CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6

K200938
FLD:
DARE
A NEW
CONTACTLESS
TACHOMETER
Electronic
V. A. KONSTANTINOV, Engineer
Recensentog #4
Pano
p.1.2
1951
P.1
N.C.
also in FID # K200938
The instrument in question - the RVT
electronic tachometer - is a radiowave
measuring instrument connected with the
object through the microwave-band elec-
tromagnetic field.
Radio Methods
More Convenient
Than Stroboscopic Ones
The RVT radiowave tachometer meas-
ures the rotational parameters of various
machine parts from any distances, practi-
cally in any requisite frequency range, no
matter what materials these parts are
made of, and irrespective of their shape
and size. Electromagnetic energy passes
through dielectric walls and, what's no less
important, spreads over the machines'
natural waveguiding elements such as the
engine exhaust pipe to the turbosuper-
charger rotor, to the valves, etc.
All this gives the RVT instrument con-
siderable advantages over stroboscopes.
Adequate Accuracy
The radiotachometer measures ro-
tational speed with an accuracy to within
±0.017 s-1. If the rotor carries an impeller
or a pinion, measurement accuracy can be
increased K times, where K is the number
of blades or teeth. All it takes is a no less
than 3-mm blade or tooth pitch.
By dialling the number (from 1 to 99)
equal to that of blades, teeth and other
such elements of a rotating object, the
operator reduces the instrument's reading
to ordinary units of measurement. If r
tational speed fluctuates more than thre
times per second, the automatic spee
change tracking system goes on.
Many Uses
The radiowave principle of measureme
extends the range of the RVT tachometer
application considerably. It is suitable f.
measuring surface vibrations accurately
within 0.1 Hz, as well as running speed
cars, for instance, from as far as 600
away.
Combined with an oscillograph or with
recorder, the RVT instrument can be us.
for measuring relative amplitudes ar
phases of various objects' surface .
0
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6

BASIC SPECIFICATIONS OF THE RVT RADIOTACHOMETER
Measurement ranges:
rotational speed, s-1
vibration, Hz.
1-10 - 1,6-104
1.10 - 2-105
Measurement ranges
Rotational speed, s-1
Vibration frequency, Hz
1-101-1,6-102
1,6-102-1,6-103
1,6-103-1,6-104
1-101-2-105
Error:
S-1
± 0.017
±0.17
±1.7
-
Hz
-
±0.1
Minimal measure-
rement time, S ...
0.3
0.5
3.0
-
Automatic frequency change speed tracking range, %.
from + 300 to -70
Maximum distance to object, m .....
10
Linear movement speed measurement:
speed, km/h.
20-200
error, %.
±1
Power consumption, W ..
36
Supply voltage, V:
a.c. (50 or 400 Hz)
220
d.c ..
12 or 24
Mass, kg.
4
orations, as well as for periodic structure in-
egrity checks. Such checks can reveal a
roken pinion tooth or a mechanical flaw in
turbocompressor rotor blade, for in-
stance.
The RVT Succeeds
Where Stroboscopic and
Induction
Tachometers Fail
A typical application of the RVT radiota-
chometer is measuring the rotational speed
of the IC-engine's supercharger com-
pressor. This is a very important job as any
deviation of the turbosupercharger's work
rom normal impairs the technical and
economic indices of the engines. Such
measurements are essential to the devel-
opment and operation of aircraft engines,
centrifuges, turbines of various kinds,
electric motors (low-power ones, in par-
icular), gyroscopes, etc.
The RVT radiotachometer cuts down to a
hird or even a fifth the time it takes to
neasure the rotational speed of the basic
elements of an internal combustion engine,
or instance. Measurement speed is 10 to
'0 times higher as compared with the
stroboscopic method. The RVT radio-ta-
chometer measures the r.p.m. of the cen-
trifugal oil cleaner rotor in 6-8 sec, and of
the turbocompressor rotor, in 10-15 sec.
