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ENGLISH TITLE OF TRANSLATION
Instructional Material Of The Qigong Medical School
Introduction to Chinese Qigong
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full text
FOREIGN TITLE OF TRANSLATION
AUTHOR (S)
Ma Li-Di
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translation)
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Beiging Chinese Immunology Research Center
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INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL OF THE QIGONG MEDICAL SCHOOL
INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE QIGONG
by
Ma Li-Da
Beijing Chinese Immunology Research Center
( Qigong is "a system of deep breathing exercises" added
here by the translator)
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INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE QIGONG
MA LI-DA
February 1087
I.
STRENGTHEN THE CHINESE QIGONG POSSESSING
CHARACTERISTICS OF OUT COUNTRY
The Chinese qigong was born several thousand years ago, but
since then it has been born anew as the crystal of our country's
working people's wisdom. At the same time, it declares that, the
qigong which was made mystical
and monstrous
by
the
feudal
superstition and so that could not be understood, is finished and
dead.
From the old stage of naturally developing, the Chinese
qigong
has come to a fresh new era
in
which researches are
conducted
using modern scientific means.
Our country's qigong
possessing our country's special characteristics is different from
the old weak traditional qigong
in that, it has not only its own
unique thecries and practices but also it has been gradually
proved as the results of basic theoretical researches.
It is
closed related with modern sciences and modern medical sciences.
With its own scientific disciplines, it will serve our country's
construction of socialism and development of scientific development
of the world.
Various areas of studies are born and grow and are affected
by social backgrounds .
The Chines qigong study was proposed at the
Eleventh Party Congress Third Plenary Session, and it has become
a systematic policy of the Party.
Since the First National Qigong
Research Conference in August 1981, various branches of the qigong
study have coordinated and cooperated and exchanged their research
on basic functions of "qigong." In five years in the enterprise
of our
country's qigong research,
three branches
have been
National Medical Qigong Association, the Chinese (Many fields)
organized.
From the Chinese Qigong Research Conference the
Qigong Research Association and the National Gymnastic Qigong
Research Association of the Chinese Medical Association have been
developed. Thus, a broad road has been built for spreading and
developing the Chinese qigong possessing firmly unique Chinese
characteristics.
II.
CHINESE QIGONG AND MODERN SCIENCES
The
birth
and development of
Chinese qigong,
like
cther
scientific knowledge, represents the results of long term struggle
of mankind with the nature and environment (both
macro-world and micro-world) . Because of this, one branch of study
contains various broad fields; its basic research orientation is
not
and_ clinical
general testing
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( chemistry, physics, and physiology)
but it has developed
to
apply molecule and micro biology, electronics, electrochemistry,
magnetism, microwave and mathematics; and it penetrates into and
merges into various fields of sciences. It has deeply penetrates
so that its relationships and functions with macro-world and micro-
world can be explored.
In view of birth and change of knowledge structure, current
status of the topics and emergence of new expression forms due to
academic interdiscipline, its major types can be classified into
the following six kinds:
1.
Frontier science:
£
It points to the science where two or
three fields are interrelated , penetrates and forms the leading
edge .
2.
Transversing science:
This is the science which makes it
its object of study concerning certain uncommon
aspects of
structural layers and forms of movements of various substances.
3. Comprehensive sciences :
These are those sciences that make
particular problems and or goals as their research objects. Since
these problems are complex, a given science alone cannot fulfil the
objective of research; consequently, it is necessary to combine and
apply theories, methods and techniques of many sciences in order
to solve the problems.
4.
Soft
sciences :
These are high level
synthetic and
resourceful sciences.
Their research objects
do not involve
natural phenomena and scientific techniques, but they involve human
and social factors which have mutual relations and mutual functions
in various social phenomena.
5.
£
Comparative sciences :
Comparative sciences refer to the
totality of various comparative studies.
6.
Other newly developing sciences.
Under the above-mentioned situations of new scientific and
technological revolution, along with scientific developments, has
appeared the modern Chinese qigong science which contains the
characteristics of comprehensiveness and also containing our
country's characteristics.
III.
