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11/491
404 1. 5 MAY 1963
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S/203/62/002/006/010/020
A160/A101
AUTHORS :
Mishin, V. M., Naydenova, N. Ya., Platonov, M. L.
TITLE:
The diurnal variation of the probability of the appearance of the
commencements, the active periods and the ends of magnetic storms
PERIODICAL:
Geomagnetizm i aeronomiya, v. 2, no. 6, 1962, 1107 - 1112.
1
--
TEXT:
The authors investigate the probability of the appearance of the
commencements, the active periods and the ends of magnetic storms on the basis
of the Irkutsk Storms Catalog for 1905 - 1917 and 1925 - 1959. The catalog
describes 820 storms. A total of 539 of them are storms with a gradual commence-
ment. Figure 1 presents the curves SHO (nb), San (ap) and Sa for Irkutsk. Or-
dinates in curve 1 represent the frequencies of the commencement of the G-storms
nnb, in curve 2 - the frequencies of the active hours nap, and in curve 3 - the
equivalent amplitudes RÃ.
Similar distinctions between Sa and Sub were also
observed at all other stations. These data, characterizing the phases of the
maximum of the first harmonio of Sa and Snb, arepresented in a table. The
authors explain these results by proposing that Sup may be considered as' a re-
Card 1/3
X
The diurnal variation of the. . ..
1
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11A160/A101
=
sult of Sa. It is followed that the probability of a contact of the corpuscular
flux with the Earth does not depend on the time of the day. This conclusion is
confirmed by the fact that, according to the mentioned catalog, the diurnal
variation of the frequency of SC practically does not exist. The authors then
investigate the total of all storm days and introduce the following four hypo-
theses .: 1) The probability that there is a contact between the flux and the
Earth, causing the storm is equal for all hours of a day. 2) The magnetic ac-
tivity during the hour of the commencement of the storm A is not lower than that
during an average storm A : A > A. 3) The values of A during the initial hours
of the storms are determined by Sa on the basis of the perturbed days, 4) The
length of each storm is > 12 hours. The distribution of the probabilities of
the commencement of the storms over the hours of the day P (T) will be as fol-
lows: P = 0 in two 6-hour intervals T < dr - 900 and T > dk + 900 (Figure 2)
hatching), P = 1/24 in the 11-hour interval ar + 90° > > dq - 75°, P = 13/24
in one hour containing the moment TK =Kk - 900. Such a distribution of the
probability P (T) has the form of a try-square shown on Figure 2. The authors
make the following conclusions. 1) It was determined that the commencements of
the storms (recorded at the given station) are generally shifted to the side of
Card 2/3
The diurnal variation of the ...
S/203/62/002/006/010/020
A160/A101
delay - as regards the moment of the contact of the flux with the Earth. 2) The
inequality of Thb < Tkh may be explained by the fact that the fluxes causing the
G-storms have a shock front. 3) The main result of this work is the description
given of the clearly-expressed variations Sub and Skb, and the possibility of
explaining these variations as a result of Sa. There are 4 figures, and 1 table.
ASSOCIATION: Institut zemnogo magnetizma, ionosfery i rasprostraneniya radiovoln
SO AN SSSR (Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio
Wave Propagation of SO, AS USSR)
SUBMITTED:
. .
June 23, 1962
Figure 1.
70
--
.50
x
50
40
30
30
Card 3/3
Figure 2.
PHỐ
A(T)
2.900
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P. M.
3.9120

FIRM NO.
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PROCESSING DATE
FBG
CODE
491
COUNTRY
USSR
PS
1131
AF CHART
ACTIVITY CODES
404
LOCATION
IRKUTSK
S/T
NAME OF INSTALLATION
MAGNETIC IONOSPHERE
STA
PL. NO.
