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III. 28 May 71
USSR
I ENTI FIC
AFFAIRS
COSMOS 423 LAUNCHED CARRYING SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT
Moscow TASS International Service in Russian 0703 GMT 28 May 71 L :
[Text ]
Moscow -- Scientific satellite "Cosmos 423" was launched on Thursday in the
Soviet Union. The satellite has been put into orbit with the parameters:
initial
period of revolution 92.2 minutes, maximum distance from the surface of the earth
512 kilometers, minimum distance from the surface of the earth 282 kilometers,
inclination of the orbit 71 degrees.
Apart from scientific equipment on board the satellite there is a radio system for
precise measurement of the elements of the orbit and a radio-telemetric system for
transmission of data to earth on the work of instruments and equipment. Equipment
is working normally.
SCIENTISTS EXPLAIN NEW SOLAR RADIOTELESCOPE
Rive
Moscow PRAVDA 23 May 71 p 3 L
[Correspondent N. Kamenskiy interview with Soviet scientists Stepanov and Smolkov]
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[Text ] Scientists of the Siberian institute of earth magnetism, the ionosphere,
and radiowave propagation have started a dioramic test of a solar radiotelescope
project. Its complex of structures will occupy approximately 50 hectares in the Bodar
area near Baykal. Our correspondent asked institute director, USSR Academy of
Sciences corresponding member, Vladimir Yevgenyevich Stepanov and radioastronomy
laboratory chief Gennadiy Yakovlevich Smolkov to comment on this new project.
Question:
What has necessitated the construction of such an instrument, Vladimir
Yevgenevich?
Answer: The 24th party congress directives provide for scientific research in the
new 5-year plan with the aim of developing long-distance communications, television,
and weather forecasting. Scientists are also continuing fundamental research in
the sphere of astrophysics, interplanetary space, solar physics, and solar-terrestrial
communications.
1
Before us is the unsolved enigma of the sun -- sunsports, chromonspheric flares,
and phenomena accompanying them. During solar flares a colossal amount of energy
is released in the form of wave and corpuscular radiation. The former reach the
earth in 8.3 minutes, and the latter in a matter of several days, interrupting radio
communications, upsetting the magnetic field, changing the weather, and even
affecting the health of people suffering from cardio-Vascular complaints. The
radiation level of the earth's environment during such periods increases to such
an extent that space flights become dangerous .
In order to learn how to forecast these processes and, consequently, predict the
geophysical consequences of solar flares, it is essential to have a complete concept
of their mechanism and dynamics.
Question:
But are there not many solar observatories in the world already?
Answer: Yes, there are, and our institute has several optical telescopes of various
kinds. They permit us to observe the solar surface -- the photosphere and'the lower
strata of the solar atmosphere, the chromosphere. With the aid of an artifical
solar eclipse in a coronographie telescope it is also possible to observe the upper
strata of the solar atmosphere -- the cornoa -- but not in a direct line with the earth
but at an angle of 90 degrees.
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Solar Magnetograph Described in Detail
During the years 1963-1966 specialists at the Sayan Observatory of
the SibIZMIR (Siberian Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and
Radio Wave Propagation) have worked on the design and testing of instruments
for measuring the Zeeman and Doppler effects in the absorption and emission
lines of solar plasma. This article describes in detail these instruments
designed for the simultaneous registry of magnetic fields and radial veloci-
ties in one and three lines. The principle of these total vector and three-
line registry magnetographs differs from chose at the Crimean Astrophysical
Observatory and IZMIRAN primarily in the method for modulating the polarized
component of the light flux carrying information on strength and orientation
of the magnetic field vector and in certain design features and therefore
these aspects are stressed. In the variant for measurements in one line it
is possible to determine three components of the magnetic field strength
vector : velocity of plasma movement along the line of sight, emission in-
tensity in the central part of the magnetically active line and the inten-
sity of the continuous spectrum near the line. The instrument is designed
for operation with a solar telescope and spectrograph with the photometer
in a light-insulated part of the spectrograph. The optical system and
block diagram of the instrument are shown in Figures 3 and 4 in the text.
The magnetograph in the three-line variant is for determining in the first
line the three components of the vector of magnetic field strength, the
velocity of plasma movement along the line of sight, emission intensity
at the center of the magnetically active line, and intensity of the con-
tinuous spectrum near the line; in the second and third lines measurements
are made of the longitudinal component of the vector of magnetic field
strength, velocity of plasma movement along the line of sight and emission
intensity at the center of the line. Figures 7 and 8 in the text are a
schematic representation of the path of the rays in the optical system
and a block diagram of the instrument.
Instruments of the first type have
also been constructed for the observatories of the Academies of Sciences
of the Kazakh, Azerbaydzhan and Georgian SSRs.
(Abstract: "Solar Magnetograph of the Siberian Institute of Terrestrial
Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, " by S. V. Aleksandrovich,
D. A. Kuznetsov, V. N. Kozlovskiy, N. N. Lebedev and V. Ye. Stepanov;
Moscow, Novaya Tekhnika v Astronomii, No 3, Izd-vo "Nauka, " 1970, pp 52-62)
Information on Construction of Six-Meter Telescope
Some of the initial stages preceding the construction of the six-
meter telescope are discussed. Initial planning began in 1959 at the
State Astronomical Observatory under the direction of Prof. D. D. Maksutov.
Subsequent design work was performed for the most part in the Large Tele-
scopes Design Office at the Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Combine in close
collaboration with specialists and engineers of the Astronomical Instrument
Making Section at the State Astronomical Observatory. The initial plans.
were approved in November 1960 by the Astronomical Council and a special
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