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24 Sep
198
Author: Klyuyev, V., Professor, vice-
president of the 10th International
Conference on Nondestructive Testing
Title :
COMMENTS AT CLOSE OF CON-
FERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Primary source:
Izvestiya, August
28, 1982, No. 240 (20221), p. 3,
cols. 4-5
Extract :
From August 23 to 27, the
10th International Conference on
Nondestructive Testing was held at
the Moscow International Center of
Trade and Scientific-Technical Ties
with Foreign Countries. Scientists
from 40 countries of the world took
part in it.
In our country, a great deal of
attention is devoted to the devel-
opment and introduction of means of
nondestructive testing and diagnosis.
Specialized institutes have been
created :
the Scientific Research
Institute of Introscopy (Moscow),
the Institute of Physics of Metals
of the USSR Academy of Sciences"
Urals Research Center (UNTS AN SSSR),
the Belorussian Academy of Sciences1
Institute of Applied Physics, and
others.
Scientists of the USSR
Academy of Sciences, industry re-
search institutes, educational in-
stitutions and industrial enterprises
are pursuing a broad front of research
on methods of nondestructive testing
based on the use of all types of
physical fields and radiation. We
are proceeding to the comprehensive
evaluation of the quality of products
according to numerous parameters
simultaneously, through the use of
various physical phenomena and analysis
of results by computers.
Held in conjuction with the con-
ference was the international exhibi-
tion "Introskopiya-82", in which.
more than 35 foreign firms that
manufacture and develop instruments
and equipment for nondestructive
testing participated.
*
*
Author :
Kulinich, S.
Title :
NEW NONDESTRUCIVE TESTING
EQUIPMENT FOR AVIATION AND INDUSTRY
Primary source :
Moskovskiy
komsomolets, August 31, 1982, No. 199
(13469), p. 4, cols. 8-9
Abstract:
The article reviews ad-
vances in the development of acoustic
and other advanced types of control-
and-measuring equipment for industry.
Particular attention is devoted in
this connection to accomplishments
of the Scientific Research Institute
of Introscopy
in Moscow.
This insti-
tute's developments are said to include
a non-standard ultrasonic thickness
gauge no larger than a pocket cal-
culator. This instrument operates
with materials ranging in thickness
from 1.5 millimeters to 1 meter.
A number of other developments of
the Moscow institute are mentioned,
including a pulsed X-ray unit which
permits the study of various processes
taking place at high speeds (such as
the operation of a nozzle or the in-
jection of fuel into the combustion
chamber of an automotive or aircraft
engine). Some of the institute's
developments are said to have no
foreign counterparts, including an
optical reflexometer for monitoring
the structure and homogeneity of heat-
proof and durable coatings; a multi-
parameter eddy-current unit for
measuring operating characteristics
of products manufactured from several
layers of metal; and a vibration
diagnostic complex for monitoring
the strength of stressed structures
in shipbuilding, aviation and other
industries.
Another original devel-
opment is . an acoustical flaw detector
for aircraft building.
The zone of
a flaw in adhesive joints of multi-
layer structures is shown on a panel
by this instrument, which is about
the size of a cigarette pack. Unlike
the best foreign models, the Soviet
flaw detector is said to be capable
of revealing defects at depths as
great as 20 millimeters.
Doctor of Technical Sciences,
Professor Vladimir Vladimirovich
Klyuyev, the director of the intro-
scopy institute, claimed that the
USSR is keeping abreast of the most
advanced countries in the fields of
nondestructive testing. The Moscow
institute has assumed leadership in
the development of a number of methods,
according to Klyuyev. Many of the
approximately 30 instruments developed
each year by the institute are said
to surpass their foreign counterparts.
*
*
*
(continued
next column )
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Author :
Klyuyev,WV .. , Professor, vice-
president of the 10th International
Conference on Nondestructive Testing
Title :
COMMENTS AT CLOSE OF CON-
FERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Primary source :
Izvestiya, August
28, 1982, No. 240 (20221), p. 3,
cols. 4-5
Extract :
From August 23 to 27, the
10th International Conference on
Nondestructive Testing was held at
the Moscow International Center of
Trade and Scientific-Technical Ties
with Foreign Countries. Scientists
from 40 countries of the world took
part in it.