DATE/ INFO
DATE/SOURCE
PF
DA
MO
YR
DA
MC
YR
PRINCIPAL RADIOTELESCOPES OF THE SOVIET UNION
OVER
IRKUTSK SOLAR STATION
Alternate Name:
Laboratory for Solar Study
Subordinate to:
Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere
and Radiowave Propagation, Moscow. In 1959
subordinate to the Irkutsk Ionosphere-Magnetic
Station of the Ministry of Communications
Location:
Meget, near Irkutsk, RSFSR
52º 28' N- 104° 02' E
Functional Description
Technical Description
Personalities
Other Information
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FORM
12 - 60 326 USE PREVIOUS EDITIONS.
(20)
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CONTROL NO.
SOURCE
CIA/OSI-RA/61-11
SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AID
EVAL

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404
291
AID Report 61-69
31 May 1961
PHENOMENA IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE
REVIEW OF SOVIET LITERATURE
AID Work Assignment No. 3
Report 13
Science and Technology Section
Air Infosua :190 : 0MA-RDR96-00787R000500130080-7
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.
SUBJECT :
Mor+hly Report - AID Work Assi went No. 3
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PERIOD ; :
May 1961
This is the thirteenth in a monthly
report series reviewing Soviet developments
in astrophysics and geophysics. Beginning
with this report the series identification
is changed to read AID Work Assignment No.
3, replacing the previous designation Pro-
Ject 521007, Task 3. The report is based
on materiales received at the Air Information
Division in May.
Materials in this report deal with the
following topics:
II. Solar radiation and the ionosphere
III. Van Allen belts and cosmic rays
IV. Telluric currents
V. Atmospheric electricity
VII. Satellite and missile data
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influenced not only the value of the earth curry +
variations, but
their Attpronteky for Release 2001/03/20MRD6000000001300807
earth current field has a regional character must therefore be
reexamined.
In 1956 work was concentrated along two routes, the Voyenno-
Gruzinskaya highway and in the Kartliyskaya plain. The route|was
extended along the Surami-Dzirula highway immediately on the crys-
talline rocke of the Dzirul'skiy massif. Correlation of results
showed the EN component to play the dominant role. Thus, the 1956
studies confirmed the existence of an approximately latitudinal
direction of the telluric currents, corresponding to the direction
of the folding of the Caucasus range. A high value of the telluro-
parameter was noted in the region of Cretaceous limestones
(Chartali, Pasanauri ) and shales ( Krestovyy pereval). | The Darial'-
skiy granite massif (Tamaris-Tsikhe ) showed a high value. The
measurements made in the Kartliyskaya plain (Medzhvriskhevi,
Kveshi, Tkviavi, Muguti) completely confirm the data of 1955, and
measurements at points near outcroppings of the crystalline massif
( Plevi) or on the very massif (Rikoti, Khevi, Vertkvi 'Chala) con-
firm conclusions made to the effect that there is a sharp increase
in the values of the telluroparameter,
the closer the crystalline
rocks approach the surface, or in measurements made on outcroppings
of crystalline rocks.
The investigations showed that it is possible to study the
geological structure with the telluric current method, both by
short period variations and by data on the daily march of varia-
tions.
The latter method is preferred.
Particularly good quali-
tative results may be obtained in investigating structures resen-
bling the Kartliyskaya |plain, i. e., relatively good conducting
rocks underlain/ by high-resistance fromations. The matter of ob-
taining accurate quantitative data on the thickness and depths of
beds of a given geologic formation is quite difficult and requires
further systematic investigations.
Comment :
The method used by the authors is sound and the
results obtained prove the feasibility of applying the telluric
current method to geologic prospecting. It cannot be used for
prospecting at great depths, however.
2.)
Vinogradoy, P. A. Diurnal distribution of steady short
period oscillations of the terrestrial electric field accord-
ing to observations at the Uzur station (Lake Baykal). IN:
Akademiya nauk Gruzinskoy SSR, Tiflis.
Institut geofiziki.
Trudy, v. 18, 1960, 43-52. QB500. A55
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of the Scientific Research Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism,
the Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation
A station was set up on Ol 'khon Island in Lake Baykal to make
uninterrupted recordings of short period Pe (steady) oscillations
in the terrestrial electric field using equipment with a sensitivity
(0.02 mv/km/mm) higher than had hitherto been possible. It was
thus possible to record Pe oscillations of a very small intensity.
