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TENTATIVE
Final Report (1977)
ADVANCED THREAT TECHNIQUE
ASSESSMENT (U)
.€
By:
HAROLD E. PUTHOFF
RUSSELL TARG
RADIO PHYSICS LABORATORY
EDWIN C. MAY
CONSULTANT
Classification Determination Pending
Protect as though Classified SECRET
SRI
®
STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Menlo Park, California 94025 · U.S.A.
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SRI
STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Menlo Park, California 94025 · U.S.A.
Final Report (1977)
Covering the Period 15 April 1976 to 15 April 1977
July 1977
-
ADVANCED THREAT TECHNIQUE
ASSESSMENT (U)
'
7
By:
HAROLD E. PUTHOFF
RUSSELL TARG
RADIO PHYSICS LABORATORY
EDWIN C. MAY
CONSULTANT
SRI Project 5309
Approved by:
DAVID A. JOHNSON, Director
Radio Physics Laboratory
RAY L. LEADABRAND, Executive Director
Electronics and Radio Sciences Division
Copy No.
32
of 50 copies.
This document consists of 126 pages.
SRI 7-4375
.
Classification Determination Pending
Protect as though Classified SECRET
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CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (U)
-
V
LIST OF TABLES (U)
ix
I
OBJECTIVE (U)
1
II
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY (U)
3
III
INTRODUCTION (U)
5
A
Background (U)
5
B.
SRI Program Content (U)
8
--
IV
LOCAL REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENTS
(U)
11
A.
General (U)
·
11
B.
Remote-Viewing Experiments with Sponsor
Participation (U)
12
C.
Content Analysis of a Local Remote-Viewing
Transcript (U)
18
1.
Psychologist's General Assessment (U)
18
2.
Sample Transcript Analysis (U)
18
a.
Comparison of Quotes from Subject with
Quotes from Outbound Experi-
menters (U)
21
b.
Comparison of Sketches Made by the
Subject and by the Outbound Experi-
menters During Remote Viewing (U)
23
c.
Selected Comments for a Comparison of
the Time Sequence Reported at the Site
with That Reported by the Subject (U)
25
D.
Tracking Persons Unknown to Subject (Abstract
Targeting) (U)
26
E.
Alphabet Experiments (U)
27
1.
Twenty-Trial Tests with Two Subjects (U)
29
2.
Remote Viewing of Alphabet Letters (U)
29
3.
Machine-Generated Targets with Feedback (U)
30
V
LONG-DISTANCE REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENTS (U)
35
A.
General (U)
35
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B.
Menlo Park to New York City (Grant's
Tomb) (U)
36
C.
Menlo Park to New York City (Washington
Square Fountain) (U)
37
D.
Quantitative Analysis of New York City Target
Transcripts (U)
41
E.
New York City to Ohio (Ohio Caves) ; Under
Sponsor Control (U)
46
F.
New Orleans to Palo Alto (Northern California
Bank Plaza) (U)
51
G.
Menlo Park to New Orleans (Louisiana Super-
dome) (U)
53
H.
Content Analysis of a Long-Distance Remote-
Viewing Transcript (Louisiana Superdome) (U)
53
VI
REMOTE VIEWING BY COORDINATES (U)
59
A.
General (U)
·
·
59
฿.
Experiments to Calibrate Remote-Viewing
Resolution Capability (U)
.
59
1.
Sylvania Laser Laboratory, Mt. View,
California (U)
60
·
2.
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevatron,
Berkeley, California (U)
67
C.
Real-Time Targeting (Minuteman and Poseidon
Missile Static Test Firings in the Western
United States) (U) . .
73
D.
Sponsor-Designated Targets in the USSR (S)
75
1.
Pilot Study (U)
83
2.
Soviet Site A (Ramenskoye Airfield)
(s)
83
3.
Soviet Site B (S)
88
4.
Ten-Site Scan (U)
89
a.
Subject El Scan of Site 2 (U)
90
b.
Subject I1 Scan of Site 2 (U)
91
VII
CONCLUSIONS (U)
97
APPEND ICES
A
SUBJECT E1 SCAN OF SOVIET SITE 2 (S)
99
B
-PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES POTENTIALLY APPLICABLE TO
PSYCHOENERGETICS (U)
107
REFERENCES (U)
113
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ILLUSTRATIONS
1
Golden Pavilion Restaurant, and Drawing by
Subject I1 of Divided Roadway. Trees, Steps, and
Buildings (U)
13
2
Hyatt House Hotel in Palo Alto, and Sketch Produced
by Subject in Menlo Park (U)
15
3
Mountain View Swimming Pool Complex, and Drawings by
Subjects I1 and H1 in Simultaneous, Separate
Experiments (U)
16
4
Stanford University Inner Quadrangle, and Sketches
Produced by Subject Inexperienced at Remote
Viewing (U)
17
5
Vallombrosa Chapel in Menlo Park (U)
20
.
6
Subject G1's Largest and Most Prominent Sketch
Compared with Debriefing Comments by Outbound
Experimenters (U)
24
7
Palo Alto Bowling Green, and Drawing by Subject
H1 (U)
28
8
Grant's Tomb, Used as Target in Coast-to-Coast Remote-
Viewing Experiment, 2 July 1976 (U)
38
9
Computer File Printout from California-to-New York
Long-Distance Remote-Viewing Experiment -- Target:
Grant's Tomb in New York City (U)
39
10
Washington Square in New York City, Used as Target in
Coast-to-Coast Remote-Viewing Experiment, 6 July
1976 (U)
40
11
Computer File Printout from California-to-New York
Long-Distance Remote-Viewing Experiment -- Target:
Washington Square in New York City (U)
42
12
Ohio Caves. Used as Target in Long-Distance Remote-
Viewing Experiment (U)
49
13
Target Used in Remote-Viewing Experiment -- New Orleans
to Palo Alto, 30 October 1976, and Sketches by
Subject S1 (U)
52
14
Louisiana Superdome, Used as Target in Long-Distance
Remote-Viewing Experiment from SRI, Menlo Park, and
Drawings by Subject G1, 31 October 1976 (U)
54
V
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15
Two Buildings at Sylvania Target Site, and Clay Models
Made by Subject I1 in Remote-Viewing Experiment,
Menlo Park to Mountain View, California (U) .
61
16
Photograph of Air-Supported Building at the Sylvania
Target Site, and Subject Il's Drawing of "Aereator"
(sic) Building (U)
62
17
Subject Il's Second Drawing of Sylvania Air-Supported
Building (U)
64
18
Two Sylvania Buildings, and Drawings by Subject
I1 (U)
65
19
Front-View Photograph of Manufacturing Building, with
Drawing and Clay Model by Subject (U)
66
20
Subject Drawing of Inside of "Heat and Light Machine"
and an Indication of "Transformers" on the Right
67
21
Photograph of Sylvania Gas-Transport Laser (U)
68
22
Berkeley Bevatron, and Sketch by Subject H1 (U)
70
23
Clay Model Made by Subject in Response to Coordinates
of Berkeley Bevatron (U)
71
24
Interior of Bevatron Building, with Sketch by
Subject H1 (U)
72
25
Two Views of Bevatron Building (U)
·
74
26
Drawing by Subject I1 of Dust Cloud Raised During
Rocket Engine Test (U)
76
27
Photograph of Dust Cloud at Rocket Test Site (U)
77
28
Drawing by H1, and Rocket Test Site Schematic Shown
for Comparison (U)
79
29
Photo of Test Bay Showing Test Firing of Rocket
Engine (U)
81
30
Remote Viewing by Geographical Coordinates of Dam Site
in the USSR (S)
85
31
Remote-Viewing Overview of Dam-Site Locale, Showing
Airport of Interest in the Lower Left (U)
86
32
Remote-Viewing Sketch of Detail on Runways and
Structures (Soviet Airport) (S)
87
33
Remote Viewing by Second Subject Attempting to Describe
Soviet Airport Target (S) .
88
34
Airplane Viewed by Subject to be on Ground at Airport
Site (U)
89
35
Rural Soviet Site (S)
90
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36
Sketch Generated by Subject El (Site 2) (U)
92
37
Subject Il's Overview of Site 2 (U).
93
38
Sketches Generated by Subject I1 (Site 2) (U)
94
39
Clay Model Generated by Subject I1 (Site 2) (U)
95
ʻ
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TABLES
1
Alphabet Series
-
32
2
Quantitative Analysis of the Grant's Tomb
Transcript
44
3
Quantitative Analysis of the Washington Square
Transcript
45
-
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I
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this program is to provide a basis for assessing
psychoenergetic processes as an advanced threat technology that could be
developed by the USSR. This study is to determine the state of the art
and evaluate the application feasibility.
4
1
3
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MANTRATIVE
II
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY
This report is the final technical report summarizing the work
performed under SRI Project 5309, Advanced Threat Technique Assess-
ment (U). The objective of this program is to provide a basis for
assessing psychoenergetic processes as an advanced threat technology that
could be developed by the USSR. This study is to determine the state
of the art and to evaluate application feasibility.
To carry out this task, SRI concentrated on the evaluation of a
particular human perceptual capability, a perceptual process called
remote viewing.
This phenomenon pertains to the ability of certain
individuals to access and describe, by means of mental processes, in-
formation blocked from ordinary perception by distance or shielding,
and generally accepted as secure against such access.
In particular, the phenomenon we have investigated most extensively
is the ability of a subject to view remote geographical locations, even
at intercontinental distances, given only geographical coordinates or a
known person on whom to target. The remote-viewing abilities of several
subjects have now been developed sufficiently to allow the subjects to
describe -- often in great detail -- geographical or technical material such
as natural formations, buildings, roads, interior laboratory apparatus,
and the like.
In a series of experiments extending up to 5000 km, we have not
found any degradation in accuracy or resolution as a function of in-
creasing distance. Furthermore, real-time tracking of the activity of
individuals has been accomplished over these distances. Such experiments
have included the successful real-time remote viewing by two subjects of
a series of solid-propellant missile static test firings in the western
United States. These events were designated as targets by the sponsor's
technical contract monitor and kept blind to SRI program participants
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until the series was completed and the data were submitted to the spon-
sor for evaluation.
:
Finally, remote viewing through the use of geographical coordinates
as
target designators has provided detailed descriptions of Soviet
military facilities designated as targets by the sponsor.
Sponsor
evaluation of the data is contained in a separate report.
-
As is generally true with human perceptual sources, the information
may be imperfect, and is therefore best utilized in conjunction with
other resources. Nonetheless, the data generated by this process exceeded
any reasonable bounds of coincidental correlation, and therefore may
constitute a valuable information source.
With regard to a potential Soviet threat, it is known that workers
in the Soviet Union have pursued work in the psychoenergetics field for
the past forty years. We must therefore assume that they have achieved
a level of proficiency similar to that reported here.
:
--
..
.
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MANTATIVE
III
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
Recent publications in both the open and classified literature
provide mounting evidence for the existence of so-called "parapsychologi-
cal," "paraphysical, " or "psychoenergetic" processes. These processes
include:
(1)
The acquisition and description, by mental means, of
information blocked from ordinary perception by distance
or shielding and thought to be secure against such access.
(2)
The production of physical effects such as the perturbation
of instrumentation or equipment that would appear to be
well shielded against such interactions.
The literature also provides evidence of the acceleration of research
in both the Western and Soviet Bloc countries in an effort to precipitate
a breakthrough. Attention was called to this area by the United States
Intelligence Board's (USIB) Scientific and Technical Intelligence
Committee (STIC) in a recent document entitled "Views on Emerging Areas
„1*
of Science and Technology Potentially Important to National Security.
In the West, an exploratory research effort on psychoenergetic
channels has been carried out in our laboratory at Stanford Research
Institute (SRI). These results have been reported in two documents,
one classified, -
and one unclassified,
3
This work dealt primarily with
a capability that we call "remote viewing," the ability to view remote
geographical locations up to several thousand kilometers. In more than
100 experiments with roughly a dozen subjects, extending over almost
five years, results were obtained on the viewing of buildings, laboratory
apparatus, and the like. From this work we conclude that:
*
References are listed at the end of this report.
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E
(1) (U) The phenomenon is not a sensitive function of distance
over a range of several kilometers and is still operative
over a range of several thousand kilometers.
(2)
(U) Faraday cage electrical shielding does not appear
to degrade the quality or accuracy of perception.
(3)
(U) Most of the correct information pertains to shape,
form, color, and material rather than to function or
name.
(4)
(U) The principal difference between experienced sub-
jects and inexperienced volunteers is not that the
latter do not exhibit the faculty but rather that their
results are simply less reliable, indicating that
remote viewing may be a latent and widely distributed,
though repressed, perceptual ability.
(5)
(S) Subjects trained over a several-year period have
performed well under operational conditions.
Work in this area of research in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia
is discussed in a DIA document.
4
It is pointed out that beginning with
early work (1930s) in the laboratory of L. Vasiliev
5
(Leningrad Institute
for Brain Research), Soviet efforts in the area of paranormal function-
ing have concentrated on behavior modification and control (e.g.,
putting people into a trance at a distance through hypnosis) in con-
trast to the Western orientation toward remote data acquisition. Also,
apparently in keeping with Soviet ideology, the work in the USSR is
strongly oriented toward the physical aspects of the channel. Indeed,
some of the best theoretical work has been done by Soviet researcher
I. Kogan in his investigation of the ELF (extremely low frequency)
electromagnetic hypothesis.
6-9
The authors of the DIA document conclude
that the Soviet Bloc parapsychology research effort is now aimed at
achieving an understanding and control of the energy involved.
Garrett Airesearch, an aerospace firm in southern California, has
performed a review of Soviet literature on psychoenergetic research
that led to conclusions similar to those of the DIA document.
10,11
body of the report treats Soviet application of statistical theories,
research done on electrostatics, the development of remote sensors,
hypothesized carrier mechanisms, human sensitivity to magnetic fields,
and performance training to improve accuracy. Their conclusions
include (U) :
The
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(1)
Soviet researchers have done significant work on signal-
extraction, statistical, and information-theory approaches
to psychoenergetic processes.
(2)
Soviet researchers have done creditable work on the
electrostatics of telekinesis and have probably now
turned their attention to the psychophysiological aspects
of the phenomenon.
(3)
Soviet researchers have an interest in remote physiological
monitors, have developed one or two new instruments, and
are probably performing R&D in this area.
(4)
Soviet researchers had, and probably still have, an interest
in the physics of psychoenergetic transmission mechanisms
and are probably doing research in this area.
(5)
There is a developing interest in the Soviet Bloc to
apply psychophysiological training methods (similar to
biofeedback) to develop control over psychoenergetic
mechanisms.
(6)
Soviet researchers are investigating the psychophysiology
of multimodal, programmed stimulation as a method to
entrain physiological rhythms and produce changes in
states of consciousness.
(7)
A systematic, interdisciplinary approach to psychoenergetic
research by the USSR would require only a modest commit-
ment of resources. A small number of key personnel with
an adequate supporting staff of engineers and technicians
could make substantial headway in this area. At this
stage, in Garrett's opinion; no unique technological
breakthrough is required -- only careful investigation.
In
addition, no unique features such as physical plant
facilities, services, or equipment would specifically
identify a psychoenergetics laboratory from other types
of R&D laboratories.