In our country; a great deal of
attention is devoted to the devel-
opment and introduction of means of
nondestructive testing and diagnosis.
Specialized institutes have been
created :
the Scientific Research /200938
Institute of Introscopy (Moscow) ,
the Institute of Physics of Metals 30/8907
of the USSR Academy of Sciences"
Urals Research Center (UNTS AN SSSR),
the Belorussian Academy of Sciences
(202640 Institute of Applied Physics, and
others. Scientists of the USSR
Academy of Sciences, industry re-
search institutes, educational in-
stitutions and industrial enterprises
are pursuing a broad front of research
on methods of nondestructive testing
based on the use of all types of
physical fields and radiation. We
are proceeding to the comprehensive
evaluation of the quality of products
according to numerous parameters
simultaneously, through the use of
various physical phenomena and analysis
o f
results. by computers.
Held in conjuction with the con-
ference was the international exhibi-
tion "Introskopiya-82", in which
more than 35 foreign firms that
manufacture and develop instruments
and equipment for nondestructive
testing participated.
*
*
Author :
Kulinich, S.
Title :
NEW NONDESTRUCIVE TESTING
EQUIPMENT FOR AVIATION AND INDUSTRY
Primary source :
Moskovskiy
komsomolets, August 31, 1982, No. 199
(13469), p. 4, cols. 8-9
(continued next column)
Abstract :
The article reviews ad-
vances in the development of acoustic
and other advanced types of control-
and-measuring equipment for industry.
Particular attention is devoted in
this connection to accomplishments
of the Scientific Research Institute
of Introscopy in Moscow.
This insti-
tute's developments are said to include
a non-standard ultrasonic thickness
gauge no larger than a pocket cal-
culator. This instrument operates
with materials ranging in thickness
from 1.5 millimeters to 1 meter.
A number of other developments of
the Moscow institute are mentioned,
including a pulsed X-ray unit which
permits the study of various processes
taking place at high speeds (such as
the operation of a nozzle or the in-
jection of fuel into the combustion
chamber of an automotive or aircraft
engine).
Some of the institute's
developments are said to have no
foreign counterparts, including an
optical reflexometer for monitoring
the structure and homogeneity of heat-
proof and durable coatings; a multi-
parameter eddy-current unit for
measuring operating characteristics
of products manufactured from several
layers of metal; and a vibration
diagnostic complex for monitoring
the strength of stressed structures
in shipbuilding, aviation and other
industries. Another original devel-
opment is an acoustical flaw detector
for aircraft building.
The zone of
a flaw in adhesive joints of multi-
layer structures is shown on a panel
by this instrument, which is about
the size of a cigarette pack. Unlike
the best foreign models, the Soviet
flaw detector is said to be capable
of revealing defects at depths as
great as 20 millimeters.
Doctor of Technical Sciences,
Professor Vladimir Vladimirovich
Klyuyev, the director of the intro-
scopy institute, claimed that the
USSR is keeping abreast of the most
advanced countries in the fields of
nondestructive testing. The Moscow
institute has assumed leadership in
the development of a number of methods,
according to Klyuyev.
Many of the
approximately 30 instruments developed
each year by the institute are said
to surpass their foreign counterparts.
*
*
*
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198

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Uma
83
JPH
BO58917
Institute of Metal Physics in
Sverdlovsk, the All-Union Institute
of Nondestructive Testing in Kishinev,
the Institute of Physics in Minsk,
the Institute of Electric Welding
imeni Paton in Kiyev and other in-
stitutes are collaborating with
research centers of member-countries
of the Council for Mutual Economic
Aid (SEV) in the development and
industrial introduction of nondestruc-
tive testing methods. NIIIN is co-
ordinating a SEV project entitled
"Development of Magnetic and Electro-
magnetic Methods", for example.
Fields of specialization are said
to differ from country to country.
Bulgaria, for example, is specializing
in magnetic-particle flaw detection
equipment for analyzing various types
of cracks in the surfaces of metal
products. No such flaw detectors
are being produced in the USSR, ac-
cording to Klyuyev. He relates that
this type of organization of work
permitted the implementation of a
program for the development of a
monitoring and diagnostic instrument-
complex in the period: 1976-1980.
This program included 11 major pro-
jects. and more than 100 assignments.