CHINESE QIGONG SCIENCE AND MODERN MEDICAL SCIENCE
Because of the revolution of new technologies, especially life
science and technology having reached widely the field of medicine,
human capability has developed towards non-human fields; these
developments have presented us new problems.
New technological
revolution has brought great shocks upon medical sciences; changes
in medical patterns have produced extremely profound influences
upon medical science. Because of this, width and depth of medical
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knowledge have fundamental differences from the previous medical
science;
their categories encompass
both
natural
and social
sciences.
Scientific
developments
and
interrelations among
sciences are becoming increasingly evident; those fields formerly
not closely related with medical science have begun to become
closely related
with medical science; medical
science also
traverses basic knowledge day by day. Thus, basic knowledge expand
horizontally and thus cause knowledge structures to make important
changes .
Based on the above-mentioned changing situations, medical
professional knowledge arrangements follow biomedical models and
evolve to bio-psycho-social medical models; thus changing the
original medical professional knowledge arrangements. Applications
of new technologies have brought about many problems. How well the
new
trends
will be adjusted demands
the medical
circle
to
understand
basic
and applied
medicine but
also understand
technological knowledge of other fields.
The arrangements of
technological knowledge have already
caused medical experts to
necessary arrangements, but along with
the new technological revolution and development, reliance upon
scientific technology of the medical
science
is increasingly
evident.
Various scientific technologies have been transplanted
into medical sciences and diagnostic and therapeutic means have
become modern, like electronic microscopes, X-ray computer fault
scanning, nuclear magnetic resonance, B-type ultra sound, etc.
Under the trend of new technological revolution, the Chinese
qigong study represents one of the sciences having characteristics
of comprehensive science.
And, development of modern medicine
requires developing the Chinese qigong science in the field of
medical research.
IV. BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINESE QIGONG AND OUTLINE OF THE STUDY
The Chinese qigong study originated from the human beings'
long struggle against diseases. As early as several thousand years
ago, according to the writing of (Luzi String and Autumn Annals
( Chunqiu) . Guyue) : At the beginning of Taotang Tribe (the tribe
to which Yao-Shun belonged), they had much rain and rivers flooded,
tides were wet and cold; consequently, people's mood was stagnant
and blood was silted, bones and muscles were tired and uneasy;
"therefore, they danced ( zuowu) and called it dao." "Zuowu" is
the first form of daoyin. Qigong is our country's oldest "daoyin,
"daoyin-xingqi, " sometimes called briefly "dao," "yin", and it the
part of xingqi is called " tuna (pushing out and admitting) ."
Consequently, qigong is the result of ancient people's struggle
against bad environment and their own sickness ..
Qigong has made itself a discipline, and come with its theory
and practice.
Results of experiments are the experiences
and
learned and formed gradually during several
thousands
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years.
The first recorded letters related with qigong were found
going back to the early
Era of Warring States ( about 380 B. C. )
in ( Xingqi- yuyongming) .
In
this document it is
written :
"In
xingqi,
deepness
is
accumulation; accumulation is
stretching;
stretching is bottom; bottom is settled; settling is solid; solid
is
budding; budding is long; long is returning;
returning is
heaven.
Heaven is above; earth is below.
Obeying is removing;
sending is dying." In ( The Era of Slavery System) Comrade Guo Mo-
ruo said as follows:
"Breath in deep means its volume is large,
and makes it go down and stretch and is settled to be solid; then
breath out.
Like budding of grasses and plants, going upward and
it takes the opposite route of that of getting in deep, and gets
out and retreating to the peak. In this manner, the heaven makes
to easy to move up, while the earth makes it easy to move down.
Following this means going; being against it means death. "
What
has been said means that, it already mentioned about a kind of
disciplined and adjusted breathing method, which is a kind of
tranquility skills.
During the Qin Dynasty ( 221-207 B. C. ) and the Han Dynasty (206
B. C. - A. D. 220), qigong became a kind of therapy of the Chinese
medicine; and there were already professional writings and at the
same time it was transmitted to the mass and spread widely.