(8)
Finally, Garrett notes that open publication of some of
the most advanced work in this area has inexplicably
stopped.
The implausibility of the work itself being
stopped has led Garrett to conclude that the work is
continuing secretly.
Further support for the idea that work in this area is continuing
in the USSR can be inferred from a 1974 interview with Kogan, which
appeared in the newspaper Leninskoye Znamya (Lenin's Banner), an
official organ of the Moscow region Communist Party.
12
In that inter-
view Kogan discusses a number of recent developments in the field, in-
cluding his own experiments, and gives an estimate as to the number of
well-developed psychics in the general population (~ 1 in 10°).
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Thus, the DIA and Garrett reports, and supporting data point to the
increasing importance of the psychoenergetics area in Soviet research.
The validity of this conclusion received further support when the Soviet
Psychological Association recently issued an unprecedented position
paper calling on the Soviet Academy of Sciences to step up efforts in
this area.
13
The Association recommended that the newly formed Psycho-
logical Institute of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences review the area
and consider the creation of a new laboratory within one of the institutes
to study persons with unusual abilities. They also recommended a com-
prehensive evaluation of experiments and theory by the Academy of Sciences'
Institute of Biophysics and Institute for the Problems of Information
Transmission.
It was in this climate that SRI was tasked to provide a basis for
assessing the probability of an advanced psychoenergetics threat tech-
nique that could be in development in the USSR. The study was to provide
indicators that suggested particular advanced threat related applications,
and was to include feasibility evaluation using US capabilities in a
modeled or simulated threat role.
B.
SRI Program Content
Following is an outline of the areas of investigation carried out
in this program. Each item is described in detail in the remaining
sections of the report.
..
.
Section IV:
Local Remote-Viewing Experiments
- Local (less than 10 km distance) remote-viewing experi-
ments under sponsor observation, using experienced
subjects, to examine subject biases that introduce noise
into the perceptual channel.
- Content analysis of remote viewing transcripts to obtain
a quantitative measure of accuracy.
- Pilot experiments in the tracking of persons unknown to
the subject.
- Alphabet target experiments to investigate techniques to
permit increased resolution in remote viewing.
1
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-
·
Section V:
Long-Distance Remote-Viewing Experiments
- Use of the DARPA teleconferencing computer network to
provide date and time records of experiments in progress.
- Long distance remote-viewing experiments (New York to
California; New York to Dayton; New Orleans to California) .
· Section VI:
Remote Viewing by Coordinates
-
The use of geographical coordinates to designate a
remote-viewing target.
- Application of coordinate procedure to the description
of local (San Francisco Bay Area) high-technology targets
(Sylvania Laser Laboratory, Mountain View, California;
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevatron, Berkeley,
California).
- Application of coordinate procedure to real-time remote
viewing of solid-propellant missile firings in the western
United States.
- Application of coordinate procedure to sponsor-designated
targets in the USSR.
· Section VII:
Conclusions
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IV
LOCAL REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENTS
A.
General
-
To demonstrate our procedures to the technical representative of
the sponsor organization a series of five experiments involving local
targets were carried out during the initial month of this program. The
sponsor's representative either remained in the laboratory with the
subject or participated in the selection of the target and proceeded
there with the outbound experimenter. He therefore had an opportunity
to assess the functioning and accuracy of the remote-viewing channel on
a first-hand basis.
To begin the experiment, the subject was closeted with an experi-
menter at SRI and instructed to wait 30 minutes before beginning a
narrative description of the remote location. An outbound experimenter
then either chose (by use of a Texas Instruments SR-51 random number
generator) a target location from a pool of more than 100 targets within
a 30-minute driving time from SRI, or; in the case of the first two of
the five experiments, the sponsor representative selected sites of his
own choosing. The outbound experimenters then left SRI by automobile
and proceeded directly to the target without any communication with the
subject or experimenter remaining behind, so that the target location
selected was kept blind to subject and experimenters in the laboratory.
The experimenter remaining with the subject at SRI was kept ignorant of
both the particular target and the target pool so as to eliminate the
possibility of cueing (overt or subliminal) and to allow him freedom in
questioning the subject for clarification of his descriptions. The
outbound experimenters remained at the target site for an agreed-on 15-
minute observation period following the 30 minutes allotted for travel.
During the observation period, the remote-viewing subject at SRI was
asked to describe his impressions of the target site into a tape recorder
and to make any drawings he thought appropriate. A tentative evaluation
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was made of the subject's output when the demarcation team returned.
Also, following the experiment the subject was taken to the site to
provide feedback.
In addition to providing a demonstration of remote viewing, an
important purpose of these initial experiments was to obtain information
about the resolution capability of the remote-viewing channel. To this
end we worked with two of our most experienced subjects, designated
here as I1 and H1.
*
Results from these subjects can be compared with
those of two less experienced subjects who also took part in the experi-
ments.
The results of these five experiments are summarized below, and
transcripts of the subjects' narratives can be provided upon request.
These were all the experiments carried out during this orientation pro-
cedure; no data have been suppressed.
B.
Remote-Viewing Experiments with Sponsor Participation
Golden Pavilion Restaurant. Subject Il's drawing of a cluster of
buildings located at a sweeping turn-off from a divided roadway has
many of the characteristics of the target, located on El Camino Real in
Palo Alto, as shown in Figure 1. Dr. Puthoff and the contract monitor
were at the target.
Hyatt House Hotel. In this case Subject I1 made a number of
drawings that did not come together into a coherent representation,
although some elements of his output were suggestive of the location
(e.g., he made a drawing of an arched structure with a small block
labeled "house" on the top of the arch). During this experiment a
response was obtained from a second subject (R1) remote viewing the
target from a second laboratory location. The subjects worked simul-
taneously in separate rooms, and did not communicate. The sketch
*
The key to numerical designations for subjects is available from the
sponsoring agency's contract monitor.
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4 May 1976
falt things rising
abone trees
pol
fugo Swam
9.15.a.M.
garage Bon
-
buildings (tales)
-highway on street
0
Itrees
Thankdings
Pach stone
tas
( Parking lot)
UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 1
SA-5309-3
1
GOLDEN PAVILION RESTAURANT, AND DRAWING BY SUBJECT I1 OF DIVIDED ROADWAY, TREES,
STEPS, AND BUILDINGS (U)

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made by R1 is shown together with a photograph of the target in Fig-
ure 2.
Pool Complex. In this experiment, Subjects I1 and H1 attempted to
describe or draw aspects of the target (shown in Figure 3) visited by
the remote team. Subject H1's description was of a pool or pond in a
shady glen, which was essentially a direct hit. Subject I1 drew a little
hill of grass surrounded by a plaza with squares and a curved path
leading to water, again a result in close correspondence with the target
area.
His second drawing continues this watery theme with some added
shrubs.
Baylands Nature Preserve. The subject in this case was a visiting
scientist, D1, who had read of our research.
He described and drew a
long wooden walkway, and described some extensive gardens. Both of these
elements are strongly present at the target location. He also described
a building he had visited on the previous day, which was not at the place
visited. This sort of superposition of erroneous imagery on an other-
wise accurate description is often observed and is a principal obstacle
to be overcome if remote viewing is to become a useful tool.
Stanford University Inner Quad.
In a second experiment using D1,
the subject described a courtyard and made the two drawings shown in
Figure 4. Almost every element of his drawings corresponds to the
actual arrangement at the location of the remote experimenters. Although
?
the subject was inexperienced in remote viewing, this set- of responses
is among the most accurate and detailed we have obtained.
-
From experiments conducted to date it appears likely that the
ability to do remote viewing is distributed throughout the population
and that high-quality results can be obtained even from inexperienced
subjects. As in our previously published work, 2,3
we find that even in
this introductory series the evidence accumulates that improved reli-
ability can be obtained by having more than one subject work independently
to describe target sites. The use of multiple subjects thus appears to
provide an opportunity to correct for individual subject biases.
-
14
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'ATT"HOUSE
..
Grass
Pool,
roller skating rink
white
Wood
Fence
Building
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FIGURE 2
HYATT HOUSE HOTEL IN PALO ALTO, AND SKETCH PRODUCED BY
SUBJECT IN MENLO PARK (U)
1
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DRAWINGS BY SUBJECT I1
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DRAWING BY SUBJECT H1
16
press invand
white grand
1
Fault
Ligy habe.
1
dark Blue Green area -
wath .
-- trus
m
Brad's
white pavel
Trus
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FIGURE 3
MOUNTAIN VIEW SWIMMING POOL COMPLEX, AND DRAWINGS BY SUBJECTS I1 AND H1 IN SIMULTANEOUS,
SEPARATE EXPERIMENTS. Both perceived a pool of water at the site. (U)
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2
H134
( 2ions )
view
3
76
5MAY
write
street
ESstone
wall
-7 mue Ble
Bscycle cura?
Largo
(5)
Street
(EMPORIUM>
TYPES
111x Paez
Lota
Patio
Serez
Gwen
PLANTS
Paul
Let (intoun
7
WOD THY
caves
Steps
To Elevated.
Purch?
>
WHITE2Tall?
1
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FIGURE 4
STANFORD UNIVERSITY INNER QUADRANGLE, AND SKETCHES PRODUCED BY
SUBJECT INEXPERIENCED AT REMOTE VIEWING (U)
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Clan
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GLASS
1
0
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c.
Content Analysis of a Local Remote-Viewing Transcript
1.
Psychologist's General Assessment
In consultation with Dr. Ralph Kiernan of Stanford University
Medical Center, we have been analyzing past transcripts from remote-
viewing experiments, to help us learn what parts of the transcripts are
the most reliable.
-
In Dr. Kiernan's opinion the adjectival portions constitute the
primary carrier of correct information as compared with the nouns, and
especially as compared with proper nouns. For example, if a subject
reports that there is "a shiny, red fire hydrant," one would be safe
only in assuming that there was a red cylinder at the remote site. But
a search for a fire hydrant would in general be unwarranted. We see that
descriptors like wide, flat, underground, and dark are all likely to be
reliable.
Whereas references to nuclear, secret, Mercedes or factory
are less likely to be correct.
Dr. Kiernan was willing to make a prediction based on our past
work. He observes that since almost everyone we have tested shows
ability to do remote viewing to some extent, and since it appears to be
mediated primarily by the right cerebral hemisphere of the brain, it is
likely that a right-brain-damaged patient would not be successful at
remote viewing. We consider it important to carry out this experiment
at some future date as a test of this particular hypothesis, so as to
verify whether the general handling of data on the basis of right-hemi-
sphere biasing assumptions is correct.
2.
Sample Transcript Analysis
Following the sponsor orientation series, we conducted an
experiment with an SRI systems analyst and research engineer. A detailed
analysis of all phases of this subject's output was carried out. This
analysis included the following:
(1)
Comparison of the subject's largest and most prominent
sketch, with the outbound experimenter's descriptive
comments.
1
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(2)
Comparison of the sequence of events recorded at the
site, with that reported by the subject.
(3)
Comparison of quotes from the subject with quotes
by the outbound experimenters concerning the site.
(4)
Comparison of subject's drawings with drawings of
outbound experimenters.
(5)
Underlining of relevant portions of unedited subject
transcript.
(6)
Listing of reactions of the subject to being taken to
the target site.
(7)
Phrases used by the subject during the experiment as
compared with the phrases used by the outbound
experimenters to describe the same objects.
(8)
Notes made by the outbound experimenters while at the
site.
(9)* Subject's guesses and analytical comments in the time
sequence in which they were made.
The experiment analyzed in greatest detail was that of July 14,
1976. The site was the Vallombrosa Chapel in Menlo Park, California.
The team who selected the target pool for this experiment wrote of this
target:
"Vallombrosa chapel had all the features for which we were
looking. It had an unusual spire which dominates the building.
It is a church retreat for women, a function entirely different
from the other 5 sites in our target pool.
It had a calm,
quiet, peaceful atmosphere, and an integrated feeling that
we believed would make it a good target for a subject and for
judging."
The photographs taken at the time of target selection are presented in
Figure 5, showing the church building and its prominent yellow glass
tower.
The outbound team performed a number of qualitative analyses
of the Vallombrosa transcript, of which three are included here. They
are (1) the comparison of quotes from subject and outbound experimenters,
(2) the comparison of drawings and descriptions, and (3) the time-sequence
of selected comments from all participants.
:
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FIGURE 5
VALLOMBROSA CHAPEL IN MENLO PARK (U)
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a.
Comparison of Quotes from Subject with Quotes from
Outbound Experimenters
The following consists of quotes from the subject's tape
recorded comments during the experiment compared with the taped de-
briefing comments made by the outbound experimenters at the site. (Each
outbounder made a separate tape out of hearing range of the other.) The
purpose of this analysis is to detect possible similarities.
G1:
Ob1 (Observer 1) looking up to the blue sky.
[ Later] It was
like a steeple, something that was painted ... "
Ob2 :
Tall steeple on the chapel that reached out to the blue sky.
G1 :
She's (Ob1) looking down.
... I'm seeing the ground ... she's -
squatting down looking at something, or kneeling down. Ob2
is also kneeling, looking at something.
Ob2:
The lawn felt cool. I felt it with my hand.
G1 :
Like it's a ... something swirled with ... like a snail, almost,
like something swirled with straight tenacles extending from it.
Ob1 :
We saw two sprinklers going in the first part of the experiment,
one twirling around ... the other was spraying out a cone-shaped
spray of water.
G1 :
I don't think it's something she could touch ... but it's something
that she could look into.
Ob2 :
Put my hand in the water sprinkler.
.
Felt like rain on my
arm.
G1 :
Objects whirling around, something whirling around. .. lots of it.
But it's not like a noise ... all these things standing upright
that are circular in shape.
...
But there's movement. Something
about them that's natural. .. hazy, swirling thing .... But I get
the feeling it's man-made ....
They seem to be placed. That's
the man-made aspect of it .... They seem to be placed in certain
spots, but they're natural .... It's almost like a semi-circle ..
But yet they (0b1 and 0b2) could turn around and walk out of this
thing, or out of this area.
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4
G1:
I get the feeling it's ... outdoors, but they're protected in some
way from sunlight ... it's just a shade.
Ob2:
The trees were large ... trees -- giant trees everywhere.
Ob1:
Many trees around ... a very large deciduous tree.
G1:
There's a grassy knoll on a hillside
But that's quite a
*
ways away ....
I can't guess the distance.
, This* hill is
off ... fuzzy things ... it moved.
It didn't stay still.
If
you took a photograph, it would be fuzzy. If you took a photo-
graph sometime later, it would be gone and moved.
Ob2:
We walked ... Ob1 and I, over to the pond ... she caught several
pollywogs ... saw them wiggle ... two ... dragon flies, flying together
back and forth.
Ob1:
Then we walked over, a brief short distance ... to a rather large
lilly pad (pond) that was essentially oval in shape. There are
three major clumps of lilly pads on it ... noticed dragon flies
flying .... I concentrated on the ripples on the water.
. .
I
picked up three pollywogs ... watched them squirm.
G1:
Something roundish.
Ob2:
I put my hands in the water, I swished them back and forth ...
water lilly leaves were round and very circular .... The pond is
oval in shape ... looking down on the surface of the water ... I
noticed that there were little circles ever widening outward
caused by the movement of the fish.