A New Circuit
for Measuring
the Reflected Signal
Modulation Spectrum
In measuring turbocompressor rotor
r.p.m., a typical reflected signal modulation
spectrum contains, apart from the fun-
damental harmonic the frequency of which
equals the rotor rotational speed, a number
of harmonics with different frequencies -
components connected with the operation
of the turbine, with valve and engine piston
movements. The amplitude distribution of
the harmonics depends, in general, on the
incidence angle of the microwave signal,
on the distance of its travel, on the shape of
the object, and other factors. Sometimes a
reflected signal is superimposed by modu-
lations caused by the movement of several
components, although only one com-
ponent's rotational speed is to be meas-
ured.
The way out was offered by a transceiv-
ing aerial whose designing and right posi-
tioning relative to the rotating object invol-
ved a number of technical problems. We
have devised a method of filtering the re
flected signal modulation spectrum, of fir
ding the requisite harmonic and of trackin
it automatically.
Measurement results are brought out t
a four-digit indicator. An output to an an
logue recorder is provided. As a result, th
instrument can be used for automatic co
trol of most various objects' rotation
speed change dynamics.
The use of standard microcircuits an
opto-isolators has simplified the instrumer
to a maximum.
No special skills are required for ope
ating an RVT tachometer.
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6
3
10

K200938
T SPEEDS
F UP TO FIVE METERS PER SECOND
SHKARLET,
N.C.
nd. Sc. (Tech.).
stitute of Introscopy
FID# K200938
le new
ectromagnetoacoustical
MA) thickness gauges are
ee from the shortcomings
the priorart gauges. The
MA instruments are
ontactless, they measure
e thickness of rolled stock
: any travel speed with a
gh accuracy and have a
imber of other important
Avantages.
The new method consists, essentially, in
‹citing an ultrasonic oscillation pulse in
e metal article being rolled. The thickness
the article is judged by the time it takes
e pulse to pass through it, bounce off the
oposite surface and return to the sensor
3 a reflected signal.
leasurements
ontactless
The ultrasonic pulse is excited by means
f a pulsed electromagnetic field lasting for
pout 0.5 usec. The pulse oscillator induc-
or is in a permanent magnetic field which
ermeates the article under test. Eddy cur-
ents induced by the pulsed electromagne-
c field interact with the permanent mag-
etic field and thus excite an ultrasonic
rave inside the material being tested. The
rave extends in depth, reaches the oppo-
ite surface and comes back causing vi-
rations on the surface which generated this
ulse. The vibrating metal in the permanent
magnetic field excites eddy currents which
re picked up by the inductor now playing
he role of a sensor.
As we see, the ultrasonic pulse is in-
luced, and the bounced-off signal picked
ip, without any contact with the article
inder test.
ligh Measurement Speed
and Accuracy
Pulse repetition frequency is high
enough - about 100 Hz. Therefore,
neasurements can be made at a rolled
stock travel speed of up to 5 m/sec. The
basic error does not exceed 2% over the
thickness range of 3 to 15 mm, with scale
inearity guaranteed.
High Level
of Interference
Suppression
If the distance between the surface of
the article under test and the inductor/sen-
sor changes, that has no effect at all on the
accuracy of the EMA instrument's oper-
ation. This is an important advantage of the
new thickness gauge over the ordinary
magnetic and electromagnetic thickness
gauges.
The neutralisation principle is used to
prevent the EMA instrument from reacting
to any chance defects of the surface: the
"fault" signal is given only in case the rolled
stock thickness is indicated to deviate from
normal for five times at a stretch.
Finally, the instrument's circuit provides
for suppressing the interference concomi-
tant to acoustical wave propagation in
metal.
FI.
DA
Seconcentr
5
Panorama
#4
19 81
No matter how curved the surface of the
article under test may be, this causes no
measurement error. As a result, the new
instrument is best suitable for testing pipe
walls as well as sheet metal thickness.