Asked about long-range tasks of
international cooperation, Klyuyev
stresses the importance of developing
a new generation of nondestructive-
testing instruments capable of de-
tecting product defects at early
stages of the production process.
They would be compact, high-speed,
multipurpose instruments with a wide
range of measurements.
*
*
*
Title :
GROMYKO COMMENTS ON STATUS
OF ARMS CONTROL. TALKS
Primary source :
Pravda, February 24,
1983, No. 55 (23581), p. 4, cols. 5-8
Abstract :
The article is a lengthy
interview in which A. A. Gromyko
responded to questions of a Pravda
correspondent concerning the cor-
relation of military forces between
West and East and negotiations on
arms control.
The majority of the
interview is devoted to a discussion
of the status of the Geneva negotia-
tions on limiting medium-range nuclear
weapons in Europe.
SB
Title: GEORGIAN SSR STATE PRIZE FOR
SYNCHROTRON STREAMER CHAMBER
Primary source :
Zarya Vostoka,
February 25, 1983, No. 47 (17523) ,
p. 1,cols. 1-2; p. 3,cols. 1-2
Abstract: The article announces the
names and titles of authors, authors'
organizational affiliations and titles
of works that have been awarded the
1983 Georgian SSR State Prize in the
field of science and technology,
There are three works in the area of
science and one work in the area of
technology.
Among the works in the area of
science is one with the title:
Development and Construction of a
Streamer Chamber for the Study of
Hadron-Hadron and Hadron-Nuclear
Interactions, and Introduction of
This Chamber in the Proton Synchrotron
of the Institute of High-Energy Physics
(Serpukhov) Within the Framework of
the 'Risk' Experiment.
*
*
Comments and additions or deletions
to the distribution list should be
addressed to :
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Leningrad State University, regarding
the nature and prospective uses of
the method of chemical assembly for.
obtaining various materials and pro-
ducts. Aleskovskiy and colleagues
of his at Leningrad Technological
Institute are credited with pioneer
work in this field, and this group
of scientists has assumed leadership
in the development of the chemical-
assembly method, it is claimed. Ac-
complishments in this field are said
to open up possibilities for the pur-
posefully directed synthesizing of
many compounds, including polymers
and semiconductors ..
Chemical-assembly technology is'
already being employed in a number of
production facilities, Aleskovksiy
reports. In one process, iron products
are obtained through the reduction of.
volatile ferric chloride on a special
substrate. Similar processes employ-
ing volatile compounds may be used to
synthesize semiconductor materials
and materials consisting of both
metallic and nonmetallic compounds.
Low-temperature chemical: welding is
mentioned as another possible applica-
tion of the method. Seamless joints
can be obtained by the low-temperature
method without causing thermal stresses
in the materials that are being welded,
according to Aleskovskiy.
Author :
Vanke, V., Doctor of Physical.
Mathematical Sciences, Professor at
Moscow State University
Title :
FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR POWER
STATIONS IN SPACE
Primary source :
Izvestiya, February
25, 1983, No. 56 (20402), p. 3, cols.
1-3
Abstract :
The author discusses the
technical and economic feasibility of
assembling solar power stations in
space and transmitting their energy
to Earth by microwaves. He says it.
has been determined that the economi-
cally optimum capacity of such a sta-
tion in geostationary orbit is between
5 and 10 million kilowatts. For a
5-million-kw station, the overall
area of the solar collectors would
have to be about 50 square kilometers.
The panels would have to be film photo-
cells made of either silicon or gallium
arsenide. The weight of such a sta-
tion would be between 50,000 and
100,000 tons. Rockets capable of
carrying payloads of 200 to 500 tons .
would be needed to transport the
materials. For the microwavetrans-
mission of energy, the author says
the transmission efficiency would
be nearly 100 percent with a trans-
mitting antenna one kilometer in
diameter, and a ground receiving
system between 7 and 12 kilometers
in diameter. The transmitter would
have to have a large number of micro-
wave generators with capacities
ranging from hundreds of watts to
several tens of kilowatts. The author
says the efficiency of reception and
reconversion of microwave energy on
Earth could be as high as 90 percent.
The microwave beam would be entirely
safe for humans, with the density
of its energy flow being less than
the intensity of solar radiation
on a clear summer day ..