..
Circles, circles, circles
going outward.
Ob1:
I threw a mud clod. .. watched the circles go out ....
As I threw
a few more pebbles in the water, I noticed the circles they made
and how they went out.
G1 :
There's something on a pole that's associated with this thing,
this place. Maybe it identifies it ... not your average pole ....
There was something at the top.
Ob1:
Cylinder ... with jagged top and above that is a metal cross.
*
Photographs of the pond show that it is on a raised area, built up above
the surrounding ground level.
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--
G1:
It looks like that pole was metal, like an extruded pipe.
It has
lines that are marked. .. has an aluminum finish.
Ob1 :
Put my arms around one of the cement pillars and hugged it. .. had
been wrapped with some kind of thing in which the concrete was
poured into it ... round cement light concrete pillars.
b.
Comparison of Sketches Made by the Subject and by
the Outbound Experimenters During Remote Viewing
The brief sketches made by the outbound experimenters at
the target site to capture the essence of what they were seeing are
simple and rather primitive in nature, much like those made by the sub-
ject who was perceiving the scene remotely. Thus, although subject
sketches may seem simple and incomplete, those who were physically there
at the site unintentionally sketched in a similar manner, sketching to
capture the gestalt of the place with little thought for the drawing
itself. A comparison shows that both sets of drawings are characterized
by simplicity and directness. The sketches below were made by the out-
bound experimenters at the site during the experiment and are to be
compared with the subject's sketch shown in Figure 6.
square
0
1/1
-
OB1
OB2
Perhaps drawings by subjects could be compared more often
in future experiments, with those made at the site by the outbound
experimenters, When the subject and outbound experimenters are "into"
the experience of perceiving a site, similarities may show up in sketches
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galloro
OB1
"THE MAIN INTENSE FEATURE THAT ONE SEES IS A
CYLINDER THAT'S CONICAL TYPE STRUCTURE."
DESCRIPTIVE WORDS USED TO DESCRIBE THIS
STRUCTURE
"CYLINDER"
"CONICAL"
"CYLINDER"
"CIRCULAR CONE"
"CONICAL STRUCTURE"
OB2
"THERE WERE TWO REALLY STRIKING FEATURES.
THERE WAS THE TALL STEEPLE ... AND THE
CHAPEL BENEATH."
DESCRIPTIVE WORDS USED TO DESCRIBE THE
STEEPLE
"TALL STEEPLE"
"CYLINDER"
"CYLINDER SHAPES"
"CIRCULAR SHAPES"
"CYLINDRICAL TOWER"
NOTE:
The descriptive words appear in the order in which
they were recorded by each outbound experimenter.
The overall impression of the steeple is yellow, and
yellow-white glass [ed.] .
bise
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FIGURE 6
SUBJECT G1's LARGEST AND MOST PROMINENT SKETCH COMPARED WITH
DEBRIEFING COMMENTS BY OUTBOUND EXPERIMENTERS (U)
:
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that would give another means of comparison ( in addition to verbal
reports and later photographic records).
c.
Selected Comments for a Comparison of the Time Sequence
Reported at the Site with That Reported by the Subject
As mentioned above, the protocol called for outbound
experimenters to make notes during the experiment and to use them to
debrief into a tape recorder just after the experiment. This resulted
in a record of the sequence in which events at the site took place, and
allows that sequence to be compared with the comments put on tape by the
subject during the experiment. This comparison is given in the following:
·
Subject
The following is the time sequence taken from the tape recordings
made by Subject G1 during the experiment and during the post-
experiment debriefing :
=
G1:
. looking up to the blue sky. Looks like she (0b1)
was looking up at something that caught her eye."
"Looking down ... I'm seeing the ground ... she's squatting
down looking at something, or kneeling down."
"Like its a something swirled with ... almost like some-
thing swirled with straight tenacles extending from
it ... swirling thing ... "
"I get the feeling it's outdoors, but they're protected
in someway from sunlight ... it's just a shade."
"A hillside.
...
This hill is off ... "
"Fuzzy things ... it moved, it didn't stay still. If you
took a photograph sometime later, it would be gone and
moved. There's some movement."
"Something roundish, like they were moving like that."
"Not your average pole ... it looks like that pole was
metal, like an extruded pipe.
It has lines that are
marked ... "
Outbound Experimenters
The following is the actual time sequence at the site taken
from tape recordings made during the post-experiment debriefing
period by Ob2 and Ob1.
Ob1:
"The first thing we did was to walk across ... lawn ...
stand by the chapel tower, look at the ... glass in it ...
the tall steeple on the chapel that reached out to the
blue sky. "
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"The lawn felt cool.
I felt it with my hand."
"Put my hand in the water sprinkler that was on the
lawn ... felt very much like rain on my arm."
"Giant trees everywhere."
"Approximately halfway through our time period, we
walked ... over to a pond. I saw two beautiful ... dragon
flies, flying together back and forth across the lilly
pond. The pond is oval in shape."
"I noticed that there were little circles ever widening
outward caused by the movement of the fish. Circles,
circles, circles going outward."
"We went back by the chapel, Obl went over and hugged
one of the giant columns that holds the roof up. Looked
like cement."
Ob1:
"The main intense feature that one sees is a cylinder
that's conical type structure above the church, "
"We saw two sprinklers going in the first part of the
experiment, one twirling around, the other was spraying
out a cone shaped spray."
"We walked over to a rather large lilly pad (pond) that
was essentially oval in shape. 0b2 noticed two red dragon
flies flying over ... and I saw ...
11
"I threw a mud clod into the water, watched the circles go
out ... more pebbles in the water, I noticed the circles
that they made and how they went out. 0b2 was doing the
same thing.'
=
... the last minute ... back to the church. .. put my arms
around one of the cement pillars and hugged it ... had
been wrapped with some kind of thing in which the concrete
was poured ... "
"About 11 minutes into the experiment, I was noticing ...
many trees around
11
These selected quotes indicate that the subject's time
sequence was very similar to that occurring at the site. This type of
time-sequence comparison has possibilities for studying psi functioning.
D.
Tracking Persons Unknown to Subject (Abstract Targeting)
As part of the local remote viewing experiments (distances less
than 10 km), we performed two experiments using a new technique that we
refer to as abstract targeting.
Instead of sending a person, known to
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the subject, to the remote site to be viewed via the remote viewing
channel, we provided the subject only with the driver's license of a
person unknown to the subject.
Admittedly, such an experiment seems without basis in logic (at
least with regard to the present scientific paradigm). However, it has
some basis in the anecdotal literature of spontaneous psychoenergetic
functioning when, for example, a kidnap victim is found on the basis of
the victim's belongings being used to assist targeting. With regard to
research in psychoenergetics in general, the possibility of success in
such an experiment also is in accord with the observed goal-oriented
nature of the "laws" that appear to govern such functioning.
*
In the two experiments carried out under this abstract targeting
protocol, excellent results were obtained, comparable to those obtained
under the standard protocol in which a person known to the subject is
used as a target. In the first experiment, the subject correctly de-
scribed the outbound experimenter as sitting quietly in an enclosed
shell-like structure, and the results of the second experiment are shown
in Figure 7.
Thus, the two-experiment pilot effort in this form of abstract
targeting, carried out under controlled laboratory conditions, tends to
substantiate the results observed in field investigations associated
with forensic work. Rather than follow through with more experimentation
in this vein, the emphasis with regard to abstract targeting work was
Shifted to geographical coordinates, a potentially more useful targeting
procedure, described later in Section VI.
E.
Alphabet Experiments
When targets are chosen from a limited pool that is known to the
subject, he will tend to guess at the target, rather than use his
*
The possibility that such goal orientation may find support in modern
physical theory has been argued by information-theorist 0. Costa de
Beauregard of the Poincare Institute in France. 14
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PALO ALTO BOWLING GREEN
1.
Road
Victorian
House
Water
Ornamental
Iron
Sale
wooden wall
6ft
LA-654D83-33
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FIGURE 7
PALO ALTO BOWLING GREEN, AND DRAWING BY SUBJECT H1. Subject's
task was to locate unknown target person, given only his driver's license.
Subject correctly described fenced-in area with road leading to ornamental iron
gate, building at right, and depressed area at left (however, it is covered with
grass, not water; ed). A railroad-tie barrier, not shown in photograph, is located
where subject has indicated a wooden wall. (U)
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1
remote-viewing capability. Thus it is well known in psychoenergetics
research that "guessing a number from one to ten" is a more difficult
task than, for example, describing a remote scene chosen from an
infinitude of possible locations. This latter task, termed a free-
response task, prevents the subject from attempting to match his pre-
conception of possible targets, with his actual, though perhaps vague,
perception. The problem in the forced-choice matching experiments, as
opposed to the free-response task, is that the subject's stored mental
images are available to him from his memory, and constitute an important
source of "noise" in the remote-viewing channel.
1.
Twenty-Trial Tests with Two Subjects
„¢
In an effort to determine whether the forced-choice noise
problem could be overcome with experienced subjects, we carried out a
series of twenty "letter guessing" experiments as the first part of a
pilot study. Subjects H1 and Il were located in their respective homes
in Los Angeles and New York City, while the targets were posted daily,
one per day, in a laboratory at SRI in Menlo Park, California.
Both subjects submitted their lists of twenty letters. The
results were not found to depart from chance expectation.
2.
Remote Viewing of Alphabet Letters
A second pilot study alphabet experiment was then carried out
with an inexperienced subject, S1, who had been especially chosen for
this task because the subject reported frequently "reading things"
during dreams, a relatively infrequent occurrence that we hypothesized
may be an indicator of a natural talent for remote viewing.
In these experiments the subject was told to consider alphabet
reading to be the same as remote viewing; that is, rather than try to
guess what the letter was, Subject S1 was asked to ignore the fact that
the target was a letter and to describe it as though it was a more
general remote-viewing target. S1 was asked to make a drawing and to
describe it in a non-analytic fashion. Someone else would then look at
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the drawings and description and make the final assessment as to what
the target letter was. S1 was specifically instructed not to guess the
letter. The experiments were carried out between nonadjacent labs at
SRI to provide sufficient sensory isolation between subject and target
to eliminate spurious information channels. The target letters were
determined by use of a Texas Instruments SR-51 random number generator.
In the first experiment the subject submitted a number of
drawings, including what looked like a series of J's, forward and back-
ward, with heavy markings at the bottom. The subject's final words on
the associated tape recording made during the session were that " ... it
could be a 'U' but I don't think so." Nonetheless, experimenter Puthoff,
who was given the subject-generated data on a blind basis, correctly
identified the target letter as a "U" on the basis of all the data taken
together.
The following day a second experiment was done. Subject S1
described a letter with an acute angle ... as though there is a trench ...
like a whole stack of V's." The subject drew a pile of overlapping V's.
Again, on a blind basis, experimenter Puthoff correctly identified the
target letter as a V.
In a series of three experiments with subject H1, one of three
target letters was similarly identified. Thus, in this pilot experiment
utilizing a free-response as opposed to a forced-choice protocol, three
letters out of a total of five trials were identified. The probability
of such an occurrence by chance is less than one in 1500 (p = 5.37 X
10"). This suggests that the way to increase the analytical capability
to include written material is to arrange to separate the perception
from the analysis, to encourage the subject to describe only his or her
perceptions, and to follow up by having a different person do the final
analysis on a blind basis.
-
3.
Machine-Generated Targets with Feedback
Based on the results of the two-part pilot study, a third
type of alphabet experiment was pursued utilizing a totally automated
--
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experimental setup. The subject was asked to approach the task as a
remote-viewing experiment with emphasis on form and shape, with analysis
to play a role only when finally a letter choice had to be made.
Each of the 26 letters of the alphabet was made into a 35-mm
slide so that when back-illuminated by a white light it becomes a target
consisting of a black letter against a white background. These slides
are used in conjunction with a random-number-generator-triggered light
panel that can hold four slides, of which one at a time is backlit in a
random fashion. This panel is located in a laboratory remote from the
subject. An identical panel with pushbuttons for subject choice is
mounted in the subject room. On the subject panel the correct target
slide is not lit until the subject makes his choice, at which time he
is given feedback. (The random-number generator machine has four stable
internal states, corresponding to each of the four letters. A 1.0-MHZ
square-wave oscillator sends pulses to an electronic "scale-of-four"
counter that passes through each of its four states 250,000 times per
second. The state of the counter is determined by the length of time
the oscillator has run -- that is, the time between subject choices. ) As
Soon as the subject indicates his choice, the target slide on his panel
is illuminated to provide visual and auditory (bell if correct) feedback
as to the correctness or incorrectness of his choice. Until that time,
both subject (and experimenter in the subject location) remain ignorant
of the machine's choice, so the experiment is of the double-blind type.
Five encouraging phrases at the top of the machine face are illuminated
one at a time with increasing correct choices (6, 8, 10, ... ) to provide
additional reinforcement. After trial number 25, the machine must be
reset manually by depressing a RESET button.
A methodological feature of the machine is that the choice of
a target is not forced. That is, a subject may press a PASS button
when he wishes not to guess, in which case the machine indicates what
its choice was. The machine thus scores neither a hit nor a trial and
then goes on to make its next selection. Thus, the subject does not
have to guess at targets when he feels that he has no idea as to which
to choose.
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In a study to determine whether this approach was likely to
be useful, a series of four four-letter experiments were carried out
with Subject I1. The results, shown in Table 1, provide evidence for
alphabet reading at a statistically significant level. The overall
probability of obtaining the number of correct guesses by chance exhibited
in this series is less than one in 10° (i.e., p < 10->) .*
Therefore,
this technique could be pursued more extensively as a training routine
for alphabet reading.
Table 1
ALPHABET SERIES
(p = 1/4 Random Selection)
Experiment
Target
Letters
Number of
Trials, n
Number of
Hits, H, as
Compared
with Expect-
ed Number,
Statistic,
t
Probability,
P
1
ABIO
200
64 (u = 50)
2,20
0.014
2
CDGQ
100
44 () = 25)
4.27
1.07 × 10-5
3
EHLT
100
31 ( = 25)
1.27
0.102
4
KWYZ
100
28 () = 25)
0.58
0.28
Total
500
167 () = 125)
4.29,
< 10-5
*
Under the null hypothesis of random binomial choices with probability
1/4 and no learning, the probability of observing ≥ k successes in n
trials is obtained by table lookup of the probability of a normal dis-
tribution value
t2(k -O-글)
/(3n/16)
1/2
It is therefore possible to examine a run of alphabet trials and
determine whether the letters are correctly identified significantly
more often than expected by chance.
32
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.
The observation that alphabet reading is a more difficult task
than site description is compatible with the hypothesis that psycho-
energetic functioning may involve specialization that is characteristic
of the brain's right hemisphere, which predominates in spatial and other
holistic processing, in contrast to the left hemisphere which predominates
in verbal and other analytical functioning.
15-17
Nonetheless, the results
obtained in the remote-viewing and machine approaches to reading remote
alphabet characters do indicate a potential for developing acceptable
levels of reliability in reading text for operational purposes. Further
study is required to determine whether this reliability can be achieved
with a reasonable effort.
:
..
-
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V
LONG-DISTANCE REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENTS
A.