For
example, (Hanshuzhiwenzhi) . (Huangti-Zazibu) twelve volumes and
( Huangti-Zibaianmo) ten volumes.
Among the medical books copied
on silk discovered in 1973 from the Zhangsha Mawangdui Han tomb
there were two volumes concerning qigong. One volume wrote about
breathing dacyin curing many diseases and the breathing methods
required during the curing; different methods for curing different
sicknesses. And the other volume was a book of diagrams; it had
about 40 pieces of pictures showing various body movements and
postures. Each picture had writings for explanation. From these
pictures and explanations, it is possible to see that different
kinds of sicknesses required different methods of qigong therapies;
this has embodied principles and characteristics of dialectic of
Chinese medicine. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, during the time
of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589), Tao Hong-jing
newly arranged historical sources into ( Yangxing-Yanming-Lu -- Book
on increasing strength and prolonging life). During the era of Sui
Dynasty (581-618) and Tang Dynasty. (618-907), qigong was approved
to incorporate it as an indispensable method of medical practice.
Since then throughout Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, many
famous medical books contained discussions related with qigong.
From the above, it can be seen that, theories and practices of
Chinese qigong have been the results of wisdom of working people
throughout several thousand years from ancient times of Cing and
Han to Song, Yuan, and to Ming and Qing dynasties. They have made
certain contributions to national defense, basic medicine, clinical
medicines and their developments.
V.
Present Status of Chinese Qigong Science
Every science has things and events existing in a certain
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defined territory as its own objects of study; and it has found
certain unique objective regularities of the things and events
within the given territory, and then it uses these objective
regularities to serve the society.
In the above, we discussed relations of Chinese qigong science
with modern sciences and modern medical sciences.
"Qi" discussed
in Chinese qigong science is not merely energy capability and
capacity of human body, but it encompasses energy of capability of
body and energy of intellectual capability, like energies already
known in physics such as electricity, heat, magnetic, sounds,
light, infrared rays, etc .; it is also possible that there can be
still unknown energies and information. All of these are problems
deserving considerations.
The basis of Chinese qigong science has
inseparable relationship with Chinese medical sciences.
one
scholar argued that Chinese medical science has gone through three
breakthroughs in the history.
The first of these started during
the times of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 E. C. ) and the
Warring
States
(475- 221 B.C. ).
During this period, under
influences
of
materialistic views
and
naive
dialectic
ideas
generated by many scholars, medical professionals developed medical
science from the theories, adopting sufficiently achievements cf
natural and social sciences of that time, transplanting many such
as
ideas of
Yinyang-wuxing ( five elements) and jing ( energy,
spirit) , qi (vital energy) , shen (spirit, mind), etc.
Thus they
covered and synthesized several thousand years' human medical
curing experiences and formed a comprehensive theoretical system
of Chinese medical science relating life phenomena, diseases of
human body and their treatments, And, thus they produced ( Huangti
Neijing), which is a brilliant great book. The book made it to
develop into clinical
medicine, started experiences of curing
diseases with plant medicines, further developed into curing using
many liquid forms, thus improving curing effects. They accelerated
the medicine to break away from mysterious sorcery, and made
medical theories and acupunctural techniques to be applied to drugs
and pushed them into a new stage. Then thereafter numerous facts
were proved and developed regularities objectively existing such
as jingluo (main and collateral channels, regarded as a network of
passages, through which vital energy circulates and along which the
acupuncture points are distributed) , zangxiang ( state of internal
organs), tianren-xiangying (heaven and men corresponding to each
other), etc.
This
represented the
first
scientific
and
technological breakthrough.
To consider the causes of this
breakthrough: On the one hand, there were many scholars rose and
there was created an environment in which many scholars could
debate and argue their theories and technologies.
On the other
hand, it is due to the fact that Chinese medicine belonged to the
ancient natural science's unified theoretical system, thus this
fact made it to be sufficiently open and had advantages to mutually
penetrate into many fields of sciences each other.
