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Kutsk , Sib .
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:
M Nov 1990
VOL. XXII, NO. 42
THE CURRENT DIGEST OF THE SOVIET PRESS
PAGE 21
this institute within the next five years. The course of study
is expected to take several months. ...
Science
Problems and Judgments: LET THERE BE MORE DISCOV-
ERIES. (By V. Tsaregorodtsev, Vice-Chairman of the U.S.S.R.
Council of Ministers' Committee on Invention and Discovery;
and Yu. Konyushaya, assistant director of the committee's
discovery department. Pravda, Oct. 17, p. 2. 1, 500 words.
Condensed text:) ... Since 1957 the U. S. S. R. Council of
Ministers' Committee on Invention and Discovery has entered
91 scientific discoveries in the State Register. ...
fayela"
Among the achievements that have been the groundwork
for new scientific and technical thrusts is the work of Ye.
K. Zavoysky, who verified the phenomenon of electronic
paramagnetic resonance. This discovery has furthered the
development of radiospectroscopy and given rise to many in-
ventions. ...
In evaluating the activities of research and design organi-
zations, ministries and departments and the Academies of
Sciences should be guided by the number and significance of
discoveries and inventions used in this country and sold by
license abroad and also by the economic benefit to the national
economy from their realization. The problem is to ensure that
more and more work is carried out at the same level as the
discoveries and inventions.
There are many scientific collectives in our country that
are successfully coping with the problem. Over the past two
years the staff of the U. S. S. R. Academy of Sciences' Physical
Chemistry Institute, for example, has filed four applications
for the registry of discoveries and over 200 for inventions.
The committee has already registered two discoveries and
issued more than 100 certificates of authorship. Patenting is
being effected abroad with the goal of selling licenses for 15
inventions made in the institute. ...
.
hig
Meanwhile, in a number of scientific organizations and
higher educational institutions the practice of judging the staff
hally members' scientific activity solely by the number of published
works continues. The Siberian Institute of Terrestrial Mrene-
tism, the Ionosphere and the Propagation of Radio Waves has
been at work for more than 10 years now. Yet in this time its
scientists have not filed one application to register a dis-
covery. They have received only two certificates of authorship
for inventions. At the same time the institute's staff members
annually publish about 150 works and recently have made more
than 40 reports at international conferences in various coun-
tries. This creates favorable conditions for the "leakage,"
from prior publication, of scientific and technical achieve-
ments and for their use by capitalist firms without cost.
We spoke above about the discovery of Academician Ye.
K. Zavoysky, On the basis of this discovery a number of in-
struments and means of automation were invented that were
not protected in sufficient time by certificates of authorship
in this country and by patents abroad. As a result, U. S. and
Japanese firms have patented analogous instruments and are
selling licenses for them at a profit, even to scientific insti-
tutions in the Soviet Union. For the same reason -failure to
protect priority before the deadline -many semiconductor
instruments made on the basis of discoveries of Soviet scien-
tists continue to reward a number of capitalist firms with
profits.
In our opinion, the need has arrived for examining certain
legislative acts regulating the reporting of the work performed
by a researcher. First of all this concerns the abolition of
compulsory publishing of articles before defense of post-
graduate and doctoral dissertations on the natural and techni-
cal sciences. We feel that an indispensable condition for the
defense of such dissertations should be their patentability,
i. e., that they contain discoveries or inventions.
Needless to say, far from all achievements may be
qualified as discoveries. Since the beginning of the state
registration of inventions more than 9, 000 applications have
come to our committee. Only one of 10 was accepted for
review, only one of every 100 registered as a discovery. The
chief cause of this great "weeding out" lies in incorrect con-
ceptions of what the subject of a discovery application may be.
Often figuring in such applications are various design and
technological efforts, the results of mathematical calculations
refining the orbits of planets, and all kinds of hypotheses and
unproved assertions.
'The phenomenon of "unacknowledged discoveries" is also
explained by the fact that their authors sometimes act at their own
risk. Their reports are not heard at learned councils, no prelim -
inary check on the novelty of the solution to the problem is made,
and scientific discussions are not organized. Aside from every-
thingelse, this complicates and prolongs subsequent expert ap-
praisal in scientific institutions, which according to regulations is
not to take more than three months. Sometimes organizations that
have been entrusted with reviewing applications for proposed
discoveries violate procedure. Thus, as recently as the
summer of 1968 the committee sent to the U. S. S. R. Academy
of Sciences' General and Technical Chemistry Division ma-
terials on the application for a discovery by B. Deryagin, a
corresponding member of the Academy, and Candidate of
Technology N. Fedyakin: "The Phenomenon of the Formation
of Super-Dense Water During the Condensation of Its Vapors.'