Rolling Mill Operators'
Work Made Easier
The EMA thickness gauge gives accu-
rate indications of positive and negative
deviations of the rolled stock thickness
from normal. The deviation limits are set
from the instrument's control panel. The
EMA thickness gauge can be fitted into the
rolling mill stand control loop to make the
operator's work easier. The EMA instru-
ment can be connected with an automatic
device indicating, in one way or other, any
faults in the rolled stock.
The new instrument has been patented
in the USA, the FRG, Japan and France.
2
+
3
!
7
10
1
4
5
6
1
8
Schematic Diagram of Thickness Gauge
1 . Magnetic circuit
6 - Pole piece
2 - Supply source
7 - Excitation coil
3 . Constant magnetic field coil 8 - To detector
4 . Pick-up coll
9 · Switch
5 - Tube
10 - Capacitor supply source
:
9
CR
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6

K200938
FOURTEEN NEW
FLAW DETECTORS
ficomaintony
1981
.1
N.C.
V. V. KLUYEV, Dr. Sc. (Tech.),
General
Director, Spektr
Research and Production
Amalgamation,
O.S. SEMYONOV, SEME
. Cand. Sc. (Tech.), Laboratory
Chief, Institute of Introscopy
S. SEMENOV
N.C.
ID # K200938
Il pages
The instruments which de-
tect flaws in ferrous and non-
ferrous metal articles by the
eddy current or constant mag-
netic field method keep improv-
ing. In this article we dwell on
new flaw detectors using these
methods. Many of these in-
struments have no parallels in
world practice, and others are
much simpler and more reliable
than the prior-art ones. They
offer new ways of checking for
higher product quality.
The VD Flaw Detectors
for Checking
Quantity-Produced .
Articles
These instruments check
wire, pipes, round billets, round
and hexahedral rods from 0.05
to 200 mm in diameter, and
square billets from 50×50 to
250 × 250 mm in cross section®
for surface defects by the eddy
current method. A distinctive
feature of this method is that it
brings equally accurate results
for ferrous and non-ferrous
: metals. The article under test is
put either through a ring on
which transducers rotate, or
through a stationary trans-
ducer.
As compared with the prior-
art flaw detectors with rotating
transducers, the instruments of
the VD series are more reliable,
simpler in design and take less
: time to maintain. Testing pipes
and rods with a curvature of up
to 5 mm per one meter of length
is no problem at all. Variations
in the clearance between the
transducer and the surface
under test within ±2 mm have
no effect on the flaw detector's
sensitivity, as distinct from the
prior-art models. Hence the
possibility to test oval-shaped
as well as round articles.
The
VD-40N,
VD-41N,
VD-43N and VD-60N flaw de-
tectors are fitted with a facility
pinpointing the flaws in the
rolled articles under test. They
provide for sorting the articles
into three categories: "OK",
"Reclaimable spoilage", "Re-
ject".
The VD-30P flaw detector
can by right be described as
universal. It gives invariably
accurate indications over a
wide range of diameters, con-
figurations and metal grades
thanks to its easy-to-detach in-
terchangeable
transdu
with the appropriate dian
of the through hole and to
cial filters. Indications are
livered to counters, a rapid
tion automatic recorder ai
computer.
The VD-10P and VD
flaw detectors test wire n
of any material with ele
conductivity ranging from
60 Mohm/m. The result ana:
unit indicates the length
number of the inadequate (
lity sections and their loca
in the wire coil. The same
formation is delivered to
printer and to the programn
unit which controls the grac
assembly of the autom
machine making various {
cles out of tested wire.
The design of these flaw
tectors'
transducers
me
special
mention.