The second major development came when Zhang Zong-jing
completed it toward the end of the Eastern Han (25-220). His book
entitled ( Shanghan-Zabing-Lun -- diseases caused by harmful cold
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factors) presented
a dialectic therapeutic theory; thus it made
the ancient theoretical
medical
science to be combined
with
clinical medicine and organized its theories and various medicines
in a consistent line thus overcoming conflicts and inconsistencies
of the theories of (Neijing) against clinical facts. It improved
greatly not only curing the shanghan (diseases caused by harmful
cold factors) but also improved effects of curing communicative
diseases .
Dialectic therapeutic
theory
is
an
important
characteristic of Chinese medicine and led the entire Chinese
medicine in 1700's.
The third important development was the baqiyingxue (making
qi to generate blood) dialectic theory proposed by various doctors
in the Jiangxi Province represented by a man called Ye Tain-shi.
The theory explained the mechanism of causes, occurrences and
changes of fevers, and created substantially unique methods of
curing and medicines, thus improving effects of curing fevers.
However, it
is
worth noting that, from Zhang Zhong-jing
through Ye Tian-shi, all the many new and practical matters of
Chinese medicine did not separated from the theoretical framework
of (Neijing) , simply filling its volumes by refining it over and
over again.
As to the causes of forming this situation,
what
scholars did was that they changed from the open system of the
initial Chinese medicine
gradually toward a closed system.
Now
scholars
argue :
In
view
of
development of
sciences
and
technologies, Chinese medicine cannot escape from opening up again
departing from the closed state of affairs.
We can declare that,
Chinese must open once again
and definitely
it should make
developing of a nature of breakthrough, achieving higher level of
sciences leaving the isolative aspects.
Some other scholars argue: The moving force, speed and key of
the development of Chinese medicine lies in its own contradiction
and movement;
outside
environment
still
may be advantageous
conditions.
In
order
to utilize sufficiently
the
outside
conditions, take initiative to welcome the challenges of modern
sciences and technologies and should adopt cooperative strategic
ideas.
Cooperate
well Chinese and Western medicines, and
relationship between Chinese medicine and other sciences; thus
making Chinese medicine and pharmaceutical sciences to inherit and
develop
Chinese medicine's theory of qi.
Based on unique
principles such as Taiji and Bagua ( Eight Diagrams) cooperate well
various related sciences
following many routes to accelerate
development of Chinese medical and pharmaceutical sciences.
What has been presented above is the present day status of
development of Chinese medicine.
The developmental status of
Chinese qigong science is also closely related with the development
of Chniese medicine and has many, many relations. Therefore, when
Chinese medicine is situated at the closed stage, Chinese qigong
science has also received many pressures for many years, and its
original face was covered with colors of feudal superstitions. But,
recent years, along with scientific developments, Chinese medical
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sciences also have gradually become open.
Chinese qigong science
has become a new science and has characteristics of comprehensive
science, systems science, information science and control science.
Thus, it is situated at a development stage.
Not only the study
of fundamental nature of qi but also mechanism of qi are studied
from various angles of many sciences. So, superstitious mysterious
aspects seen in the recent past have been eliminated and it has
been pursued through cooperation and exchanges from many sciences
and has developed into a new science, but still it is a science
that contains several thousand years' basic practices.
These
recent years there have been more than one thousand pieces of
articles published.
For details, see the Appendix.
This is the
present status of Chinese qigong science.
In recent years, Chinese qigong science has come out as a
category of science ( like medical science) not only in the field
of basic theories but also in the field of application, and has
stepped
into comprehensive
research
with
various
sciences,
exchanges and applications from them.
Under such situations, a
mechanism corresponding to them has emerged.
Like science and
technology researches, in Beijing has developed Qigong Research
Institute.
Beijing Chinese
Medical
Research Institute
has
established a qigong specialization research organization.
The
Naval Main Medical Hospital
has established Chinese Immunology
Research Center whose major emphasis is on qigong immunology, and
at the same time it
has established, jointly with
Guangzho
In
the
University, Qigong Physics, Biological Testing Center.
field of educating
and cultivating
talents, because
of
its
characteristic
of
its
specialization,
the
first
of
the
comprehensive school
Chinese Ma Wang-Dui Quigong School.
