
particle does
not
exist
in
one
of
its states only, but exists
simultaneously in all of its states.
When the physics system is tested,
or when
this particle is observed, its wave function shrinks from all of
the states of which it consists into a single state. It is only at this
time that it exists in a certain location in space. According to the PSI
observation theory, in the brain
or
a
target
object, a particle wave
function, under
the process of observation, shrinks into a certain state
until these states are the same.
At the present time, there are
several variable phase observation
theories.
The
first
proposed
by American Physicist Evan Harris
Walker.
He united the complex consciousness of he observer
toward the
physics system and several
the hidden variables some quantum physicists
believe cause the shrinking
of the wave functions.
Because the hidden
variables are independent in space and time, the observer can cause the
wave functions of these particles separated by time and space to shrink,
thus causing
their uniformity.
This provides an explanation for
simultaneous extrasensory perception, precognition and PK.
Copenhagen
University's Richard Mottuch
has
proposed that it is not necessary to
select a hidden variable, that
the consciousness of the observer will
change their distribution and cause the wave functions to shrink at will.
Another variable phase observation theory
is
that
proposed
by Helmut
Schmidt. He hypothesized that a PSI acted to influence the probability of
the occurrence of an event through a psisource.
Similar to this is the
hypothesis by Australian Physicists James Donald and Brian Martin of the
existence of energy or negative entropy in the direction of the past that
could be used in the future to alter the probability of events occurring
in the present.
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There have been three criticisms
of
sensory observation theories.
The
first criticism points out that this type of theory requires that
sensory feedback of the results of the effects of the psisource. However,
there are no experimental results which support this point. The second
criticism is that if present events are the result of future causes, it
would be necessary to use retro-PK to explain the various forms of PSI.
The third criticism is that if through the psisource the result precedes
the cause, then this theory would fall into a cause effect loop. Quantum
mechanics cause and effect loops have received the support of E. Walker,
the basis for this is: once measurement is completed, all of its factors
are shrunk at the same time.
Nash proposes a "extrasensory
observation
theory"
concerning PSI.
Based on this theory, the observation activity which causes the factors to
shrink could be ESP. Psi activities are composed of simultaneous and
indivisible ESP and PK. The theory of extrasensory observation avoids the
three criticisms of sensory observation.
First of all, it does not
require sensory feedback of test results, because extrasensory feedback is
an inherent part of this process. Second, it does not fall into the trap
of cause and result loops, because PK results and ESP results occur at the
same time. Third, it does not rely on retro-PK or any special form of
PSI, because PSI acts
independently of time and space and ESP and PK are
combined into one.
BRANCHING UNIVERSES
A quantum mechanics
explanation
which can
be
considered for the
problem of wave function shrinking is the explanation in quantum mechanics
explanation concerning multiple worlds or branching universes.
In this
explanation, wave functions, in the observation process, are not shrunk
from all possible states into one special
state, but are cracked into
their possible states, and each state appears in a different branch of the
universe. Making an ordinary observation is the combining of all possible
universes
into
single
universe
(from
this moment on, the observer
himself also belongs to this universe).
Fuojiniya (translator's note:
phonetic) Combined Industrial College Statistician Irving Good pointed out
that
in PSI, people with PSI
abilities psychically
perceive
all
possibilities, and
then, through
the
selection
of
one
of
these
possibilities, cause the occurrence of the desired event.
Abstracted and translated by Xiong Zhehong.
Translator's note: The author of this original
article, Professor
Carroll B.
Nash is
the former chairman of the "International Association
Of Parapsychology" in the United States. He is presently
chairman of the
United
States
Yueginfu
(translator's note:
phonetic) University
"Parapsychology Lab"
This article is a translation of chapter 15 of his
book "Parapsychology: The Science of Psiology", called "Theories of PSI".
Considering the various translations used
for
"PSI"
in China, none of
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which are very satisfactory, in my translation I kept the original English
word PSI, which always refers to ESP and PK.
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