The station operated constantly from 10 Sep 1955 to 17 May 1957.
The length of the east-west pickup line was 1000 m, while the
north-south line was 500 m. The observational data obtained,
chiefly on the daily distribution of Pc oscillations, provided in-
formation on the characteristics of short-period oscillations, the
terrestrial electric field, and the influence of the screening
properties of the ionosphere.
Of 322 days examined 288 (89.5%) had Pc oscillations. The
minimum number of days without Pc oscillations was noted in March
and September, while the greatest number occurred in February and
July. Daily Pc distribution has the highly pronounced form of. 2
simple wave with a daytime maximum and a nighttime minimum. A
slight shift in the time of onset of extremal values from winter
to summer was observed. In winter the greatest number of steady
oscillations are observed at 14-1500 hours, while in summer, at
12-1300 hours, local time. The amplitude of the daily Pc curve
during the equinoctial periods is somewhat smaller than at other
times of the year. The Pc excitation frequency in the period of
least development (00-0300 hours, local time) is about three times
less than the frequency of appearance in the period of maximum de-
velopment of these oscillations (11-1500 hours, local time). Com-
parison of Pe distribution curves according to the value of the
period shows that in the equinoctial months the predominance of
Pe recurrence with a period of 20-30 sec over Pc with other periods
is noticeably higher than at other seasons of the year. Results
did not resolve the question as to whether the short period oscil-
lations are excited simultaneously throughout the world (a view
held by V. A. Troitskaya) or whether they occur according to local
time (the view of R. A. Zevakina and V. V. Kebuladze). In some
cases the Uzur station reported Pc excitation time to occur at
intervals established by Troitskaya, while in other cases the ex-
citation was connected with local time.
The Uzur station could find no direct relationship between
the daily distribution of the frequency of Pc appearance and the
screening of the earth's surface by the ionosphere, since the
most intense Pc and most frequent short period oscillations are
observed at hours when the greatest screening action of the ionos-
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latter, should be
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are observed simultaneously over large areas
and that their excitation is connected with upper atmospheric
processes.
In the summer of 1955 simultaneous recordings of short period
oscillations were made in Zuy and on Ushkaniy Island. Processing
of the records by the conjugate ellipse method showed a sufficiently
steady relationship between Pc components in the form:
u = ax + by, v = cx + dy
where x and y are the Pc components on Bol 'shoy Ushkaniy Island and
u and y are the Pc components in Zuy. Comparison showed that the
Pc amplitude on Ushkaniy is about 12-25 times greater than the am-
plitude of the same oscillation in Zuy. In cases when almost total
Pc attenuation is observed, the traces on the Ushkaniy records dis-
appear somewhat later and appear earlier, than in Zuy, but sharply
pronounced Pc within the limits of measurement accuracy are excited
simultaneously. These Pc excitation characteristics are, apparently,
determined by the location of Ushkaniy Island and its geologic struc-
ture. The thickness of the sedimentary sequences in Zuy exceeds
1000 m, while Ushkaniy Island is composed of metamorphic Precambrian
rocks, The recurrence of certain types of oscillations in the same
hours of several days was detected in the Pc records. Thus, for
example, from 1 Apr through 10 Apr 1952 intensive Pc, having about
the same regime at the same time of the day, were observed. These
oscillations were connected with a very stable and geophysically
active region of the sun observed at that time.
A sharp Pc increase after the commencement of geoelectric
field storms is sometimes observed, This Pc intensity increase is
particularly noticeable when the commencement of the storm occurs
during hours of weak Pc development. Another characteristic of Pc
excitation, connected with terrestrial electromagnetic storms and
auroras, is the broadening of the spectrum of short period oscilla-
tions during the phenomena. It is noted that on quiet days chiefly
Pc with a period from 10 to 30-40 and more seconds are observed,
while during auroras, oscillations with a period from 1 to 60-70
and more seconds are observed, Of all oscillations of the indicated
spectrum those with a period of about 1-2 sec are particularly
evident; oscillations with a period of about 2 sec occur more often
than oscillations with a period of about 1 sec. An almost complete
constancy of the period for the entire interval is characteristic
of oscillations of both groups.