However, for the past two years the division has just "not
succeeded" in examining these materials. A new expert ex-
amination had to be conducted, this time in the Ukrainian
Republic Academy of Sciences' Chemistry and Chemical
Technology Division and in other organizations. The result
was full recognition of the researchers' achievements. In May
of this year it was entered in the U. S. S. R. State Register of
Discoveries.
Angela
Delays in scientific experts' appraisals or a nonobjective
approach to the reviewing of applications could take from the
author and the state their priority over an important dis-
covery and retard further development of a promising problem.
Therefore, the responsibility of scientific institutions for
strict observance of deadlines and the objectivity and quality
of the expert examination performed by them must be increased.
Thus we believe that fullest disclosure of discoveries of
scientists is an issue of no small importance. This is the
point: There have been discoveries that until now have not
been legally recorded, that have not been registered in the
State Register, because applications were not filed. Some-
times this happens because of the scientists' lack of informa-
tion on copyright matters and, perhaps, because of their
modesty or underestimation of the importance of protecting
domestic priority. Moreover, many scientists feel that
publishing a work is sufficient for acknowledging a discovery. ..
The Committee on Invention and Discovery is now taking,
steps to improve the protection of priority and state interests
in the realm of discoveries. In particular, a new draft reso-
lution has been drawn up on discoveries, inventions and
rationalizers' suggestions. This resolution provides for
further improvements in experts' appraisals and the legal
protection of discoveries. Undoubtedly, all this will help
solve one of the major tasks of Soviet science -placing achieve-
ments firmly at the service of the builders of communism.
THE BIRTH OF A GIANT. (By a Tass correspondent. Izvestia,
Oct. 21, p. 3. Complete text:) Stavropol-Installation of the
metalwork for the world's largest reflecting telescope has
been completed. The telescope is being built at the U. S. S. R. T
Academy of Sciences Zelenchukskaya Astrophysical Observa-
tory.
The 43-m. glant, which is to peer into the unfathomed
depths of the universe, is being assembled far ahead of
schedule. Under the leadership of the young engineers
B. Kovalev and V. Labinsky, a brigade of specialists from the
Leningrad Association of Optical Mechanics Enterprises and
the 12th C. P. S. U. Congress Metallurgical Plant have been
carrying out this work with a jeweller's precision. The entire
rotating section of the telescope, weighing more than 600 tons,
can be moved by one person. The astronomers themselves
will not have to do this, of course. The telescope and the
entire gigantic dome for the astronomical tower will be rotated
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New Solar Coronagraph at Sayan Mountain Observatory
A solar coronagraph is being installed at the Sayan Mountain Observa-
tory in the Buryat Republic. The coronagraph lens has a diameter of 53
centimeters. A photograph shows workers assembling the panels of a geodesic
dome which will house the device. [4]
(Summary: Photo caption; Moscow, Pravda, 16 October 1970, p 6)
Automatic Device Will Find Mirror Coordinates of Radiotelescope
AS A+SSR
A095224
Workers of the Kirovakan Scientific Research Institute "Avtomatika"
have developed and manufactured a new instrument for establishing the cal-
culated coordinates of the mirrors of the Soviet Union's high-power radio-
telescope "Rata-600."
The new automatic device was tested recently. The precision with
which it finds the coordinates of the reflecting mirrors of the radio-
telescope is 10 times greater than existing tolerances. The Institute will
send the first group of these automatic devices to the Zelenchuk Observa-
tory. [4]
K201082
(Complete translation: "Navigator for Astronomers," by B. Mirtchyan; . Moscow,
Izvestiya, 23 October 1970, p 4)
Stratosphere Lab Photographs Sun
An automatic stratospheric observatory developed by Soviet scientists
and specialists has successfully completed its third flight. It made obser-
vations of the sun at an altitude of more than 20 kilometers.
6208892
"The stratospheric traveller delivered about 100 photographs of the
sun," reported Yu. I. Vitinskiy, scientific secretary of the Pulkovo Obser-
vatory, "and these were not ordinary photographs but very clear ones with
images of details which were 200 kilometers in diameter. Studying the sun
from the earth it is possible to see spots with much larger dimensions, but
small ones are still not studied as they are hidden by atmospheric vapors
and other interference. The aircraft made it possible to avoid this. In
addition, the observatory obtained for the first time 20 spectrograms which
will aid in the study of the structure of moving gases in the solar atmos-
phere.": [1]
(Complete translation:
"Photographed the Sun ..
' unsigned; Moscow,
Sovetskaya Rossiya, 24 October 1970, p 4)
Abstracts of Scientific Articles
Study of a Weak Chromospheric Flare
The author traces the change in profiles of the Hx and H and K Call
lines in the same scan of an active region before, during and after a weak
JPRS 51760, 10 Nov 70
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