General
-
2,3
-
Previous SRI work had established a data base of over 50 remote-
viewing experiments with local targets (sites within a few kilometers).
As part of the program described herein we undertook a series of five
experiments designed to determine whether an increase in subject-target
separation to transcontinental distances would degrade the quality or
accuracy of perception. A major motivation for this effort was the
desire to begin to accumulate data to examine the Soviet hypothesis that
remote viewing is mediated by extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromag-
netic waves. Under this hypothesis, one would expect a degradation in
accuracy as the subject-target distance is increased to several thousand
kilometers; it is claimed that the Soviet data indicate this degradation.
6-9
As a secondary goal, we were interested in the real-time data rate --
e.g., determining the extent to which a remote-viewing subject can track
the real-time activities and movements of a known individual in a distant
city. Therefore, the subjects were encouraged to describe real-time
activity during the viewing period.
The methodology with regard to target selection was identical to
that described in Section IV-B. That is, targets were determined either
by random-number generator entry into a previously prepared target list
unknown to subject and experimenters with the subject, or on the basis
of site selection by a sponsor representative.
An interesting additional technique that was employed successfully
in the first two of the five experiments was the use of the DARPA com-
puter teleconferencing network for post-experiment feedback. Access to
the computer by the traveling experimenter was by means of a portable
terminal. The use of the teleconferencing service allows a subject in
one state (e.g., California) to communicate with an experimenter in
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.
:

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another state -- say, New York. The conversational TALK mode available
on the DARPA net was used for this purpose in the following manner.
2
-
The subject at SRI and the experimenter on the east coast agreed
(via computer teleconferencing) to begin an experiment in one-half
hour. The purpose of the computer in this experiment was to provide
time- and date-stamped permanent records of all communications between
the various parties involved in the experiment. These data can be read
in real time by any authorized person entering the SRI-AI Tenex (MSG)
system -- for example, the sponsor's technical representative.
After logging off the computer, the outbound experimenter would use
a random-number generator to determine which of six locations in the
target area would constitute the target to be visited in this experiment.
Neither the subject nor the experimenter at SRI knew the contents of
the target list, compiled after logging off. Having selected a target
location by the random protocol, the outbound experimenter would proceed
directly to the site and remain there for 15 minutes.
At the previously agreed-upon start time (one-half hour after
breaking computer links) the subject would begin to type impressions
into a special computer file established for this purpose.
When the outbound experimenter returned from the target site to his
hotel, he would make use of a limited-access file to enter his descrip-
tion of the place he actually visited. He would then return to the
executive level of the computer, and await the appearance of the SRI
experimenters and subject who could then (and only then) link the
New York and Menlo Park terminals. At that time both files would be
printed out on both terminals (and at a third location if desired -- for
example, at the sponsor facility), and the subject and the outbound
experimenter would each learn what the other had written.
B.
Menlo Park to New York City (Grant's Tomb)
Two subjects, S1 and G1, both in California, participated simul-
taneously in this experiment at Grant's Tomb, which was the first of
two New York City targets. Both subjects independently provided
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UNCLASSIFIED
computer-stored records of their impressions, and one made the sketch
shown in Figure 8. (The five possible targets in addition to Grant's
Tomb were a railroad bridge, the 20-story New York University law
library, the fountain in Washington Square Park, the Columbia University
subway station, and the 72nd Street boat basin. The targets were chosen
to be dissimilar, and thus differentiable, by potential judges. )
Subject G1, an SRI systems analyst, said in his opening paragraph:
"Outdoors, large open area, standing on and then off asphalt (rough
material), dark for a path. A white building, like a ticket booth.
Wooden structure, is white in color, and has an arched look about it.
There is a large shade tree close to Russ (outbound experimenter)."
Subject S1, closeted in a separate SRI location, began with:
"I
-
thought of a high place with a view." The subject continued with
"I
saw a tree on your left in a brick plaza -- it seemed to be in front of a
building you were entering."
Later, "I could not clearly identify the
activity. A restaurant? A museum? A bookstore?" And, "You were
looking at coins in the palm of your hand, maybe giving some to Nicky
(son of outbound experimenter)." (For the complete transcript, see
Figure 9.)
The coins were in fact used to purchase the postcard from which
Figure 8 was made, and they were given to the experimenter's son who
made the purchase. Both subjects then went on for an additional para-
graph to describe details of the activities they imagined to be going
on inside the building they saw, details that were partly correct,
partly incorrect.
C.
Menlo Park to New York City (Washington Square Fountain)
In the second experiment, the target, again chosen by random pro-
tocol, was the fountain in Washington Square Park. One subject, S1,
participated. The subject produced an exceptionally accurate transcript.
The photos and the subject's drawing of the fountain are shown in Fig-
ure 10. The subject began his printout with the following: "The first
image I got at about the first minute was of a cement depression -- as if
37
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Approved For ReletyPePA'S SIFPE'D'0791R000200270001-7
.
GRANT'S TOMB TARGET
FRONT VIEW
-
SUBJECT DESCRIBED: "OUTDOORS, LARGE OPEN AREA .... SHADE TREES ....
WHITE BUILDING WITH ARCHES."
SA-5309-7
UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 8
GRANT's TOMB, USED AS TARGET IN COAST-TO-COAST REMOTE-VIEWING
EXPERIMENT, 2 JULY 1976. Subject described:
"Outdoors, large open area
...
shade trees ... white building with arches."
(U)
1
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UNCLASSIFIED
MSG
VERSION OF 1 APRIL 1976
TYPE ? FOR HELP, ? # FOR NEWS
LAST READ:
2-JUL-76 12:09:34; 7 MSGS, 2 DISK PAGES.
-
<- TYPE 6 :7
(MSG. # 6, 1678 CHARS)
DATE: 2 JUL, 1976 1126-PDT
FROM: TARG
SUBJECT :
S1'S . REPORT
TO :
TARG
RUSSEL - I THOUGHT OF A HIGH PLACE WITH A VIEW - DETAILS INCLUDED 3 MI
** VIEWING I SAW A TREE ON YOUR
LEFT IN A BRICK PLAZA - IT SEEMED TO BE IN FRONT OF A
WRONG BUTTON - BUILIDING YOU WERE ENTERING - YOU WAITED AS IF
FOR AN ELEVATOR AND READ SOMETHING ON THE WALL
YOU CAME OUT (OFF THE ELEVATOR) AND THERE WAS A ROOM ON YOUR
LEFT WITH A VIEW - I COULD NOT CLEARLY IDENTIFY THE ACTIVITY
- A RESTAURANT ? A MUSEUM? ABOOKSTORE? YOU LOOKED AT ASOMETHING
A CARVING OR MENU OR DIRECTIONS ON A POST BEFORE ENTERING -
FROM THE ROOM I THOUGHT THERE WAS A VIEW OF A HARBOR OR WATER
ABOUT 1/3 OF THE FRANME - AT ONE TIME I HAD THE FEELING THAT
YOU WERE LOOKING AT COINS IN THE PALM OF YOUR HAND - MAYBE GIVING
SOME TO NICKY - WHICH WERE THEN PUT IN A SLOT - JUKEBOX? PINBALL ?-
ALSO THE SUFACE WITH SOMETHING VERTICAL ABOVE - SOMETHING REFLECTING
METAL PIPEX OF AN ORGAN ( THE ONE I DIDN'T VIEW LAST TIME )
OR OF BOTTLRES AGAINST A MIRROR - SOMETHING REFLECTING - THEN
DAVID SNAPPED HIS FINGERS - I SAW A BASKETBALL' . VERY CLEAR
TACTILE SENSATION FRON A SOMEWHAT TEXTURED GLOBE - ALSO, ON
ANOTHER SNAP - THE COLOR RED NOT SHARPLY DEFINED - LIQUID OR
FLOWING MATERIAL OR NICKY RACING AROUND IN A RED SHOIRT
ANOTHER SNAP AND D ASKED FOR THE NAME OF THE PLAVCE -
I WAS THINKING "BAR" BUT I THREW THAT OUT AS OLD AND SAW THE
LETTERS "CH" WHICH I COMPLETED AS "CHILE" OR "CHILI" -- ALSO
ANOTHER SNAP AND THE NAME OF THE THIRD PERSON - JOE JOHN OR
GERRY - IS IT GARY? - ARUSSELL I S THAT YOU?HI, THAT WAS
** THE "MSG" STILL, I THINK THAT IT MAY
UNCLASSIFIED
$1
AND WE
ABORT !
LA-5309-5
FIGURE 9
COMPUTER FILE PRINTOUT FROM CALIFORNIA-TO-NEW YORK LONG-
DISTANCE REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENT - TARGET: GRANT's TOMB
IN NEW YORK CITY (U)
39
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1

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40
Pigens
Ist
dry Fountain
or stadion
COAST TO COAST REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENT
WITH TARGET AT WASHINGTON SQUARE IN NEW
YORK CITY. SUBJECT'S FIRST PERCEPTION WAS
OF A "CEMENT DEPRESSION - AS IF A DRY
FOUNTAIN - WITH A CEMENT POST IN THE
CENTER OR INSIDE".
SA-5309-6R
UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 10
WASHINGTON SQUARE IN NEW YORK CITY, USED AS TARGET IN COAST-TO-COAST REMOTE-VIEWING
EXPERIMENT, 6 JULY 1976 (U)
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1

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UNCLASSIFIED
a dry fountain with a cement post in the center or inside.
There seemed
to be pigeons off to the right, flying around the surface out of the
depression
..
At one point I thought you were opening a cellophane
bag ....
=
(The experimenter had in fact bought ice cream during the
experimental period.) "There was also a rectangular wooden frame, a
window frame, but I wasn't sure if it was on a building, or a similar
structure with a different purpose." (A possible correlation from a
functional viewpoint to the Washington Square Arch through which the
outbound experimenters viewed the fountain toward the end of the experi-
mental period.)
"All in all I thought you were in Riverside Park.
( Incorrect analysis.) An SRI scientist, familiar with the New York City
area but blind to the target, did, however, identify the target correctly
on reading the twenty lines of printout as it emerged from the computer
terminal.
As an example of the style of narrative generated by a subject
during a computer teleconferencing experiment, we include the entire
unedited computer-logged text of the Washington Square experiment in
Figure 11.
These experiments provide an elegant demonstration of the utility
of the teleconferencing process as a secure data recording system to
provide real-time monitoring of long-distance remote-viewing experiments.
In a more detailed tape recording made after the experiment, but
before any feedback, the subject described "cement steps going into the
depression, like a stadium, and the rounded edge of the top of the
depression as you go up to ground level." These descriptions are not
only correct, but also show remarkable detail.
D.
Quantitative Analysis of New York City Target Transcripts
In attempting to derive a quantitative estimate of the amount of
valid data in a transcript, we have made a detailed analysis of the
previous two transcripts generated by a single subject during the long-
distance experiments between Menlo Park, California, and New York City.
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<-
<- TYPE ( MESSAGE SEQUENCE) 6
(MSG. # 5, 1730 CHARS)
DATE: 6 JUL 1976 1354-PDT
FROM: TARG
SUBJECT :
SI's REPORT PART 2 NYC EXO
THE FIRST IMAGE I GOT AT ABOUT THE FIRST MINUTE WAS OF A CEMENT
DEPRESSION - AS IF A DRY FOUNTAIN - WITH A CEMENT POST IN THE
CENTER OR INSIDE . THERE SEEMED TO BE PIGEONS OFF TO THE RIGHT,
FLYING AROUNDTHE SURFACE OUT OF THE DEPRESSION. THEN I SAW AS
IF IFIF IN THE DISTANCE A REAL" STADIUM WITH GRASS IN THE
CENTER AND PERHAPS STADIUM LIGHTS.
OTHER IMAGES WERE AROW
OF HOUSES/APICKET FENCE - SOME VERTICAL UNITS WITH JAGGED TOPS.
THEN A FLUTED/GROOVED VERTICAL COLUMN, BUT I COULDN'T SENSE WAHT
IT WAS RELATED TO. AGAIN YOU WERE IN A DEPRESSED AREA WITH
CEMENT SIDES, LOOKING OUT ONTO THE SURFACE OUTSIDE. THE CEMENT
SIDES ARE NOT STRAIGHT, BUT SLOPING, ALMOST S-SHAPED. ALSO
CLEAR FEELING OF THE HEAVY, WORN METAL BAR ON THE TOP OF
TYPICAL NYC OR ANYCITY FENCES. THERE DIDN'T SEEM TO BE ANYTHING
REALLY SPECIAL INSIDE, JUST A SEPARATION BETWEEN TEWO TWO
SIMILAR AREAS. AT ONE POINT, I THOUGHT YOU WERE OPENING A
CELLOPHANE BAG AND LATER I SENSED YOU FEEDING POPCORN - TO
PIGEONS. THERE WAS ALSO A RECTANGULAR WOODEN FRAME, A WINDOW
FRAME, BUT I WASN'T SURE IF IT WAS ON A BUILDING, OR A
SIMILAR STRUCTURE WITH A DIFFERENT PURPOSE. ALL IN ALL, I THOUGHT
YOU WERE IN RIVERSIDE PARK NEAR A TRACK AND PLAY AREA,
OCCASIONALLY LOOKING UP AT THE "ROCK AND LEAF" CLIFFS LEADING
UP TO THE DRIVE. AFTER I HAD THOUGHT THAT AND FIT IT IN T
WITH THE IMAGES RECEIVED SO FAR, IT KIND OF STUCK, AND I
POSSIBLY GENERATED MORE PARK SCENES. THE STADIUM /FOUN
TAIN IMAGES WERE THE FIRST AND THUS THE LEAST BJIASED AS TO
PARK MEMURIES. (I SURE DO LIKR THE TLELETYPE. IT CAN BECOME
AN OBSESSIVE PASTIME, I SEE).
THAT WAS MESSAGE S
LA-5309-6
UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 11
COMPUTER FILE PRINTOUT FROM CALIFORNIA-TO-NEW YORK LONG-
DISTANCE REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENT - TARGET:
WASHINGTON
SQUARE IN NEW YORK CITY (U)
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UNCLASSIFIED
To carry out this analysis, each transcript typed by the subject
into a computer file was edited to retain only declarative statements
spontaneously generated by the subject, or responses to direct questions.
These statements were collected in groups called concepts. For example,
if the subject had five references to a condition that can be defined
as shady, these would be combined in the concept "shady."
We performed four comparative analyses on the concepts from the
two transcripts: Transcript A with Site A; Transcript B with Site B;
Transcript A with Site B; and Transcript B with Site A. Each concept
was assigned a rating ranging from 0 to 10, depending on the analyst's
subjective impression as to whether the concept had no correspondence
(a rank of 0) or complete correspondence (a rank of 10) with the target.
The cross-matching was to serve as a crude measure of chance or gener-
alized correspondences.
For the Grant's Tomb target site, there were 21 distinct concepts
with a mean score of 6.4 + 4.3; for the Washington Square site there
were 16 concepts with a mean score of 6.8 + 2.7. The individual cross
matches were as follows: Grant's Tomb transcript to Washington Square
had a mean score of 3.6 + 4.3, and the Washington Square transcript
matched against Grant's Tomb yielded a mean score of 3.8 ± 3.8. Table 2
shows the detailed analysis for the Grant's Tomb experiment. For each
of the 21 concepts (all that were found) we display a summary of the
concept, the target correspondence and its related score, and the cor-
respondence with the control target, Washington Square, and its related
score. Table 3 shows the same data for the Washington Square site and
its control target, Grant's Tomb.