Comment :
Vinogradov's investigation of the steady telluric
current oscillations and the dependence of their amplitudes upon
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the seasons is of import. The data obtained shey that the local
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tude of oscillations. The character of oscillations can be used
as a means for studying the ground composition.
3. ) Rebuladze, V. V., and A. S. Lashkhi. Results of investiga-
tions of telluric currents made in 1957 at the Dusheti elec-
trotelluric station. IN.
Akademia nauk Gruzinskoy SSR,
Tif118.
Institut geofiziki.
Trudy, v. 18, 1960, 53-70.
QE500. A55
Continuous round-the-clock recordings of telluric current
variations have been conducted at the Dusheti station from the
autumn of 1947 to 1 Jul 1957 on mutually perpendicular overground
lines with a recording speed of 20 and 40 mm/hr. In the spring of
1957 the existing pickup lines were reconstructed and new equipment
introduced to record variations at three rates.
A detailed descrip-
tion is provided of the lines and electrodes, the 80 mm/hr record-
ing equipment for earth current variations, the 20 mm/hr equipment,
and the 30 mm/min recording equipment for short period variations.
The 1957 tellurograms were processed with the aim of studying
the daily solar march of the earth current potential gradients and
of investigating the question of the periodicity of protracted
electrotelluric disturbances.
In addition, since 1 Jul 1957 inde-
pendantly flowing bay-shaped disturbances with and without pulsa-
tions, sudden commencement distupbances, separated impulses, trains
of oscillations and short period oscillations of a stable regime
Were studied. The methodology of processing observational materials
is described in detail elsewhere (Trudy Instituta geofiziki AN GSSR,
v. 12, 1953). After taking the ordinates from the 20 mm/hr telluro-
grams, monthly tables of the mean hourly gradients of potential for
the EW and NS components were compiled, then hourly values of the
daily march in MY were calculated, and on the basis of these data
km
the daily solar march according to month, season, and yearly mean
were deduced.
Analysis of this material produced a curve of the
mean yearly dably-solar march of the EW component similar to curves
obtained in 1948-56. The mean yearly daily march of the EW com-
ponent is a double wave with basic maxima between 8-1000 and
16-1800 hours, and basic minima between 05-0700 and 13-1500 hours
local mean solar time. The amplitudes of the daily march in the
summer and equinoctial months considerably exceed the amplitudes
of the winter months. The daily march curve of the NS component
is very weakly expressed. The mean yearly hodograph of the hori-
contal component extends latitudinally, indicating a predominance
of latitudinal currents in the region of the electrotelluric
station.
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from several hours to several days, was studi by compiling month-
ly tables of hourly values of the maximal amplitudes of variation,
daily evaluations according to 3-point hourly characteristics, and
by compiling a catalog of electrotelluric storms and distrubances.
Hourly values of maximal amplitudes were determined for both distur-
bances and quiet days. Curves were found to be analogous with those
of former years. A maximal number of disturbed hours occurred from
18-2200 hours, and minimal from 03-0600 hours, universal time. / In
regard to the yearly march curve of 1957, the greatest number of
disturbed hours took place in the equinoctial months, and the least
in the months of the summer and winter solstice. Electrotellunic
activity in 1957 was considerably higher than in 1948-56. The num-
ber of disturbed hours in 1957 was 1250-1300, while in the earlier
period It had averaged 1100 per year.
Catalog data show the highest intensity disturbances took
place in the equinoctial months.
/ The greatest number of baly-shaped
disturbances took place in December and August. They are completely
absent in June, and in September only one was recorded. Further
processing and /correlations are/necessary before final conclusions
may be drawn.
Comment!