All of
this explains that, Chinese qigong science has made a deep progress
not only in the research on its theories and practices but also in
educating and cultivating talents on the subject.
However, the
problem
requiring immediate consideration is how to establish
scientific attitude, despise superstition, encourage solidarity and
mutual cooperation and eliminate feudal superstitious
ideas.
Therefore, the present immediate research tasks of Chinese qigong
science is: Chinese qigong science must discipline its own science
and make it function for construction of socialism with our
country's characteristics and for development of sciences of the
world.
The research method of Chinese qigong science must be based
on
the basic principles
as
listed below:
(1)
Scientific
principle; (2) Objectivity principle; (3) Practicability principle;
(4) Theory-Practice combination principle; and (5) Generality-
particularity combination principle.
VI.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHINESE IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON QIGONG IMMUNOLOGY
Based on the principles mentioned above, we have to present,
first,
the concept of immunologic physics.
In other words, using
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theories of electricity, energy, electrodynamics, etc. and having
these principles as its leading methodology, it must carry out
research concerning immunities of organisms
relative to
their
cells, molecules, antigen, antibody and immunity sources. Along
with incessant deepening of research, we propose to make one step
ahead in the theories of immunologic macroscopics, immunologic
microscopics, gerontologic immunology, immunologic rehabilitation,
military
immunology,
immunologic
economics, clinical
qigong
science, and qigong voice modeling, etc. (Omitted here; see the
Appendices ) .
Under the leadership of these theories, we have
developed research topics list below:
1.
Observations on functions of qigong upon those troops
receiving
2.
Research on functions of qigong outer qi upon human tumour
cells.
3.
Functions of qigong outer qi upon rat ascites cancer.
4.
Functions of qigong outer qi upon cells of cancer of
uterus neck.
5.
Functions of qigong outer qi upon cells of gastric gland
cancer ( SGC-7201)
6.
Initial observations of microstructural changes of cells
of stomach cancer after scanning electric mirror was applied to
qigong outer qi.
7.
Observation of qigong outer qi causing distortion of
chromosome of cells of gastric gland.
8.
Functions of qigong outer qi upon bacteria.
9.
Functions of qigong outer qi upon virus.
10.
Functions of qigong outer qi upon virus hepatitis.
11.
Research on functions of qigong exercises upon those whose
surface
antigen is positive.
12.
Influences of qigong outer qi upon functioning of rat
immunity.
13.
Influences of qigong
outer qi upon IM
type antibody
generated
by
rat
and
its
influences
upon
spleen
cell
multiplication.
14.
Observation on whether qigong outer qi has relationship
with haemoglobin.
15.
Qigong outer qi's influences on red cell electric pulses
of 108 sample patients.
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16. Clinical practices of Chinese qigong science for difficult
complicated cases.
( The above listed researches have been presented first on
their respective specialty publications; then afterwards they are
also presented or published at different meetings and journals) .
At present,
The Chinese Immunology Research Center
has
gradually moved to clinical researches through basic researches,
and rapidly forming system models of medicine, immunology and
rehabilitation medicine possessing our country's characteristics.
These new models also, due to their all directions postures, will
reach wider areas of qigong immunology. These represent challenges
to us.
Before the challenges, it is necessary for us to propose
new strategies, concrete measures.
When the new and old models
revolve, obstacles of the old ideas must go through borrowing and
reexamining
modern
sciences,
dig out our country's various
potential forces and make them to move the old models forward and
gradually form systems and models of medicine, immunology and
rehabilitation medicine possessing our country's characteristics.
To summarize what have been said above, the Chinese qigong
science possessing our country's characteristics, from now on, must
make progress
forward with
theories and practices of modern
sciences, modern medical sciences and many other sciences, so that
it can run the road of a comprehensive science; at the same time,
we
must emphasize that we must break
and
eliminate feudal
superstitions, and at the same time, at associations, scientific
research meetings and academic meetings, under the leadership of
various levels of organizations and scientific researches, we must
cooperate each other and proceed together for the purpose of
construction of the father land's four modernization and progress
of the world medical science and health of humankind.
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