The author says that foreign spe-
cialists have estimated that a proto-
type of such a station on a reduced
scale could be deployed as early as
10 years from now, and the experience
of its operation could make com-
mercial orbiting solar power stations-
a reality in 20 to 30 years. The
author says it would have to be an
international project ..
*
*
Author :
Kulinich, .S. (interviewer)
SB
Title : . SOCIALIST-BLOC COUNTRIES'
COOPERATION IN NONDESTRUCTIVE-TESTING
R &D
Jos
Primary source :
Moskovskiy komsomolets,
February 10, 1983, No. 34 (13604),
p. 4, cols. 8-9
Abstract :
The article is an inter-
view with Doctor of Technical Sciences,
Professor Vladimir Vladimirovich
Klyuyev, the head of the Moscow
Scientific Research Institute of K 200938
Introscony (NIIIN) , regarding the or-
ganization and results of cooperation
among socialist-bloc countries in the
field of nondestructive . testing.
NIIIN is credited with numerous ac-
complishments in this field. It is
coordinating work on nondestructive-
testing technology.
Klyuyev reports that. NIIIN, the
(continued next column)
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tipo
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addition to the oceanographic research,
extensive hydrometeorological studies
are being conducted as part of the
program of the "Poleks -- Yug" expedi-
tion.
In a few days, we expect to put
in at the New Zealand port of Little-
ton.
*
*
*
Author:
Mukhin, Yu.
(Noginsk Rayon)
Title :
POLYMER COMPOSITES R&D AT
CHEMICAL PHYSICS INSTITUTE
Primary source: Leninskoye znamya,
October 19, 1980, No. 240 (18460),
p. 4, col. 1
Extract: Polymer composite materials
-- new man-made materials -- are moving
more and more vigorously to the fore-
front in technology. Their use as
structural materials holds particular
promise. Scientists of the USSR
Academy of Sciences' Institute of
Chemical Physics are pursuing major
work on the study of composites' prop-
erties and methods of obtaining them.
"The rapid advancement of technol-
ogy has confronted scientists and
engineers with the extremely complex
task of developing materials with
fundamentally new properties," related
Doctor of Chemical Sciences B. A.
Rozenberg.
"Composites possess high
strength and reliability, good rigidity
and lightness, resistance to corrosion
and other valuable qualities. They
are polymers reinforced with glass,
carbon, boron, organic and other
fibers which, possessing the necessary
strength, bear the main load in the
material. "
Major work on the development of
new composites is being pursued at the
Institute of Chemical Physics under
the direction of academician N. S.
Yenikolopov, a Lenin Prize laureate.
The manufacturing of composite mater-
ials by the method of polymerization
filling has acquired particularly large
importance in recent years.
However, the cost of products made
of composites is still very high, owing
to the costliness of their source
materials -- polymer binding and rein-
forcing fibers. However, these dif-
ficulties will also be overcome even-
tually.
*
*
*
Author:
Amirkhanyan, A. (Dolgoprudnyy)
Title:
NEW HUMIDITY GENERATOR SIMU-
LATES HIGH-ALTITUDE WEATHER CONDITIONS
Primary source:
Leninskoye znamya,
October 19, 1980, No. 240 (18460),
p. 4, cols. 2-3
Abstract:
The article reports on the
principles and uses of a versatile
humidity generator which has been
designed by specialists of the Ivanovo
Power Engineering Institute and scien-
tists of the Central Aerological
Observatory.
The generator is used to
simulate high-altitutde temperature
and humidity conditions which determine
the density of cloud cover and affect
the readings of meteorological instru-
ments. Sensing devices are placed in
the unit's working chamber.
The
sensors absorb vapor-and-air mixture
from a saturation chamber. Different
pressures and temperatures are created
in the chambers for the purpose of
simulating the flight of a radiosonde
through different layers of the atmo-
sphere. B. P. Zaychikov, a senior
science associate of the observatory,
demonstrated the use of the chamber
to simulate a very high altitude at
which clouds form.
The humidity
generator reportedly has enabled scien-
tists to determine a wide range of
changes in humidity at any atmospheric
temperature, and consequently to eval-
uate the precision of relative-humidity
calculations made with the aid of
radiosonde sensors.
The development
of industrial humidity-generating
units for weather forecasters and
aviation meteorological services ic
planned in the near future.
