CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0
REMOTE VIEWING SESSION DATA
***************
* * *
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*
Remote Viewer :
LB
*
*
* *
¡
*
*
*
Date
14/14/85
*
Starting time :
1448
hours, local
* !
*
Site #
0126
#
#
Working mode
:
HEM
Other
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*
*********
************
*
*
*
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**** * * *
Ending time
e
1546
hours, local
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Notes
Ops Twe
*
Highest stage
-----
.
#
Evaluation
+
*
:*****
*********
***
***
**********
**
* * * #
Actual site
Nevado
del Ruiz (Volcanic Explosion)
*
*
#
A
*
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0
* ** * *
*
Interviewer
PS
Observer (s)
*
*
*
Acquisition by :
CRV)
ERV
PRV
ARV
BRV
Other
*
Feedback class :
A
8
* * *
Vr
**
RV summary

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0
SG1J
SG1J
FT. MEADE
14 Nov 85
1448 HAS.
5° 10'N
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SOME OTHOU FOR
ING THOUS NOT
COMING THROUGH.
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5º 10 N
1
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3
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52: POSTY C
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Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0
5
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LIKE ASHES.
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---
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SL:
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5
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S. AFRICA.
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10
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11
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SITE OND
1546

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CPYRGHT
A34 FRIDAY. NOVEMBER 15. 1985
..
THE WASHINGTON POST
THE ERUPTION OF THE NEVADA DEL RUIZ
Months of Volcanic Rumbling
Warned of a Major Blow-Up
armonic Tremors, Mud Slides Preceded Colombian Blast
By Thomas O'Toola
Washington Post Still Write.
Just as Washington's Mount St.
Helens did 'five years ago, the
Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz
that erupted Wednesday night gave
but numerous telltale signs in the
last 11 months that it was building
toward a major eruption.
As long ago as last December,
seismographs began to pick up the
unddlings of spasmodic earth-
quakes below the volcano that are
the harbingers of worse things to
come. In March of this year. there
were several small steam and ash
1
'Everybody knew
this was a volcano
that hadn" suffered
an eruption in 400
years ....
- Dr. Robert Christiansen, USGS
explosions ' near the , volcano's
17.400-foot summit that signified
more violent activity, and then on
years, but everybody still knew it
was a volcano."
Volcanoes erupt when the molten
rock that normally lies far inside the
mountain starts rising up, heating
the rock above it and forcing it
aside.
There were signs in recent
weeks that a giant pool of molten
rock (magma) as hot as 2,200 de-
grees Fahrenheit had begun to stir
inside the mountain and had begun
to move upward, pushing aside the
tons of rock that lay in its way. The
telltale signs of moving magma
were the "harmonic tremors" in the
earth near the volcano that appar-
ently were picked up by seismic lis-
tening devices in the two months
since the mud slide of Sept. 11.
Harmonic tremors are rhythmic
motions in the earth that involve an
almost continuons release of seis-
mic energy. While earthquakes
come in episodes and then stop, .
harmonic tremors go on for long pe-
rinds at a steady frequency.
Christiansen said that harmonic-
tremors are always the result of
moving magma and usually are the
first . signs of an impending major
eruption. The U.S. Geological Sur-
vey said yesterday that Nevado del
sleeping towns in the valley was as
deep as 15 to 20 feet.
A lesser mud flow on the western
side of the mountain was still
enough to create an artificial dam in
the Quali River above the town of
Mariquita, which Colombian offi-
cials were attempting to evacuate
before the mud-filled dam broke
apart on its own. Floods from melt-
ing snow and ice were reported in
four rivers whose headwaters begin
on the mountain.
The physical similarity between
the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz and
Mount St. Helens is striking. Both
volcanoes slowly built to eruptions
and both eruptions did most of their
early damage with mud slides. The
huge snow and ice pack on both
mountains melted in the heat of
eruption, cascading tons of water
and mud down the flanks of the
mountains into the river valleys be-
low. But only 57 people died in the
Mount St. Helens eruption, which
occurred in a sparsely populated
area.
Nevado del Ruiz is the largest
and tallest of six volcanoes strung
out in a line through central Colom-
bia. The northernmost volcano in
the Andes Mountains, Nevaric del
Magdalena River
Honda
Lagunilla River
Armero
Mariquita
+Guali River
NEVADO DEL RUIZ
ICE CAP
V
cicanic eruption magma reservar
underneath the volcano increases in
size and pushes upwards. When rock
strata can ne longer contain the - -.:-
pressurized magma, lava erupts through
fissures. Nevado del Ruiz erupted on its
northeastern side, melting its ice cấp ánd
causing huge quantities of mud to fjore
down its flanking rivers.