The combined score for the direct matches is 6.6 + 5.1, and for
the cross matches is 3.7 ± 5.7, where the means are calculated by direct
average and the standard deviation is computed from the square root of
the sum of squares of the deviations from the mean scores. We observe
large variances, which are expected in any subjective analysis of verbal
text. The difference in the means, although not statistically signi-
ficant, is consistent with earlier qualitative assessments of transcript
1
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Subject's Description (Quotes)
Correspondence (0-10)
Cross-Correspondence to
Washington Square (0-10)
1.
I thought of a high place with a view
Bluff overlooking river
10
Standing in a depression
0
2.
I saw a tree on your left
Lots of trees
10
Nearby trees
8
3.
In a brick plaza
Plaza looks like brick
00
8
Plaza looks like brick
8
4.
Building you were entering
Entered tomb building
10
No buildings
0
5.
Read something on the wall
Read informative plaque
10
No walls, no reading
0
6.
Came off the elevator
No elevator
0
No elevator
0
7. A restaurant?
None
0
None
0
8. A museum?
It is a museum
10
None
0
9.
A bookstore?
Books and cards are sold
10
None
0
10. A carving, menu or directions on a post
Bronze plaque at entry
8
None
0
11. The room has a view
No room
0
12. View of harbor or water
View of river
9
Large operating fountain
9
13.
Coins in your hand
Used to buy cards
10
Used to buy ice cream
10
14.
Gave some coins to Nicky (son)*
He bought cards
10
Doesn't apply
15.
Nicky put them into a slot
No slot
0
Doesn't apply
16.
Reflecting metal pipes
Could be columns
6
Metal pipes in fountain
6
17.
Bottles against a mirror
None
0
None
0
18.
Something reflecting
Marble and glass doors
6
Water in fountain
6
19.
Basketball or textured globe
None
0
Glass globes around fountain
8
20.
Nicky in red shirt
Correct
10
Doesn't apply
21.
Liquid or flowing material
None
0
Water in fountain
10
Mean
6.4 ± 4.3
Mean
3.6 ± 4.3
*
Subject knew Nicky was in New York with experimenter.
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44
Table 2
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GRANT'S TOMB TRANSCRIPT
-
Room looks down on tombs thirty
feet below
7

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Table 3
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE WASHINGTON SQUARE TRANSCRIPT
Subject Description (Quotes)
Correspondences (0-10)
Cross-Correspondence to
Grant's Tomb (0-10)
1. Cement depression
We were in a cement depression
10
Tombs are in marble depression
10
2. A dry fountain
Operating fountain
8
None
0
3. Cement post in the center
Cement post plus large pipe
7
Tombs in center
2
4. Pigeons off to the right
Pigeons were in the park nearby
8
No pigeons
0
5.
Stadium with grass and lights
Scale factor
3
Scale factor
3
6.
Rows of houses, picket fence
Houses with iron fences
9
None
0
0
7.
Vertical units with jagged tops
Arch supports perhaps
3
Columns in front of building
10
8. Fluted grooved white columns
Side of arch supports
6
Columns in front of building
10
Tomb is in a depressed area
3
9. You are in depressed area with
cement sides
10.
Sides are sloping almost S-
shaped
Exactly
10
Somewhat curved at top
3
11. Heavy worn metal
Copper posts in fountain
7
Marble railing
3
In and out of fountain
6
Above and below in tomb area
7
7
13. You were opening a cellophane bag
Yes
10
No
0
14.
You were feeding popcorn to
pigeons
Others were
3
No pigeons
0
15.
Rectangular wooden frame ... on a
building
Could be the arch
5
Rectangular building
3
16.
Riverside park, tracks and play
area
Play area nearby
3
Tomb is in Riverside Park
7
Mean
6.8 ± 2.7
Mean
3.8 ± 3.8
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Exactly
10
12. A separation between two
different areas

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accuracy of nearly 100 transcripts. From these means we would estimate
that approximately 66% of this one subject's response is an accurate
description of the target site, whereas if the data are matched against
other target sites, only 37% of the response would typically apply.
Although crude, this analysis strongly suggests a method for further
single transcript analysis to be carried out by professional linguists.
Such analysis will be used in our continuing program.
There are two possible interpretations to the statement that ~ 66%
of the transcript is correct. One is that 66% of each concept is
correct; the other is that 66% of the concepts are individually completely
correct. We lean toward the latter interpretation, since if the trans-
cripts achieved their 66% reliability from partial accuracy of each con-
cept, we would find a much smaller deviation from the mean than we
observe. In fact the large deviations from the mean indicate a wide
variance in accuracy of individual concepts. Therefore, the high accuracy
of the transcript as a whole is derived essentially from a series of
individual concepts that are themselves substantially correct.
E.
New York City to Ohio (Ohio Caves) ; Under Sponsor Control
A third long-distance remote-viewing experiment was carried out
under the control of the sponsor's technical representative.
In this
case, both SRI experimenters, while visiting in Ohio, agreed to take
:
part in a remote-viewing experiment in which the contract monitor would
select the target.
Under the observation of our contract monitor, we telephoned Sub-
ject H1 in New York City and obtained the subject's agreement to parti-
cipate in a long-distance remote viewing experiment. The subject was
told only that we were located somewhere between New York City and our
California laboratory and that shortly we would be taken to a target
that we would like to have described. The time for the experiment was
set for 2:00 PM EDT. We also agreed to call again at 3:00 PM EDT to
obtain Subject H1's impressions and to provide feedback as to the actual
target.
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The contract monitor took us directly to the Ohio Caverns at
Springfield, Ohio, which he had chosen as the target location (see
Figure 12). We entered the grounds through an entrance arch, that opens
onto an enormous expanse of lawn, perhaps 20 acres. The caves are
located at a depth of @ 150 ft and are entered through a small building
having a long flight of steep stairs. Once underground, we walked
through a maze of rock-lined tunnels that lead eventually into a series
of rooms lined with calcite stalactites and stalagmites, frosty white
and beige crystals formed like icicles. The entire cavern is illuminated
by small electric light bulbs attached to the walls. After a 45-minute
walk, we exited the caves through a large metal door giving access to a
square cross-sectional shaft with stairs leading to the surface.
Following the experimental period, the sponsor observer called the
subject in New York, 45 minutes after we left the caves. The opening
statements of the subject's transcript as dictated over the phone and
posted to the SRI experimenters is as follows:
"1:50 PM before starting.
Flat semi-industrial countryside
with mountain range in background and something to do with
underground caves or mines or deep shafts ... half man made,
half natural ... some electric humming going on. . . throbbing,
inner throbbing.
Nuclear or some very far out and possibly
secret installation ... corridor ... mazes of them ... whole under-
ground city almost .... Don't like it at all. .. long for out-
doors and nature.
2:00 PM. .. (Experimenters) R and H walking
along sunny road ... entering into arbor-like shaft ... again looks
like man helped nature ... vines (wisteria) growing in arch at
entrance like to a wine cellar. . leading into underground world.
Darker earth-smelling cool moist passage with something grey
and of interest on left of them ... musty ... sudden change to
bank of elevators ... a very man-made steel wall ... and shaft-
like inverted silo going deep below earth ... brightly lit .... "
Subject H1 concludes with
"I see a lot of gold and metal and silver-gold glow all
over ... not much sound ... very silent factory ... scary ... few
people ... very special."
As is often the case, one observes that the basic gestalt of the
target site is cognized and even experienced -- e.g., the underground caves
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LA-5309-7
FIGURE 12
OHIO CAVES, USED AS TARGET IN LONG-DISTANCE REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENT. Described by Subject
(U)
in New York as, "Underground caves or mines
. deep shafts ... darker, cool, moist earth-smelling passages."
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aspect, while specifics are misinterpreted -- e.g., the labeling of the
location as a nuclear installation.
A second less experienced subject (G1) working by himself at SRI,
who had agreed in advance to participate in the same experiment by date
and time, was less successful with the cavern target. This subject
erroneously interpreted early impressions as associated with a museum.
As a result the majority of his transcript, although containing some
correct elements, reflects primarily an incorrect analytical interpre-
tation and cannot be said to constitute evidence for paranormal
functioning.
F.
New Orleans to Palo Alto (Northern California Bank Plaza)
Two experiments carried out between New Orleans and Menlo Park,
California, constitute the final tests of the long-distance series, five
experiments of which have been completed to date (all reported here).
These last two were carried out with the two subjects who had participated
in the first two California-to-New York experiments.
The first experiment in this series involved Subject S1 in New
Orleans viewing activities of a group of three people known to the sub-
ject, at a location in the Palo Alto/Menlo Park area 2000 miles away.
The subject's principal impression was of an "overhang of a building
over their heads ... also a round gold rim around a sunken depression."
The target, a bank building is shown in Figure 13. Principal features
of the target include a dramatic building overhang, and a rectangular
concrete depression with a fountain in which the water comes out of a
circular gold rim. The subject also reported "some kind of fake china
flowers mushrooming out of the depression." There were four orange
lamps mounted on the gold rim. Finally, $1 reported "there was a pro-
jectile coming toward (one of the outbound experimenters). Like a ball
or frisbee, as if Ob1 (another experimenter) has tossed him a ball."
Actually the experimenters had found a paper airplane lying on the ground
and had thrown it back and forth several times. In fact, the photo of
the site taken at the time of the experiment shows the airplane between
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FIGURE 13
TARGET USED IN REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENT - NEW ORLEANS TO PALO ALTO, 30 OCTOBER 1976,
AND SKETCHES BY SUBJECT S1. Subject described: "The overhang of a building over their heads .... " Also,
"A round gold rim around a sunken depression .... In the surface of the depression there is some kind of fake
china flowers. It's like a bonsai tree mushrooming out of the surface." Later in the transcript the subject said,
"There was a projectile coming toward (other experimenter). Some kind of a projectile, like a ball or frisbee.
As if Ob1 tossed him a ball." (It was a paper airplane.) (U)
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them. This is one of the few times that a remote viewing subject has
perceived rapid motion at the target site.
G.
Menlo Park to New Orleans (Louisiana Superdome)
For the final experiment (subject in Menlo Park) it was agreed that
at 1200 CST on a particular day, the outbound experimenter would choose
a target location in his city by random protocol and remain there for
the required 15 minutes. During this time, Subject G1 in Menlo Park
would tape-record impressions and make any drawings that seemed appro-
priate. (The DARPA net was not available because of computer net
malfunction.)
The target chosen by randomized entry into a New Orleans guide
book list was the Louisiana Superdome. The outbound experimenter tape-
recorded the following description as he looked at the building:
"It
is a bright sunshiny day. In front of me is a huge silvery building
with a white dome gleaming in the sun. It is a circular building with
metal sides. It looks like nothing so much as a flying saucer. The
target is in fact the 80, 000-seat Louisiana Superdome stadium."
The subject in Menlo Park described the target as "a large circular
building with a white dome." The subject also expressed feelings of
wanting to reject what he saw because the dome looked "like a flying
saucer in the middle of a city." Some appreciation for this perception
can be obtained from Figure 14 in which the target is shown, together
with the sketches that the subject made.
H.
Content Analysis of a Long-Distance Remote-Viewing Transcript
(Louisiana Superdome)
The transcript generated during the Superdome experiment was sub-
jected to the same type of qualitative analysis as the earlier local
target transcript (see Section IV-C-2). A statement-by-statement
comparison between the transcript and associated aspects of the target
is given in the following:
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1
ax
done
10of
quan
Coment
coment
grass
Rus,
FRONT
Calls . with glas
display Cases.
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FIGURE 14
LOUISIANA SUPERDOME, USED AS TARGET IN LONG-DISTANCE REMOTE-
VIEWING EXPERIMENT FROM SRI, MENLO PARK, AND DRAWINGS BY
SUBJECT G1, 31 OCTOBER 1976. Subject described a large circular building
with a white dome. (U)
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G1:
"Inside a domed area ... like a dome." (The subject drew five
sketches of a circular building, and marked the center of one,
"dome".)
Site:
Outbound experimenter, "All I have in view here is this huge
dome-shaped building.
In front of me is the incredible
silvery white Superdome Stadium that seats 80,000 people with
a covered white dome."
G1:
"It's like a ceiling ... I have the idea of greyness ... like
grey."
(On one of his sketches Gl drew a curved, arched
'ceiling" and beside it wrote, "grey color association.")
Site:
"The ceiling is dark grey," according to Louis J. Kaposta,
the Advertising and Public Relations Director for the
Superdome.
G1:
"Inside ... it's fairly well lit.
But it's not a yellow light
like you'd get from (incandescent) lights."
Site:
Dome lighting includes: mercury lamps (blue, floodlights,
tungsten-halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps and globe lamps.
"It's quite well lit at the top, inside." (Kaposta)
G1:
"It's like maybe sunlight or a cloudy day with sunlight
coming through the roof ....
"Like its transluscent.
When
you look up you can see light but you can't see images
through it."
Site:
"It's quite well lit (in the dome)," according to Kaposta.
However, he reports, "It's solid" (i.e., there's no
transluscence) .
G1:
"I don't see the bright colors, or stained glass windows
or anything like that."
Site:
Photos show no windows in the dome structure. The outside
is silvery white, according to the outbound experimenter.
G1 :
"I'm getting the feeling of circles, of rings ... inside,
looking down. Like there's seats." (G1 drew an aerial
sketch of seats.)
Site :
Diagrams of the seating show a basically circular pattern.
G1 :
"And cement here." (G1 drew "cement" walkways on an aerial
sketch he made of entryways into a circular building.)
Site:
Walkways into the Superdome are cement.
G1 :
"There's grass here ... there's grass out the back here ....
There's a lot of grass."
(On two sketches, G1 wrote grass.")
Site:
"There is a grass lawn adjacent to us which is our property.
We may make it a park next door."
(Kaposta)
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G1:
"Parking lot ....
There's a parking lot here." (G1 drew two
sketches with large areas he labeled "parking lot.")
Site:
Photos show a large parking area.
G1:
"Ok, looking up, there's a freeway that's close by ....
It's
a wide road or freeway.
It's a freeway here."
(G1 drew
a roadway that he labeled "Freeway.")
Site:
"Interstate 10 goes right by the Superdome." (Kaposta) The
Louisiana Superdome Newsletter for July 15, 1975, states,
"The Interstate highway cutting through the downtown area
passes right by the Superdome, making it easily accessible
from all parts of the city."
G1:
"They have blown insulation around it ... toward the top."
Site:
"They sprayed an insulating material. It was blown on,
on top rather than underneath.
In this case it was done
on the outside on sheet metal.
That insulation is about
three quarters of an inch thick. Then on top of that they
sprayed a plastic waterproof substance.
(Kaposta)
He
also explained that the insulation is not visible, since it
is covered over.
G1 :
"That's the thing that's unique about it, it's designed for
acoustics."
Site:
"The acoustics are outstanding because it is sound-proofed
throughout." (Kaposta)
G1 :
"It's like an acoustic theater ....