*
*
*
Author :
Vladimova, I.
TH
Title :
PROGRESS OF HOLOGRAPHY R&D
IN OPHTHALMOLOGY REVIEWED
Primary source :
Leninskoye znamya,
October 19, 1980, No. 240 (18460),
p. 4, cols. 6-8
Abstract: The article reports results
of research on medical applications
of holography which is being pursued
in the USSR. Particular attention is
devoted to the use of holography for
diagnostic purposes in ophthalmology.
Research in this direction is being
(continued next page)
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A
C
c.conducted by Professor 01'ga Borisovna
Chentsova, head of the ophthalmology
FD
'department of the Moscow Oblast'
Clinical Scientific Research Insti-00/0/08
tute imeni Vladimirskiy (MONIKI), and
L. G. Kopeyko, a science associate of
the All-Union Scientific Research
Institute of Medical Technology.
Assessing the progress of this work,
Chentsova reported that research on
the safety of the new method has been
carried out, a hologram recording
scheme has been perfected and the
spectral characteristics of all eye
structures have been studied. The
possibility of beginning the develop-
ment of fundamentally new holographic
technology for ophthalmology has been
demonstrated. Chentsova also displayed
holograms that are used for the purpose
of detecting damage to eye tissues.
Kopeyko expressed the hope that in
the near future, new holographic
technology for eye clinics may be
developed as a joint project of MONIKI,
the All-Union Scientific Research
Institute of Medical Technology and
the Introscopy Scientific Research
Institute, whose specialists have
Taken part in this work.
*
*
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K200938
Author :
Izrael', Yu., corresponding
member of the USSR Academy of Sciences,
chairman of the USSR State Committee
for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring
of the Natural Environment
Title:
ACHIEVEMENTS AND FURTHER
TASKS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Primary source:
Izvestiya, February
7, 1981, No. 32 (19708), p. 3, cols.
1-3
Abstract:
.Izrael' reviews successes
of environmental-protection measures
that were implemented in the last 5-
year plan period, and points out
remaining problems which require
further efforts in the new 5-year
period. One of the problems he notes
is the fallibility of reliance on
ministries to undertake the anti-
pollution measures that are assigned
to them. For example, Izrael'
explains, when individual ministries
in a large city or industrial region
implement anti-pollution measures,
enterprises that are subordinate to
other ministries may continue to
pollute, and the average level of
(continued next column)
pollution in the territory is not
significantly reduced. Izrael' names
a number of ministries that did not
use up the capital allocated for
environmental-protection measures in
the last. 5-year plan period.
They
included the pulp and paper industry,
farm machinery industry, chemical
industry, and ferrous and nonferrous
metallurgy. In view of this, Izrael'
says there must be a combination of
industry and territorial principles
of planning environmental-protection
measures.
Izrael' notes that more than 6
billion rubles is to be spent on envi-
ronmental protection in 1981, with
more than 1.7 billion represented by
state budget allocations.
*
*
*
Title:
INTERVIEW WITH AIRCRAFT
DESIGNER O. K. ANTONOV
Primary source:
Izvestiya, February
7, 1981, No. 32 (19708), p. 3, cols.
6-8
Abstract:
The article is an interview
with general aircraft designer Oleg
Konstantinovich Antonov on the occa-
sion of his 75th birthday.
Anticipating a question about the
latest achievements of the bureau that
he heads in Kiyev, Antonov started
talking about the AN-72 and AN-32
transport airplanes and the 17-seat
AN-28 passenger plane, all of which
were developed in the 10th 5-Year
Plan period. The AN-28 is intended to
replace the passenger version of the
AN-2, which is now 37 years old.
Nevertheless, Antonov observed that
there are still enough orders for the
AN-2 to continue its production through
the next five years. Antonov also
talked about his bureau's AN-24, which
he says is the most widely used air-
plane in the airline Aeroflot.
A
decision has been made to increase the
service life of the AN-24.
This has
required extensive calculations and
experimental studies of the endurance
and durability of the wings, fuselage,
aggregates and other parts.
Increas-
ing the service life of the AN-24 is
expected to yield savings of 88 million
rubles annually, according to Antonov.
Antonov also responded to questions
about his notions of aircraft of the
future, and about ideal qualities of
leaders of large groups of specialists.
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