Manizales
Chinchina
MAGMA
BY JO ELEEN MURPHY -- THE VINRHEINCION POST
largest mud slides in South Amer-
ican history. The USGS' Dr. Darrel
G. Herd described it as a "wall of
mud, trees and ice that went racing
down the valley to the Rio May-
sen said. This means they retain
their gases, allowing pressure to
build, rather than venting them in a
way that would relieve the pressure ""
that builds up inside volcanoes. he
building in strength until it exceeds
the weight of the rocks above that
are holding it in. The result can be
arother eruption. The twin eruption:
of Nevado dei Ruiz Wednesday
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CPYRGHT
17.40: 4set sammiit that signifies
more violent activity, and then on
.Sept. 11 of this year there was an
: eruption that melted enough snow
·and ice on the mountain peak to
: trigger a inud slide 20 miles long.
"It's not surprising, except for
the violence of the eruptions that
shook the mountain Wednesday
- right," Dr. Robert Christiansen of
the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
said by telephone from his office in
Menlo Park, Calif. "Everybody
knew this was a volcano that hadn't
red a major eruption in 400
eruption. The U.S. Georgien Sur-
vey said yesterday that Nevado del
Ruiz suffered "two catastrophic
eruptions" Wednesday night he-
tween 11 p.m. and midnight.
The back-to-back eruptions on
the northeast flank of the mountain
melted snougi. ice and snow on the
mountaintop to trigger what the
USGS called "two catastrophic mud
flows down the northeast flank,"
which were channeled directly into
the Lagunillas River in the broad
valley at the base of the mountain.
Eyewitnesses said the mud in four
Na. The northernmost volcans in
the Andes Mountains, Nevado del
Ruiz has also been the most de-
structive of the six Colombian vol-
canoes, erupting in a "thunderous"
explosion on March 12, 1595, and
erupring again in 1828 and 1829.
The volcano was "still smoking" in
1831 after its two 19th-century
eruptions.
The Colombian mountain was
also the scene of a major earth-
quake on Feb. 19, 1845, that shook
loose enough snow and ice on top of
the mountain to trigger one of the
Food, trees and ice that wont racing
down the valley to the Rio Mag-
dalena, killing an estimated 1,000
people" then living in the valley.
Why did Nevado del Ruiz go al-
most 400 years without a major
eruption? Geologists say they don't
know, but many suspect it is in the
makeup of the magma that lies be-
low the volcanoes that formed the
Andes Mountains.
"The magmas in the Andes are
very viscous and stickier, let's say,
than the magmas that lie beneath
the Hawaiian voicanoes," Christian-
way that would relieve the pressure
that builds up inside volcanoes, he
said. "Hawaiian volcanoes are al-
ways blowing off pressure, which
might be one reason they don't
erupt catastrophically."
Another reason lies with volca-
noes themselves, among the most
unpredictable phenomena of nature.
Said Dr. Meyer Rubin of the USGS:
"Volcanoes can go 1,000 years
without an eruption. There's no
way to predict their behavior."
The upward movement of magma
can continue off and on for years,
another eruption, The twin eruption
of Nevado del Ruiz Wednesday
night could thus signal the start of
an eruptive period that could last
another 10 years.
There is also the chance that
Nevado del Ruiz will have an impact
on the world's weather. Depending
on how much sulfur dioxide gas it
pumps into the upper atmosphere,
the erupting volcano could send a
cloud of gas and dust around the
world blocking just enough sunlight
from reaching the surface to cool
the earth by a degree or two.
Volcano Kills
Thousands
In Colombia
VOLCANO. From Al
fur nwacal supplies, potable water
and tr insport equipment to help in
a rescue effort hampered by the
destruction of bridges and roads.
Colombian radio and television ad-
vised people in the disaster zone not
to drink from local water supplies,
which were feared contaminated by
sulfur.
Un Washington, the U.S. Agency
for International Development said
12 helicopters were dispatched to
the scene from a base in Panama, at
the request of Colonibia. A state-
ment said AID relief expert Paul
Bell and Darrell Herd of the U.S.
Geological Survey in Reston, who
has studied the volcano, were en
Foute to offer assistance.]
The the most seriously affected
town was Armero, with a population
of 25,000, about 18 miles east of
the volcano. It was said by some
residents to have been 90 percent
submerged.
Several neighborhoods in the city
0
Magdalena
Cauca
`Gom Margarita
River
Honda
E Manizales
imero
Chinchioa
Pereira
NEVADO
Bogota
Cartago
DEL
RUIZ
ibague
VENEZUELA
Bogota
COLOMBIA
M
ECUADOR
BRAZIL
BY LANKY FOGEL-THE WASHINGTON POST
PERU
C
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Mud surrounds and partially buries Armero, as seen from a nearby hill. The town center is inundated at lower right.