Although the authors' investigation relates to a
limited area only and characterizes the march of tellurid currents
at but one point, it is of interest insofar as it shows the march
of the telluric current state throughout the year together with its
Seasonal peculiarities,
4. )
Vinogradov, P. A. Changes in the potential gradient of the
electrotelluric field at different depths of Lake Baykal.
IN: Akademia nauk SSSR. Baykal 'skaya limnologicheskaya
stantsiya. Trudy, v. 18, 1960, 380-392. DK771. B3A18
The equipment used in the Lake Baykal region from 20 Feb
through 1 Apr 1955 to make continuous recordings of the variation
of the potential gradient of the electrotelluric field consisted
of a photogalvanograph and five pick-up lines, three of which lay
in an east-west direction and two in a north-south direction. The
electrodes of the eastern lines were submerged to depths of 5,200,
and 1,100 m; those of the northern line to depths of 5 and 400 m.
All electrodes in the same direction were in a single vertical
plane. 0.4 m2 lead plates served as electrodes. Bach line wax
500 m long. IICM wire was used to link the electrodes to the re-
cording equipment. The insulation resistance for the lines ex-
ceeded 10 mg ohm/km. Properly shunted self-leveling mirror gal-
vanometers operated in the regime of critical damping. Periodic
measurements of the ground resistance of the electrodes showed a
constant 170 ohm during all observations, Oscillograph recordings
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were made at rates of 4, 10, 20, and 90 cm/hr.
Simultaneous re
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cordingSE ForRelease 2001969/26PCTADP9600787R0005009506808ed
on the ice of the Ite near the town of Listven chnoye, a permanent
telluric station operated in Zuy.
Two types of short period oscillations, differing from each
other by the nature of their oscillatory regime, are distinguished.
Type 1, once begun, continue for hours, while Type 2 are observed
in groups or trains of from 1-10 oscillations. Type 1 may be
further divided into 3 forms as follows: 1) complex harmonic
short period oscillations, the amplitude and period of which change
irregularly; 2) sinusoidal short period oscillations, the amplitude
of which changes irregularly, but which are more stable than Form 1;
the period remains almost constant for several tens of years; and
3) sinusoidal short period oscillation, the oscillatory process of
Which consists of separate packets, containing from 3 to 10 and more
oscillations, the amplitude of which after a smooth increase to
about the center of the packet gradually lessens. Analysis of elec-
trograms shows that most often Form 2 oscillations are excited, and
only very rarely the packet form. The difference in the nature of
the flow of these oscillations is, apparently, connected with modi-
fications in the factors causing them.
The following conclusions are made from the observations:
1) Short period Type 1 and Type 2 oscillations as well as bay-
shaped disturbances of the electrotelluric field at different
depths of Lake Baykal and on land (Zuy) are, within the limits of
measurement accuracy, excited simultaneously, coincide completely
in their parallel march, and have a similar period. Because of the
complete similarity (with the exception of amplitude) of all the
oscillations and impulses, the oscillatory regime of the electro-
telluric field at different depths in Lake Baykal and on land has
the same character. 2) The amplitudes of Type 1 and Type 2 oscil-
lations and of the bay-shaped disturbances in Baykal and Zuy cor-
respond to the electrical resistance of the medium of these points.
3) A slight lessening of amplitude with depth was detected in
Type l'and 2 oscillations. The value of the attenuation, computed
from the observational materials, is in agreement with the value
of attenuation obtained from examination of the absorbing effect
of Baykal's waters on the variable electrotelluric field. 4) Local
electric currents, connected with the water currents in Baykal,
were detected. The change in the potential of the field of these
currents represents a series of uneven oscillations with a period
of 2-7 sec and an amplitude of 0.1-0.8 mv/km. 5) Type 1 short
period oscillations in both Zuy and Baykal are excited chiefly in
the interval from 00-1200 hours, while Type 2 occur from 12-2400
hours, universal time. The greatest recurrence of bay-shaped dis-
turbances occurs during nocturnal hours.
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Comment: The results obtained by the author are interesting
insofar as they sho, 'he character of telluric ___ rrent oscillations
as dependent upon the earth's rotation and the medium through which
the current passes.
1
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