Like a concert hall, or
something, a stage, something like that."
Site:
"The hall has facilities for a stage." (Kaposta)
G1:
"There's an openness about it, so it's large. .. like a dome."
"Yes, it was very large ... expansive in a building."
(On
his first sketch, G1 drew an arrow pointing up into the
arched structure he'd drawn, and he wrote, "large open space.")
Site:
Superdome General Reference Article, March 1977 -- "This
building, the largest clear span steel structure in the
world ... is literally held together by its roof." Also, this
article refers to the Superdome as, "The world's largest
unobstructed room."
G1:
"It's fairly new. I think it was opened up last year" (i.e.,
1975).
Site:
"It's still not complete.
We took it as substantially complete
August 1975."
(Kaposta)
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G1:
On a sketch of the building and parking area, Gl wrote,
"light poles.'
Site:
Superdome General Reference Article, "In parking areas
surrounding the Dome (there are) 400 and 1000-watt
Metalarc lamps mounted on poles ranging from 20 to 40 feet."
G1:
"The ceiling with panes above him."
-
Site:
"The hall has one solid roof which is curved." (Kaposta)
However, the Superdome General Reference Article states
that the Dome's roof "is nothing more than a series of
overlapping triangles building out from a ring in the
center.
G1:
"Glass display cases. The glass cases, there were a couple of
them. Not like in a row, there were a few. But Russ looked
in the glass cases when he walked out."
Site:
Depending upon the building use, there may be glass display
cases.
G1:
"Yes, rough surfaces on the top. There's also a waviness to
the roof ... like a dome. Above it is wavy. I don't know if
that's a roof."
Site:
Kaposta said there is "no waviness or roughness inside or
out." But the photos Kaposta sent show there is a circular
pattern on top of the outside of the dome that could be
described (from an aerial side view) as bumps, waviness, or
ridges.
G1:
"I'm not certain of the size of the things like the arches.
I know he saw arches but I don't know if they were the kind
of big huge arches that would be expansive in a building.
I
don't think they were, they were smaller."
Site:
A photo and a pamphlet sent by Kaposta show pictures of a
restaurant area with arches. They are far smaller than the
expansive dome structure.
It is well known that the subjective assessment of verbal data can
at best only indicate trends, and not support definite conclusions.
Therefore, although this analysis is qualitative in nature and may con-
tain possible bias of the analysts, it appears to be consistent with the
more quantitative analysis (Section V-D) carried out on two other targets
from this same series.
Taken overall, the results obtained in these five long-distance
remote-viewing experiments are of roughly the same accuracy with regard
:
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to site description as those obtained in local remote-viewing experiments.
The descriptions not only contain correct information beyond that expected
by chance, but also show remarkable detail and resolution. Furthermore,
real-time activities are observed and correctly described in a number of
instances. Although extensive data must be taken before a final conclu-
sion can be reached, it appears at this point that there is little, if
any, degradation in quality of perception as the subject-target distance
is increased from a few miles to trans-continental distances. The
results obtained in the basis of viewing a New York site from SRI in
Menlo Park, California, three thousand miles away, for example, are
similar to those obtained in local remote-viewing experiments. Any
theory of paranormal functioning put forward at this time should take
this insensitivity to distance into account, and any application of
paranormal functioning need not, to first order, consider distance as a
barrier.
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VI
REMOTE VIEWING BY COORDINATES
A.
General
One of the tasks identified in the work statement is to provide a
basis for evaluating the remote-viewing capability and determining the
probability that it is under development in the USSR as an advanced
threat technique that could form the basis of future technological sur-
prise. Thus, a significant part of this study is the evaluation of
application feasibility using US capabilities in a modeled or simulated
threat role.
The assessment of application feasibility in a simulated threat
role in this program takes the form of program subjects being asked to
view sites chosen by the project's contract monitor as being sites of
interest, such as US missile test bays, Soviet military facilities, and
so on. For these sites, where deployment of a cooperative agent to the
site is not feasible, we employ an abstract targeting procedure developed
in an earlier program.“
2
In this procedure the coordinates (latitude and
longitude) of sites, with no further information, are relayed to the
subject via the SRI experimenters. The subject who is to view the site
is asked simply to proceed on the basis of coordinates alone. The
material generated in the experiment is then turned over to the project
monitor for evaluation. As with the abstract targeting procedure dis-
cussed in Section IV-D, we can make no claim as to the logic of the
procedure other than the purely pragmatic one that is appears to work.
B.
Experiments to Calibrate Remote-Viewing Resolution Capability
In an effort to obtain a calibration of the remote-viewing acquisi-
tion and resolution capability under the coordinates procedure, two
experiments were carried out in which the coordinates given the subject
were of technological facilities in the San Francisco Bay area for which
extensive feedback could be obtained.
In both cases, the subject was
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simply given the latitude and longitude of the target site with no
further information as to the nature of the target.
1.
Sylvania Laser Laboratory, Mt. View, California
This was the first of the two experiments involving local
technological target sites carried out to assess the acquisition and
resolution capability of remote viewing in the abstract-targeting mode.
The target latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds
were selected from a US geological survey map by one of the authors (R.T.)
who would have no further contact with the experiment until its conclu-
sion. These identifying coordinates were then passed to a second experi-
menter (H.P.) who was uninformed as to the precise nature of the target
beyond the general knowledge that the site was to be a high-technology
complex. This experimenter then departed for the experimental room
where Subject I1 was waiting.
The subject's first response to being given the coordinates
was that he had an impression of a large complex containing buildings,
roads, trees, power lines, etc. After an initial description and
sketch, the subject made a clay model of the main buildings and the
general layout to capture the three-dimensional aspects. The construc-
tion is shown in Figure 15.
The foreground part of the construction consists principally
!
of a roundish structure on the right and a rectangular building on the
left. (The designated geographical coordinates correspond to the center
of the round building shown at the right on the upper part of the
figure.)
As is the usual procedure, the experimenter with the subject
probed for more detail with regard to what the subject had generated.
He began by asking about the roundish structure. In response, the
subject produced the drawing shown in Figure 16, which he said was some
kind of "aereator" (sic) building. (Actually it is an air-inflated
hemispheric building.) He also dimensioned the building as 85 feet
diameter and 30 feet high.
(The true dimensions are 120 feet diameter
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FIGURE 15
TWO BUILDINGS AT SYLVANIA TARGET SITE, AND CLAY MODELS MADE
BY SUBJECT I1 IN REMOTE-VIEWING EXPERIMENT, MENLO PARK TO
MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA (U)
:
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1220 3' 23 " w
30
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acreator?
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FIGURE 16
PHOTOGRAPH OF AIR-SUPPORTED BUILDING AT THE SYLVANIA TARGET SITE, AND SUBJECT I1's
DRAWING OF "AEREATOR" (sic) BUILDING. Subject judged the building to be 85 feet long and 30 feet
high (actual dimensions are 120 by 60 feet). (U)
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by 60 feet high.) The subject seemed to sense that his scaling was
erroneous for he said that the building seemed to be "getting bigger
and bigger" as he made his second sketch shown in Figure 17. Finally
he offered to put the two buildings in perspective and made the drawing
shown in Figure 18.
He then made a more detailed drawing (Figure 19) of the rec-
tangular building, which he volunteered was some kind of manufacturing
plant. The experimenter asked him for detail on what was being manu-
factured. (The principal activity of interest in this factory is the
construction of a number of 5-kW-output gas-transport lasers. Within
each of these lasers, which are used to heat treat locomotive cylinders,
is a large vane-axial blower to move heated carbon-dioxide gas past an
electrical discharge region. The laser has a 2-foot-by-6-foot plexi-
--
glass viewing port, through which one can observe the glow discharge.)
The subject offered that they were making something about the size of a
car, that there was a feeling of swirling motion, and that the device
being manufactured reminded him of an oven or crematorium because of all
the light and heat and energy that seemed to be associated with it. He
sketched the interior of the device shown in Figure 20(a). Figure 20(b)
is an engineering schematic for comparison. The transformers are on
the right of the laser, as indicated by the subject. The total time for
this experiment was about 90 minutes,
It is significant that the subject emphasized in his drawing
of the device little vertical segments, since the major engineering
decision that brought about successful production of this laser was the
decision to use a segmented anode; that allowed the laser to run at a
100-kW input power without catastrophic arcing.
A photograph of the laser is shown in Figure 21. When the
subject was taken to see the laser at Sylvania, he expressed a subjective .
feeling that he probably did as well as he could have with remote view-
ing, since seeing the laser in person did not give him that much addi-
tional information. It is clear to us from this and the following
experiment that the best results can probably be obtained from the use
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FIGURE 17
SUBJECT I1's SECOND DRAWING OF SYLVANIA AIR-SUPPORTED BUILDING. Subject described the building
as "growing bigger and bigger." (U)
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FIGURE 18
TWO SYLVANIA BUILDINGS, AND DRAWINGS BY SUBJECT I1. Subject correctly pointed out that there were
two principal buildings at the site, and he offered to draw them in relation to one another. (U)

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FRONT-VIEW PHOTOGRAPH OF MANUFACTURING BUILDING, WITH DRAWING AND CLAY MODEL
BY SUBJECT (U)
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FIGURE 19
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OUTPUT
MIRROR
OPTICAL
BEAN
ANODE
PAD
GAS
FLOW
CATHODE
FOLDING
MIRROR
1
FOLDING
MIRROR
NON-OUTPUT
MIRROR
transformers
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FIGURE 20
SUBJECT DRAWING OF INSIDE OF "HEAT AND LIGHT MACHINE" (lower),
AND AN INDICATION OF "TRANSFORMERS" ON THE RIGHT (correct).
Above is shown the Sylvania schematic of the segmented anode of their 10-kW,
6-foot-long, gas-transport laser under test in the target building. (U)
of a technologist knowledgeable in an area of interest working as an
analyst in conjunction with the subject.
2.
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevatron, Berkeley, California
After the success of the Sylvania experiment with Subject I1,
we conducted a similar experiment with an experienced remote-viewing
subject, H1, who is, however, a novice in geographical coordinate experi-
ments. Again our primary goal was to determine how much detailed in-
formation could be obtained from the target site by this means.
In our normal procedure the experimenter with the subject is
kept blind as to the nature of the target so as to prevent cueing, overt
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FIGURE 21
PHOTOGRAPH OF SYLVANIA GAS-TRANSPORT LASER. Transformers are behind the man on the right. (U)
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or subliminal. This is a standard methodological precaution taken in
all psychoenergetic research, and one that we adhere to. To obtain a
measure of operational utility, however, it was of interest to us to
carry out one experiment in which the experimenter had some prior know-
ledge of the target in order to determine whether this factor ledto any
obvious enhancement or degradation. Because this experiment represents
a departure from standard protocol in testing for psychoenergetic
functioning, it must be considered in a separate category with regard to
questions of scientific proof of paranormal functioning. Nonetheless,
with these caveats it should be appreciated that the experimenter with
the subject (1) knew only the name and general function of the target,
(2) did not have any detailed information about what was inside the
target building, and (3) took every conceivable precaution to prevent
cueing or leading the subject.
Subject H1 was given the coordinates of the Bevatron, as taken
from a US geological survey map of the area. In the tape-recorded
interview with the experimenter H1 responded that it was a very technical
place, and immediately offered that "there are highly illuminated rays
shooting out of a belly-button kind of roundness."
H1 then made the
sketch shown in Figure 22. The detailed schematic shown at the left
was unknown to us at the time of the experiment, and we were not able
to confirm the "rays" (or beam-tubes, as it turned out), until a week
later. H1 made a clay model in response to the coordinates, as shown
in Figure 23.
The subject then volunteered a description of the interior of
the building, perceived as an "energy expander" which "hums" with "some
very strong electrical, otherwise, energy going around there ... energy
circulating." To illustrate this, H1 made the second sketch shown in
Figure 24.
Two interior items were reported by the subject that were
completely unsuspected by the experimenter. One was a "shutter-like
door" which HI said "goes up quite a bit, almost to the top."
Subject
H1 also described some "hermetically closed cubes, which don't look
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HEAVY ION PHYSICS
TREAMER
PHYSICS
EXPERIMENTAL
AREA
HEAVY ION TOTAL
CROSS SECTION
HEAVY
ION
FRAGMENTATION
FULL: MOMENTUM
HEAVY ION BEAMS
*HEAVY ION
:BIOMEDICAL
RESEARCH
AREA
STOPPED K
Hilly
SEPTUM
CHANNEL"
BEVATFION
Large
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FIGURE 22
BERKELEY BEVATRON, AND SKETCH BY SUBJECT H1. Subject reported,
"There are highly illuminated rays shooting out of a belly-button type of
roundness." (U)
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FIGURE 23
CLAY MODEL MADE BY SUBJECT IN RESPONSE TO COORDINATES OF
BERKELEY BEVATRON (U)
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FIGURE 24
INTERIOR OF BEVATRON BUILDING, WITH SKETCH BY SUBJECT H1.
Subject reported, "This is an energy expander. It hums. It's some very
strong electrical otherwise energy going around there ... pure energy
circulating." (U)
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MAMMALIVE
like boxes that contain something, " and with "edges sharply defined."
The subject then rendered the drawing shown in Figure 25. The enormous
slide-up door shown at the left of the figure has a strong resemblence
to the subject's drawing, and the building does contain a pile of cubes
(concrete shielding blocks, with metal reinforced edges) which also
match the subject's description.
A detailed examination of the transcript indicates that the
subject's description, although noninterpretative or nonanalytic in
nature, constitutes a credible description of the basic features of the
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevatron complex -- credible in the sense
that a technologist asked to differentiate among transcripts of this
caliber associated with a restricted set of known target sites (Bevatron,
laser production facility, etc. ) would be able to do so without difficulty.
A careful examination of the transcript also reveals a lack of cueing on
the part of the experimenter, and a description of technological detail
beyond that known to the experimenter on the part of the subject; thus,
general knowledge of the target site on the part of the experimenter
does not appear to play a discernible role in this process.
Finally, from the two remote-viewing experiments involving
description of technological target sites acquired on the basis of an
abstract coordinate targeting procedure we conclude that (1) remote
viewing on the basis of coordinates is at least as effective as remote
viewing on the basis of an outbound experimenter at the site, and
(2) subjects not technologically oriented can nevertheless produce
meaningful descriptions of technological installations.
c.
Real-Time Targeting (Minuteman and Poseidon Missile Static
Test Firings in the Western United States)
In an effort to determine the characteristics of real-time remote
viewing, the technical contract monitor requested that SRI subjects
target on a series of events to take place at various given coordinates
in the western United States (Utah and China Lake, California) during
designated time windows. The nature of the events was kept blind to
all SRI personnel until five such experiments were completed. One
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ROLL-UP DOORS - EXTERIOR VIEW
SHIELDING - INTERIOR VIEW
:
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UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 25
TWO VIEWS OF BEVATRON BUILDING. Subject reported, "the shutter-like door
goes up quite a bit, almost to the top ... Inside there are hermetically closed
cubes which don't look like boxes that contain something ... large, heavy metal ...
very definitely cubed with edges sharply defined." (U)
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subject (I1) participated in the experimental series for all five
events, while another (H1) participated in only two. Subject I1 scanned
the events from the Menlo Park, California, SRI Laboratory, while sub-
ject H1 scanned from Los Angeles, California. During the tests, the
subjects made drawings, and their verbal descriptions were tape-recorded.