Usu.
transducers intended for t
BASIC SPECIFICATIONS OF THE VD-SERIES FLAW DETECTORS
Detector model
VD-10P
VD-20P
VD-30P
VD -- 40N
VD-41N
VD-43N
VD-60N
Transducer type
Stationary
Rotary
Object configuration
round
round
round
annular
hexahedral
round or annular
square
Diameter, side length, mm
0,05-0,2
0,2-0,6
1-47
30-120
10-50
100-200
50-250
Minimum size of flaw
detected, in depth:
mm
% of diameter
10
10
1-2*
-
-
Maximum object travel speed, m/s
5.0
5.0
3.0
1.5
1.0
depending on diameter;
:
less for sized articles, more for hot !- rolled articles ;*** including those on edges.
32
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6
0.5 ***
-
-
0.2-0.5 **
FIL
DAR
. .... .... .

1
stationary flaw
ctors have proved
efficient means of
d stock testing (1).
able flaw detectors
very convenient for
ing various items
t on the workbench,
ng the assembly and
nting of large-size
les and construc-
s (2).
BASIC SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MD-SERIES FLAW DETECTORS
Detector model
MD-10F
MD-901
MD-1001
ducer type ..
Rotary
Rotary and stationary
Stationary
: under test ....
Pipe
Sheet
Hot-rolled strip
with welded joint
dimensions, mm:
heter.
thickness.
30-160
up to 12
560-2,500
0.4-3.0
≥ 500
1-6
Eness
detectable crack:
, mm
0.2 and over
-
-
. % of metal
ness
10
cravel
I, m/s
up to 3
0.5-5.0
0.5-10.0
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6
ting thin wire are made by hand.
The new transducers do not
require handwound coils and
are much longer lasting than
the prior-art ones.
The MD Flaw Detectors
for Testing Steel
Sheets and Pipes
In many cases the eddy cur-
rent method proves less effec-
tive than that of constant mag-
netic field. This is true of testing
thick rolled sheets and pipes
when inner as well as surface
flaws are to be detected. Such
sheets and pipes can best be
tested, at the rate of their ma-
nufacture, with the MD flaw de-
tectors depending on constant
magnetic field for their oper-
ation.
The MD-10F flaw detector
comes complete with devices
for magnetizing a pipe perpen-
dicular to its axis (circularly)
and for rotating transducers
around a pipe. An electronic
system processes the signals.
coming in from the transducers
and delivers commands to the
sorting mechanism, with data
on the outer and inner flaws of
the pipes arriving separately.
The MD-10F flaw detector has a
self-checking unit which signals
any mechanical failure and any
disturbance of control settings.
The MD-901 flaw detector is
intended for testing rolled
sheets In crosswise and
lengthwise metal cutting
lines. It sorts out good sheets
from faulty ones and indicates
the location of flaws.
Magnetic field dispersions in
the flaw areas are picked up
both by stationary transducers
and those rotating parallel to
the metal sheet. Depending on
the rolled stock width there can
be one transducer or several of
them. A special electronic cir-
cuit precludes mistakes con-
nected with changes in clea-
rance between the transducers
and the metal article being
tested.
The MD-1001 welded joint
indicator is
instrument
33
h

which delivers signals to the
automatic system of a contin-
uous steel sheet rolling mill.
The information it furnishes
about the joint helps adjust roll-
ing speed and prevent metal
strip breakage.
The instrument can also be
used in continuous pickling
lines, automatic weld cut-out
machines and other such units.
An important distinguishing
feature of the MD-1001 indicator
is its high noise immunity which
precludes the generation of
spurious signals. An ingenious
layout of the transducers and a
new method of information
processing make it possible to
single out the weld's magnetic
field only, "ignoring" single or
group flaws. The instrument
comes complete with a sheet
magnetizing device.
Portable Universal
Flaw Detectors
for Transport and
Heavy Engineering
Surface defects - cracks,
nair seams, laps and other
defects of ferrous and non-fer-
rous metals on planes 30 mm
and more in diameter are de-
ected quickly and accurately
by the VD-20N-D instrument.