The characteristics of the events, which SRI experimenters were
told later were static tests of Minuteman and Poseidon solid-propellant
missile firings, were picked up in some detail by both subjects. During
the five event windows, three tests were carried out and two were
scrubbed because of technical problems. Subject I1, who participated in
the entire series, correctly noted this sequence and also was able to
indicate actual event time to within ten seconds.
A drawing by: I1 of a dust cloud raised during the test is shown in
Figures 26 and 27 along with a photograph for comparison. A comparison
of a test site schematic with the sketch that H1 generated for one of
the tests is shown in Figure 28, and a photo of the test bay is shown
in Figure 29.
The results of the experiments, which included recognition of go
versus no-go conditions, timing to within ten seconds, and descriptions
of the events as "drawn-out muffled roars" which "raised dust clouds"
and involved "glowing melting materials," were judged to be excellent
and to constitute a significant breakthrough with regard to real-time
data collection.
Thus, although information that subjects relate most accurately
tends to be nonanalytic, pertaining to shape, form, color, and material,
rather than to function or name, analysts familiar with this aspect of
the phenomenon find the data to be of useful quality.
D.
Sponsor-Designated Targets in the USSR (S)
One of the purposes of the program as outlined in the work state-
ment was to provide a basis for the assessment of capability, and
application probability, of remote viewing as an advanced threat tech-
nique that could be under development in the USSR, and which could form
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a white dust cloud
8
trucks
?
sound of soft winch
a motor starting up.
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UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 26
DRAWING BY SUBJECT 11 OF DUST CLOUD RAISED DURING ROCKET
ENGINE TEST (U)
the basis of future technological surprise. Thus, a significant part of
this study was the evaluation of application feasibility using US capa-
bilities in a modeled or simulated threat role. Data from such US
applications would provide insight into this area of potential advanced
threat development.
In order to assess the potential threat from a Soviet capability in
remote viewing, subjects were asked to provide descriptions of sponsor-
designated targets in the USSR that were of interest to various members
of the intelligence community. The coordinates (latitude and longitude)
of sites so chosen, without further information, were relayed to the
subject via the SRI experimenters.
The subject who was to view the site
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PHOTOGRAPH OF DUST CLOUD AT ROCKET TEST SITE (U)
FIGURE 27
UNCLASSIFIED
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MOVABLE BUILDING
IN COVER POSITION
BUNKER-
CONCRETE
APRON
MOVABLE BUILDING IN
RETRACTED POSITION
S
EARTH COVERED
INSTRUMENTATION
AND BOILER
BUILDING
SOLID-STATE PROPELLANT
TEST BAY, UTAH
This experiments location was: 4103 min 8sec N-112057 min 46 sc W
11:30 10/21/76
.
Dust raising spiraling object
kainmaking machine
Shaft (Metal)
Trajatory
Rail
unsafe arra
Piston
cement wall of
Sunken Trajectory
Safe area
for .
People
Close up of
"Locomotive which powers the spiral "
Crack ormetalfatique
developing in Pistonhousing
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FIGURE 28
DRAWING BY H1, AND ROCKET TEST SITE SCHEMATIC SHOWN FOR
COMPARISON. Subject was kept blind as to the nature of the target. (U)
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PHOTO OF TEST BAY SHOWING TEST FIRING OF ROCKET ENGINE (U)
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then proceeded simply on the basis of coordinates alone as described
earlier in this section. The material generated in the experiment ( tape
recordings, drawings, clay models) was then compiled and turned over to
the project monitor for evaluation. Before discussing these data, we
present a brief description of a pilot study done in cooperation with
-
the project monitor which led to this effort.
1.
Pilot Study
During a visit to the SRI facility in Menlo Park, California,
the project monitor asked for a demonstration of long-distance remote
viewing by coordinates. Subject I1 was available and agreed to such a
demonstration (6 May 1976). The project monitor then chose ten coordi-
nate pairs (latitude and longitude) at random by use of the RAND Table
of Random Digits, so that during the experiment the target sites would
be blind to all concerned. The project monitor and an SRI experimenter
(Puthoff) then entered the laboratory and, one by one, read off the
coordinates to Subject I1, who quickly sketched a map and jotted down a
few phrases to describe what came to mind as the coordinates were read,
taking roughly three minutes per target. After the ten response sheets
were generated (in the presence of the project monitor and SRI experi-
menter) in response to the ten coordinates, the data were roughly evalu-
ated by the project monitor and SRI experimenter by reference to The Times
Atlas of the World. The results of this informal pilot experiment were
sufficiently encouraging to indicate to the project monitor that there
was some basis for conducting a series of experiments of this type in
viewing Soviet sites of interest.
To begin, we were given the coordinates of two Soviet sites of
interest, designated here as Sites A and B. Following is a synopsis of
the data generated in response.
2.
Soviet Site A
SG1A
The project monitor passes along to SRI experimenters the
coordinates of the first site,
Although the
SG1A
4.
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coordinates were intended to designate an airport of interest, they were
obtained from a list that in fact corresponded to a nearby population
center. In response, the first of two subjects to be targeted on this
site generated the drawing of a dam as shown in Figure 30. This draw-
ing was passed along to the project monitor who had forwarded the co-
ordinates. Although the existence of the dam was unknown to the project
monitor when he chose the coordinates, he later verified that a dam
resembling the subject's drawing was located within a few miles of the
coordinates, roughly as far from the population center as the airport of
interest.
It was then agreed that the appropriate next step was to obtain
an overview from the subject without indicating to him that the item of
interest was an airport. Should he find an airport during this second
phase, he would then be asked for more detail. This procedure was
followed and resulted in the overview shown in Figure 31; the subject
did in fact mention an airport in his overview. After completion of
the overview, the SRI experimenter monitoring the subject's efforts
requested more detail on the airport. Figure 32(a) shows the runway
outlines and nearby buildings, while Figure 32(b) indicates detail on
a structure at the end of the major runway. These data were evaluated
by the project monitor, and much of the description was verified.
The
project officer should be contacted for further details.
A second subject, a government employee (Subject,El) trained
in remote viewing in an earlier program, agreed during a visit to SRI
on June 24 to participate in our efforts to obtain information about
this same site. In his case SRI experimenters indicated the coordinates
on a low-resolution world map and told him that the target of interest
was an airport. In response he generated a half-hour tape transcript
and sketches, including the overview shown in Figure 33, and the sketch
of a Concorde-like aircraft that he saw on one of the runways (Figure
34). " The tape transcript and sketches were turned over to the project
monitor for evaluation.
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13 May 1976
10.30 a.m
SG1A
gets langer
up here.
-
A river wich a damon it.
not too high - about 100 yards
across.
Roads on both sides
and going across it.
5
a small holding
3 -trees
Sort of park-like.
a good sized town in this direction.
SECRET
L
FIGURE 30
REMOTE VIEWING BY GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES OF DAM SITE IN THE
USSR
(S)
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SG1A
N
1
14 May 76
11.30. p.m.
This is sart of civilized countryside that remunds
me of the oct shorts of Prague. It is easier to describe
it than draw a map. Some trees. A large highway.
Lots of city to the NW. a large river.
What seems to be an airport. Some radio
towers - maybe a radar net. Another much
smaller town ( city) to the, S.E.
small awfuld-
factores
-
-Pues
Large city
Welding s.
.dam
towers ~
aufuld.
..
-
Highway
low
SECRET
:
FIGURE 31
REMOTE-VIEWING OVERVIEW OF DAM-SITE LOCALE, SHOWING AIRPORT
OF INTEREST IN THE LOWER LEFT (U)
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MENTATIVE
Id say this is a commercial fuld.
to the degree they havetheir
1
Parking Lot
RAMP
0001
HANGARS
BUILDING
approx
1 mil >
+
1
fence
(a) DETAIL ON RUNWAYS
-
-widows
50 feet.
1
(b)
DETAIL ON STRUCTURE AT END OF MAJOR RUNWAY
SECRET
FIGURE 32
REMOTE-VIEWING SKETCH OF DETAIL ON RUNWAYS AND STRUCTURES
(Soviet Airport) (S)
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F
Road
Mure
overshoot-
,
River
3 stories (corner)
2 aksewhere
Several
Ant.
Logs
Stores
area
Hangars
miles
Away
Trees
Long Runway
#-12000 Tek
SECRET
OVERVIEW
FIGURE 33
REMOTE VIEWING BY SECOND SUBJECT ATTEMPTING TO DESCRIBE
SOVIET AIRPORT TARGET (S)
3.
Soviet Site B (S)
SG1A
Coordinates
for a second Soviet site
were given to SRI experimenters, who then passed them on to Subject I1.
As a result of an error on the part of the individual who chose the
coordinates, the coordinates were not of a site of interest, but rather
of a barren area out in the countryside.
In response to the coordinates, the subject described a town
to the southwest and a relatively barren area with "loopy roads" at
the target site (Figure 35). As before, the sketches and a written
description were turned over to the project monitor for evaluation, who
subsequently verified the results as matching the coordinates given in
error.
The error thus provided an opportunity to verify that (1) the
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i
SECRET
FIGURE 34
AIRPLANE VIEWED BY SUBJECT TO BE ON GROUND AT AIRPORT
SITE (U)
subject's output is not simply geared to match the expectations of the
experimenters, and (2) the subject does not simply conjure up what may
reasonably be expected to be correct (an educated or "safe" guess), but
in fact describes the area appropriate to the coordinates even though
it may run counter even to the subject's own expectations. This experi-
ment thus inadvertently provided a "null test" of the type useful in
the testing of human abilities.
4.
Ten-Site Scan
On the basis of the results obtained with scans of Sites A and
B, it appeared there was justification for a commitment to carry out
further scans. Therefore, the project monitor generated a list of ten
additional sites to be scanned by the remote-viewing process, These
sites have been scanned and the data turned over to the sponsor for
evaluation.
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hear "echoes" Echo devices? (Madas?)
worket
holein
ground x
Tower
Roads
P ticos
2
SECRET
FIGURE 35
RURAL SOVIET SITE (S) :
Following is an example (Site 2) that indicates the type of
data being generated on a regular basis. Subjects E1 and 11 scanned
the site independently on different dates. The experimenter carrying
out the task (H.P. ) was kept blind to the target as per standard protocol.
a.
Subject El Scan of Site 2
The coordinates for Site 2
-
were
SG1A
read off to Subject El to begin the scan.
The only information about
the site held by the experimenter who acted as a monitor (H.P. ) was that
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the target was a building 2 to 5 miles south of a lake.
El's comments
were tape-recorded and a single drawing made during the course of the
experiment was collected. As an example of the type of narratives
generated during these experiments, we have included the entire unedited
text of this experiment as Appendix A.
The text, along with the subject's sketch (Figure 36),
indicated that the primary structure of interest was a long building,
trapezoidal in cross section, ending in a "round igloo-like mound" whose
function was clearly technological in nature (e.g., particle accelerator,
laser?).
b.
Subject I1 Scan of Site 2
The coordinates for Sites 1 through 10 were read to Sub-
ject I1 in sequence during an initial quick-response scan of all of the
sites (~ 3 minutes/site). During this sequence, the subject reported
seeing a lake near Site No. 2 as part of his response.
After the contract monitor had evaluated the initial data
set, he requested further information on Site 2 with a request that the
Subject concentrate on an area 2 to 5 miles south of the lake. In re-
sponse, Subject I1 generated over 40 sketches of what he observed in the
designated vicinity, including roads, towers, building complexes, and the
like. (For example, see Figure 37.) He eventually concentrated on a
Structure not unlike that described by Subject E1 (of whom he was not
aware) -- namely, a rather long building with a rounded igloo-like struc-
ture at the end (see Figure 38). In one version, for which he made a
clay model, there appeared to be two building wings of this nature, as
Shown in Figure 39. In the final drawings he concentrated on interior
floor plans and technical detail which included a description of a long
tunnel containing a high-technology structure.
The sum total of data on Soviet sites, submitted to the
sponsor for evaluation, has been partially verified at the SECRET level.
Details of the evaluation can be provided by the sponsor through special
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64-15-14
1700 - 1711 PST &
SG1A
LAKE
Gantaz
TRACKS
Frantoi
5 Miles
Round
Igloo Mound
at end
2
storing
T. Hill
Direction
patronal
Worden Bldg (Temporary)
Bernacks?
Tuner!
SECRET
FIGURE 36
SKETCH GENERATED BY SUBJECT E1 (Site 2) (U)
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airport.
. 3 nd scam.
.
· DETAIL
SG1A
FIGURE 37
2
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SUBJECT I1's OVERVIEW OF SITE 2 (U)

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FIGURE 38
SKETCHES GENERATED BY SUBJECT I1 (Site 2) (U)
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MANTARTVR
TAK
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FIGURE 39
CLAY MODEL GENERATED BY SUBJECT I1 (Site 2) (U)
access channels.
In general, the results indicate that the state of the
art is sufficiently advanced to constitute a useful supplementary data
collection technology.
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i
VII
CONCLUSIONS
The purpose of this program was to provide a basis for assessing
the possibility that psychoenergetic processes representing an advanced
threat technology could be under development in the USSR. This study
was to determine the state of the art and to evaluate application
feasibility.
To carry out this task, SRI concentrated on the evaluation of a
particular human perceptual capability -- a perceptual process called
"remote viewing."
This process, discovered and developed in an earlier
SRI program,
2,3
pertains to the ability of certain individuals to access
and describe, by mental means, information blocked by distance or
shielding from ordinary acquisition, and thereby thought to be secure
against such access.
In particular, the phenomenon we have investigated most extensively
is the ability of a subject to view remote geographical locations, even
at intercontinental distances, given only geographical coordinates or a
person on whom to target. Several individuals' remote viewing abilities
have been developed sufficiently to allow them to describe often in
great detail -- geographical or technical material such as natural forma-
tions, buildings, roads, interior laboratory apparatus, and the like.
The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows:
·
Continuing demonstrations in this program, by replications
in other laboratories 18-23
show that the capability known
as
"remote viewing," is a reproducible human perceptual
ability.
. Analysis of remote-viewing transcripts indicates that for
a given target site 66% of the subject-generated material
constitutes an accurate description of the site, while
only about 37% of the data matches other target sites.
. No degradation in accuracy or resolution as a function
of distance was observed in carefully controlled trans-
continental experiments (up to 5000 km).
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TENTATTUR
.
Real-time activities at the target site are often per-
ceived; experiments have included successful real-time
remote viewing of Minuteman and Poseidon static test
firings in the western United States (differentiation
between successful firings and scrubs, timing to within
ten seconds, descriptions of sounds, melting, dust clouds,
and the like).
· Alphabet letters at a remote location have been identified
to a statistically significant degree, indicating a
potential for access to written material via the remote-
viewing process.
Redundancy, whereby more than one individual attempts to
collect data on a given target, improves reliability by
reducing the effect of the biases of individual subjects.
· Abstract targeting procedures (for example, targeting by
geographical coordinates), yield results comparable to
those obtained by experiments in which a person known to
the subject is used as a target. This observation offers
further evidence for goal-oriented as opposed to means-
oriented interpretation of the "laws" that appear to
govern psychoenergetic functioning.