Fitted out with a rotary trans-
ducer and using the eddy cur-
'ent method, it finds flaws from
).2 mm deep and 10 mm long
even on articles with an elec-
rically non-conductive coating
up to 1 mm thick. The flaw de-
ector is equipped with a defect
ndicator lamp. A more accu-
ate information about the sur-
ace being tested can be ob-
ained from the screen of a ca-
hode-ray tube. As the trans-
lucer is moved over the metal
urface by hand, the instrument
as a special electronic circuit
) preclude spurious signals
nd misses which might be
aused by variations in the
learance between the trans-
ucer and the metal being
sted.
The MD-40K flaw detector is
ery convenient for checking
the quality of coarse threads
of steel components like studs,
rods, bolts and hooks. The in-
strument is fitted with a set of
transducers which make it
possible to check on threads 30
mm and over (pitch from 1.5 to
12 mm). The instrument detects
flaws more than 0.5 mm deep
and over 10 mm long. The
transducer is moved consecu-
tively along the thread fillets for
the purpose. The procedure
can be easily mechanized, if
necessary.
The MD-41K flaw detector
reveals fatigue cracks in gear
transmissions with pitches
of 4.5 to 8 made of ferromag-
netic materials. This instru-
ment, with its electronic circuit
similar to that of the MD-40K,
comes complete with a set of
transducers for checking gears
over. the
entire
above-
mentioned range of pitches. A
transducer is placed in a gear
tooth space by hand. An ad-
vantage of this instrument is
that with it gear wheels can be
tested without the gear trans-
mission being taken apart be-
cause there is no need for any
special preparation of the arti-
cles under test. The instrument
detects flaws more than 2 mm
deep and over 10 mm long.
The
magnetographic
method of testing welded
joints in pipelines up to 1,420
mm in diameter, with pipe walls
up to 20 mm thick is more con-
venient - and much safer for
the servicing personnel - than
the radiographic one. The
magnetographic method con-
sists in placing a piece or ord-
inary ferromagnetic tape 35 or
50.8 mm wide on a joint and
recording the flaws' magnetic
field on it by passing a per-
manent magnet along the joint.
The new UV-30G flaw detec-
tor reads the information re-
corded on tape - the leakage
fields of the weld's flaws - and
reproduces it on the screen of
the cathode-ray tube. Besides,
test results are recorded on
paper tape. This method of tes-
ting is 5-7 times more efficient
than the X-ray or radioisotopic
ones.
UP TO A THOUSAND
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
PER HOUR
A new semi-automatic solder-
ing device is 3 to 10 times more
efficient
than
conventional
equipment.
Add to this the excellent qua-
lity of soldered joints, the opti-
mum conditions of solder mel-
ting, extraordinary soldering
efficiency (it takes a mere 0.3
sec to solder one lead), the ab-
sence of solder "jumpers"
between leads, the light weight
and compact size.
Another merit of the device is
a simple and efficient facility to
prepare microcircuits for ass-
embly. It bends microcircuit
leads, trims them to size and
applies precisely
dosed-o
amounts of solder to their enc.
- all in one working stroke!
The semi-automatic solderir.
device and the integrated ci
cuit preparation facility hav
been patented in the USA, th
FRG, Great Britain, France
Japan and other countries.
BASIC SPECIFICATIONS OF THE SEMI-AUTOMATIC
DEVICE FOR SOLDERING INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
AND FACILITIES FOR PREPARING THEM
Semi-automatic device:
Efficiency, integrated circuits per hour.
up to 1,000
about 300
Soldering temperature, 0° C.
Temperature maintenance accuracy, 0º C ...
± 5
210 x 280
Maximum printed card size, mm.
Overall dimensions of the semi-automatic
soldering device, mm ..
400 × 500
× 220
17
Mass, kg ...
Power consumption, W.
150
Integrated circuit preparation facility:
700
Press effort, N.
20
Rod stroke, mm.
Solder wire diameter, mm ..
Overall dimensions of facility, mm ..
0.3-0.6
150 x 60
× 100
2
Mass, kg.
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6
1

Licensintony
W ULTRASONIC
STRUMENTS
R OBSTETRICS
Panorama
# 4,
1981
Left - the Malysh por-
table instrument; right
- the Ekran stationary
tomograph with two di-
splay
units (screen
sizes: 23 and 50 cm in
diagonal).
KOROLYOV,
:. (Tech.),
of Department,
ite of Introscopy
early diagnosis problem
ved by various methods,
rasonic method (UZ) be-
rtainly the most suitable
or use in obstetrics and
cology.
ew instrument, Malysh
DM), has been devel-
specially for obstetri-
Its ultrasonic converter
continuous ultrasonic
tions to the patient's
Trough a layer of contact
The signals, reflected
internal structures, are
up by the converter, with
quency of the oscillations
ed from moving struc-
'the heart, blood vessel
etc.) differing from that of
cillations reflected from
ary structures (the Dop-
"ect). As distinct from the
scopic methods, the ul-
c converter is not affec-
usual acoustic noises in
se.
design of the amplifier
etector of the Doppler
icy signal ensures the
noise ratio necessary for
sending minimum-power ultra-
sonic signals to the patient's
body. Radiation intensity does
not exceed 10 MW/cm2, which
totally precludes any harmful
effects on the foetus.
The Malysh can be used for
diagnosing palpitation
and
cardiac disorders in the foetus
and for localizing the placenta.
Palpitation is detected as early
as in the 8th-10th week of
pregnancy. Thanks to the con-
verter fitted with focussing len-
ses of a special design, the lo-
cality of the moving structure
control has been sharpened,
and their differentiation im-
proved. In these character-
BASIC SPECIFICATIONS OF DEVICES FOR
ULTRASONIC MEDICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Malych
Ekran
area under examination, mm.
Any
400 × 300
I resolution, mm:
depth
2,5
ontal
4,0
ing frequency, MHz
3,0
2,5
storage time, min
-
15
consumption, W.
1,5
500
supply.
From batteries
From 220 V mains
(g
3
250
istics, the Malysh is superior to
the prior-art instruments of its
kind.
The Ekran (UI-20EM) pulse
ultrasonic tomograph is of a
still wider diagnostic lati-
tude. It shows sectional roent-
genograms of internal organs
on a display unit screen.
Upon being processed, the
echo signal proceeds to the
memory unit where an image is
formed by scanning. A vidicon
is used as a memory cell; in-
formation about the converter's
co-ordinates and the reflected
pulse amplitude is delivered to
the intermediate picture tube.
The final signal shaped on the
vidicon target appears on the
videomonitor screen as a half-
tone image. This mode of to-
mograph operation is usually
referred to as the "B" mode.
Besides, the image can be
formed in the "A" and "M"
modes.
In the former mode, the sig-
nal is formed on the screen only
along the line scanned by the
ultrasonic converter at the
moment. On the horizontal, the
visual display unit
screen
shows the value of the echo
pulse, and on the vertical - the
distance inside the body from
the converter's point of contact
with the skin. This method is
commonly used in encephalo-
graphy to study brain struc-
tures.
What the "M" and "A" modes
have in common is the immobi-
lity of the converter. The differ-
ence between the modes is that
in the "M" mode the echo am-
plitude shows as bright lumi-
nance in the appropriate point
of the screen, and the ampli-
tude of this or that structure's
movement - as a "hump" ris-
ing over the scan trace. This
mode is used chiefly in cardio-
logy for examining heart valves
and walls.
Two visual display units with
23 and 50 cm screens (diag.)
broaden the sphere of the Ek-
ran device's application con-
siderably. In particular, it is
used for diagnosing kidney, liv-
er and other troubles, localizing
stones, tumours and inflam-
mations. It enables oncologists
to determine the size and posi-
tion of metastases more con-
fidently.
A distinguishing feature of
the Ekran device is its conver-
ter of a new design which en-
sures high pulse resolution of
the device.
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6