·
Remote viewing, through the use of geographical coordinates
as target designators, has provided descriptions of Soviet
military facilities designated as targets by the sponsor,
with detail comparable to that obtained and verified during
local and coast-to-coast experimentation. The data, sub-
mitted to the sponsor for evaluation, has been partially
verified in the large at the SECRET level; further details
of the evaluation are available from the sponsor through
special access channels.
.
Observation that new and untrained subjects can perform
remote viewing and that they improve with practice
-
indicates that reliance on the availability of special
subjects may not be necessary.
The remote viewing information channel is imperfect,
and is therefore best utilized in conjunction with other
resources. Nevertheless, the data generated by this
process exceed any reasonable bounds of chance correlation
or acquisition by ordinary means, and therefore the remote
viewing process constitutes a valuable information source.
-
.
It is known that workers in the Soviet Union have pursued
work in the psychoenergetics field for the past 40 years.
We therefore believe that they have achieved a level of
proficiency similar to that reported here.
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IMITATIVE
:
4
Appendix A
SUBJECT E1 SCAN OF SOVIET SITE 2 (S)
2.
:
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NEMAMTVE
Appendix A
SUBJECT E1 SCAN OF SOVIET SITE 2 (S)
-
Following is the entire unedited transcript of a remote-viewing
scan of a site in the USSR generated by Subject El in response to being
given the site's geographical coordinates. A sketch of the site generated
during the scan is given in Figure 36. As in our standard protocol, the
experimenter (H.P.) with the subject was kept ignorant of the specifics
of the target, having been told only that it was a building 2 to 5 miles
south of a lake.
PUTHOFF :
Today is December 15, 1976. This is a remote viewing experi-
ment.
Hal Puthoff is the monitor. El is the viewer. This is in
Project 10Q, Site No. 2. I have the coordinates which I'll read
off. What I'd like, if it's possible, is to start out with a fairly
high view, because I know something about the topology of the region.
And if you find a certain thing then I can direct you to the right
SG1A
building.
It's basically a building. The coordinates are
SG1A
E1:
OK,
I get some snow on the ground, a forest. The large thing that
rises up over here is apparently a natural formation, like a large
hill, it's over that way.
I pick up something that makes it look
like it's about sunrise. Picking up nice red highlights. Over to
the left from the hill is a compound, fairly large compound, fenced.
Several buildings. Strange sort of shape to the building in that
it's a typical, American temporary-type building. Where you've got
a long building with little arms coming off of it. A feeling of
temporariness to it.
It isn't a permanent site; that part of it
isn't a permanent site.
That's basically a one-story building. At
the corner of the fence there's a two-story building, almost like a
guard tower. Over beyond that, further over, we get into a concrete
structure of some sort. Again, the first impression that I get is
1
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that it's long. Not very high, not very wide, but long. I haven't
got anything to compare it to for a feel of how long it is. Like
you'll sometimes get the impression of bigness, this is an impres-
sion of longness. It isn't quite square.
PUTHOFF :
The whole compound you mean?
E1:
Well, the long building. It isn't rectangular, it's more trapezoi-
dal in cross section. I can sketch that for you. It looks like it
might be something out of an energy physics compound where you've
got a long tunnel that you're shooting down or accelerating particles
down. Or it might even be something as massive as something that
you are launching a test vehicle down, firing a rocket down. That
kind of dense, long, small cross section.
PUTHOFF: Do you think you can sketch that, or would you rather just
continue looking around?
E1:
I'll try to sketch that. At the end of the long building there's a
round igloo-like mound. It seems to terminate here. Here's the
cross section for this and this is two stories here. And this
thing seems to have six wings sticking out of it. I don't know why
there seems like there's six there, but there seems to be six, It
seems significant that there's six. And the tower is just in this
corner. I don't see a tower over in this corner. And the hill that
caught my eye is over here someplace, off the page.
PUTHOFF :
Why don't you draw an arrow point in that direction.
E1:
I get some sort of a forest over here. There's a road.
You have
to look down.
PUTHOFF :
When you go up and look down, any additional landmark type
things?
E1:
Yes, some sort of a gantry over here someplace.
PUTHOFF: When we go out to the side we can scotch tape sheets side by
side.
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E1:
It's a gantry or a crane or something on wheels and there's track
that runs along there. It seems to parallel the direction that
that building runs. The building is running in a strange direction
compared to the way everything else is laid out.
PUTHOFF :
When you go way up in the air do you see any water around?
E1:
I get an impression of a lake over this way someplace. Just a
flash of the sunlight off the water. I can't see this and the
water at the same time. Sort of flash back and forth. Either I
can see the water over here, or I can see this.
PUTHOFF: Do you get an idea of how much distance there might be between
these two?
E1:
A number of 5 miles.
PUTHOFF :
OK, sounds like this is the right place. Do you want to take
a specific part maybe and get more detail. There's plenty to
start with if we want to run this through verification, and if
this is correct, probably over the phone he can just ask you to
look further. If you can get any detail, in these experiments
we're trying to see what kind of detail. But whatever feels natural
like looking in a building, getting more detail on the outside of
the building.
E1:
This structure is massive. It's got that strange trapezoidal cross
section.
There's some instrumentation down on this end.
PUTHOFF :
Is that the igloo end or the other end?
E1:
No, the rectangular end, two-story rectangular end. I can't get
a feeling at all for what it is. Maybe I'm trying to be too
rational about it. The first thing that comes to mind is that it's
particle physics of some sort. The reason I can't pin it down is
that I don't recognize the test setup. I've got nothing to compare
it to.
PUTHOFF :
Can you say which end is the starting end and which end is
the stopping end?
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E1:
Well, I think it starts at this end and they shoot in that direc-
tion.
I also get the impression that this thing is evacuated.
PUTHOFF :
So on your diagram they shoot from the right toward the left.
In other words, from the two-story building toward the igloo.
E1:
Yes, toward the igloo and the chamber down through this strange
trapezoid shape is evacuated. They shoot in a vacuum.
I don't
know what they're shooting or what they're trying to do.
PUTHOFF :
I'll leave it up to you if you want to probe further, or
that's plenty of information to start with.
E1:
I imagine I can take a crack at it.
PUTHOFF :
The time is now 1711, West Coast time, and that's it.
E1 :
There was relatively new snow.
I didn't see anybody but I thought
I heard people walking around because I heard the crunching of the
snow.
Without thinking too much about it I get the feeling that it
was very early in the morning and that's about right, time wise.
It's about a twelve hour difference between here and there I would
imagine.
PUTHOFF :
I figure this out everytime, but I don't remember.
E1:
From Washington to Hong Kong is 12 hours, so if this is three
hours ...
PUTHOFF :
What's Greenwich to Moscow?
E1:
Three hours.
And we're nine to Greenwich?
PUTHOFF :
We're eight.
E1 :
So it's 11 hours.
PUTHOFF :
It's 11 hours to there. OK I can check here, I'm not even
sure what part it's in. Anyway, do you want to go with what you ...
So basically maybe before people begin showing up.
E1:
Yes.
I heard the crunch in the snow, and that made me think that
we probably had a guard walking around here. That was the nature
of the crunching in the snow. I've got to learn to look for
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people, because I didn't see him. It was pretty.
It was quiet,
because it was white. You could see the sun bouncing off the snow
giving it sort of a red tinge. It's interesting.
I always tend to
see colors very vividly, and the building here is relatively drab.
Colorless and this is all grey in nature.
-
PUTHOFF :
So the one that's grey is the one with the igloo and the two
story.
E1:
Yes, it's just blah.
It doesn't have any bright colors, so I don't
get an impression of a color.
It's just very calm and peaceful at
that time, or this time.
I also noted that this uses a lot of
electricity. There are some rather heavy power transformers over
here on the side someplace. I can't locate them right now.
In
thinking when I said grey here, I jumped over to the grey trans-
formers, dark-colored transformers too. Set, they're not high on
poles, they're set like transformer housing distribution stations,
right down low. So apparently it uses a lot of power, whatever it
is. No quick match as to what it is.
It's not something that I
recognize, that I can put a name to.
And since I've never messed
around with high energy physics or what have you, I wouldn't
recognize it. Early when you were talking about the rocket motor
test business, that all conjures up good pictures because I've
been, 10-12 years ago, out to watch all of the early Polaris motors
being fired at Aerojet, so I've seen both their vertical and their
horizontal test facilities. I don't think it's that. It does not
look like any rocket motor test facility that I've ever seen.
It
looks more like something along the lines of high energy physics.
Conceivably, an idea just crossed my mind and I'll come out with
for whatever it's worth, some form of a laser weapon test facility.
Particularly a laser that is earmarked for anti-satellite use. No
reason for it, no logic for it. I was just sitting here talking and
this thought flashed across my mind so I'll come out with it.
PUTHOFF :
OK, I shall send it along.
1
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Appendix B
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS POTENTIALLY APPLICABLE TO PSYCHOENERGETICS
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Appendix B
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS POTENTIALLY APPLICABLE TO PSYCHOENERGETICS
One of the common objections to the existence of so-called para-
normal functioning is that it seems to be in conflict with the laws of
physics. Our investigations, however, have led us to the contrary view
that the data can in all probability be accounted for either within the
framework of physics as presently understood, or within the framework of
extrapolations that have been proposed to account for other (non-psychic)
data. In fact, we anticipate that not only can we use physical princi-
ples to help us understand psi phenomena, but the psi data base will
probably shed light on some of the current problems in physics -- e. g.,
with regard to the foundations of quantum theory, and for geometrical
models of space-time events such as exist in relativity theory. In this
section we outline how we are making use of our experimental data base
to deduce the relevant physical principles and laws that govern psi
functioning.
In addition to attempting to determine whether psi phenomena are
generally compatible with the laws and content of physics as presently
codified, we are also examining the limits of specific physical theories
in modeling psi phenomena. The ideas in modern physics we have under
consideration as potentially relevant to modeling psi phenomena include:
(1) the possibility that remote viewing is mediated by extremely low-
frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves,
6-9,24,25
(2) the possible signifi-
cance, for remote viewing, of Bell's theorem
26
and the Einstein-Podolsky-
Rosen (EPR) paradox
27
of quantum theory which emphasize that "no theory
of reality compatible with quantum theory can require spatially separated
events to be independent,"
1128
but must permit interconnectedness of dis-
tant events in a manner that is contrary to ordinary experience-9,30
(experimentally confirmed at the microscopic level) ;
31,32
(3) the proper
interpretation of the effect of an observer (consciousness) on
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experimental measurement,
33,34
of possible significance in psychokinesis;
(4) the possibility that the causality-reversing tachyon"
35
or advanced-
potential solutions of physics may play a role in precognition;
36-38
and
(5) the potential relevance (for a general theory of psi phenomena) of
theories based on geometries that provide for a more extended structure
of the space-time metric.
*
To indicate the tenor of our approach, let
us consider briefly two examples from this list.
A reasonable first hypothesis is that remote viewing is mediated by
extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves, a hypothesis that
does not seem to be ruled out by any obvious physical or biological facts.
6-9
This hypothesis, put forward by I.M. Kogan of the Soviet Union,
suggests that information transfer under conditions of sensory shielding
is mediated by ELF waves with wavelengths in the 300-to-1000-km region.
Experimental support for the hypothesis is claimed on the basis of:
(1) less than inverse square attenuation with distance, compatible both
with earth-ionosphere-waveguide-mode trapping, with source-to-percipient
distances lying in the induction-field range as opposed to the radiation-
field range; (2) observed low bit rates (0.005-0.1 bits/s) compatible
with the information carrying capacity of ELF waves; (3) apparent inef-
fectiveness of ordinary electromagnetic shileding as an attenuator; and
(4) standard antenna calculations entailing biologically generated cur-
rents yielding results compatible with observed signal-to-noise ratios.
!
On the negative side with regard to a straightforward ELF inter-
pretation as a blanket hypothesis are: (1) apparent high-resolution,
real-time descriptions of remote activities in sufficient detail to
require a channel capacity in all probability greater than that allowed
by a conventional modulation of an ELF signal; (2) lack of a proposed
mechanism for coding (and decoding) the information onto the proposed
*
We wish to acknowledge the technical contributions of Elizabeth A.
Rauscher, a consultant to SRI on leave from Lawrence Berkeley Labora-
tory, who has done extensive research on physical theories relevant to
psi functioning -- in particular, work on multidimensional geometries.
1
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ELF carrier; and (3) apparent precognition data. The hypothesis must
nonetheless remain open at this stage of research, since it is conceiv-
able that counterindication (1) may eventually be circumvented on the
basis that the apparent high resolution and high bit rate results from a
mixture of low bit rate input and high bit rate "filling in the blanks"
from imagination; counterindication (2) is common to a number of normal
perceptual tasks and may therefore simply reflect a lack of sophistica-
tion on our part with regard to perceptual functioning;
39
and counter-
indication (3) may be accommodated by an ELF hypothesis if advanced waves
as well as retarded waves are admitted.
37,40
Experimentation to determine whether the ELF hypothesis is valid
can be carried out by the use of ELF sources as targets, by the study of
parametric dependence on propagational directions and diurnal timing,
by experimentation under unusual conditions of shielding (e.g., in a
submarine), and by the exploration of interference effects caused by
creation of a high-intensity ELF environment during experimentation.
All of these are under consideration in our laboratory and elsewhere.
Because of the apparent difficulties with the ELF hypothesis,
especially in accounting for the relatively high resolution and data
rate of paranormal perception. serious consideration is being given to
alternative mechanisms. A more speculative, but promising, hypothesis,
which could in principle account for both remote viewing and precogni-
tion, was developed in conjunction with Gerald Feinberg of Columbia
University. It is proposed that the ordinary Minkowski 4-space (one
temporal, three spatial) might simply be the real part of an eight-
dimensional complex space-time. For this generalized coordinate model
we let the spatial coordinates be represented by x > x + ix , and
similarly for time, t - t + it'.
Analogous to the expression for the
distance between two points in Minkowski 4-space,
As2 = Ax2 - c2At2
2.2
·
We take the corresponding expression in the complex 8-space to be
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As2 = AsAs* = Ax2 + 1x12 - c2At2 - c2At12
With regard to modeling remote viewing in real time (At = 0). we
can construct situations in which the remaining first, second, and
fourth terms in the above equation add to zero (As = 0). Therefore,
even though there is an ordinary (3-space) separation Ax between the two
points, the distance in the complex 8-space is reduced to zero. Under
the hypothesis that the imaginary (primed) coordinates are accessible
to consciousness, reduction of the 8-space separation to zero could in
principle provide for a coupling between remote viewer and target site.
Given the additional geometrical channels provided by this model, a
similar argument can be mounted to account for precognition (As = 0 for
At < 0). We thus have the possibility of a geometrical interpretation of
the "Quantum Interconnectedness" principle by which events remote in
space-time are nonetheless connected by non-local correlations,
30-32 or.
in this interpretation, by the nature of the fabric of space-time itself.
We are presently pursuing the implications of these and other models.
Our goal in these investigations is to develop a theoretical structure
to account for the data at hand, and to predict new, testable experimen-
tal outcomes.
!
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