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SRI
STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Menlo Park, California 94025 . U.S.A.
PHYSICS, ENTROPY, AND PSYCHOKINESIS
Harold Puthoff and Russell Targ
Stanford Research Institute
Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory
To be presented at the Conference on Quantum Physics and Parapsychology
Geneva, Switzerland, August 26-27, 1974
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In this paper we present results of recent experiments at Stanford
Research Institute which indicate anew that certain individuals are capable
of producing physical effects in the environment by means of some as yet
unidentified modality, generally referred to psychic or psychoenergetic.
Such phenomena have of course been under scientific consideration for
over a century. However, even a cursory review of the literature reveals
that in spite of well-conducted experiments by reputable researchers yielding
reproducible results (e.g., Sir William Crookes'study of D.D. Home, or
von Reichenbach's researches as reported in The Dynamics , London, 1851),
the study of these phenomena has never emerged from the realm of quasi-
scientific speculation. One reason for this is that, in spite of experi-
mental results, no satisfactory theoretical construct has to date been
advanced to correlate data or predict new experimental outcomes.
Consequently,
the area in question remains in the recipe stage reminiscent of electrodynamics
before the unification brought about by the work of Ampere, Faraday, and
Maxwell.
The overall goal of our research program is the determination of the
laws underlying these phenomena. That is, our goal is not just to catalog
interesting events, but rather to uncover patterns of cause-effect relation-
ships of the type that lend themselves to analysis and hypothesis in the
form with which we are familiar in scientific study. The results presented
here constitute for us a first step toward that goal, in that we are estab-
lishing under known conditions a data base from which departures as a function
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of physical and psychological variables can be studied in future work. Our
observations to date have led us to conclude that such phenomena can be
studied under laboratory conditions.
It is our expectation that with the
sensitive instrumentation and powerful theoretical tools presently available,
progress in this field will be forthcoming.
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Magnetometer Observation (Pilot Experiment)
One of the first psychoenergetically-produced physical effects
observed by SRI personnel (H.P.) in early research (1972) was the apparent
perturbation of a superconductor-shielded Josephson effect magnetometer
by a gifted subject, Mr. Ingo Swann. Following is a fairly detailed
account of that first observation, since it reveals a" number of aspects
of PK research that we consider to be of significance.
This magnetometer is located in a well under a building and is shielded
by u-metal shielding, an aluminum container, copper shielding and, most
important, a superconducting niobium shield. (See Fig. 1) . The magnet-
ometer is of the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)
variety, which has an output voltage whose frequency is a measure of the
rate of change of magnetic field present.
Before the experiment, a decaying magnetic field had been set up
inside the magnetometer, and its decay with time provided a background
calibration signal that registered as a periodic output on an x-y recorder,
the frequency of the output corresponding to the decay rate of the
calibration field (~10
-6
Gauss) .
The system had been running for about
an hour with no noise.
Mr. Swann was shown the setup and told that if he were to affect the
magnetic field in the magnetometer, it would show up as a change in the
output recording. Then, to use his own description, he placed his atten-
tion on the interior of the magnetometer, at-which time the-frequency of
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DEWAR
A-METAL
SHIELD
FALSE
FLOOR
FLOOR OF
BUILDING
CONCRETE
CASING
e
CONCRETE BLOCK
12"
FIGURE . 1
MAGNETOMETER HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
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the output doubled for about two of the cycles or roughly thirty seconds.
This is indicated by A in Figure 2. Mr. Swann was next asked if he could
stop the field
change being indicated by the periodic output on the
recorder. He then apparently proceeded to do just that, as can be seen
at B in the graph, for a period of roughly forty five seconds. He then
"let go," at which time the output returned to normal (C). Upon inquiry
as to what he had done, he explained that he had direct vision of the
apparatus inside and that the act of looking at different parts seemed to
him to be correlated with the different effects. As he described what he
was doing, the recording again traced out a double frequency cycle (shown
at D), as had occurred before. An atypical dip (E) in the recording took
place then, and on questioning him about what was happening, he said he
was looking at a new part, the niobium ball sitting in a cup. This ball was
inert at the time, not being used in the magnetometer experiment. He was
asked to refrain from thinking about the apparatus, and the normal pattern
was then traced out for several minutes (continued on lower trace) while
he was engaged in conversation on other subjects. At one point he started
to discuss the magnetometer again, at which point the tracing went into
a high frequency pattern, shown at F. At our request he stopped, and the
observation was terminated because Mr. Swann was tired from his effort.
We then left the lab, while the apparatus was run for over an hour with no
trace of noise or nonuniform activity, as indicated in Figure 3, where the
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A
D
E
B
C
KUM
DATA TAKEN:
RUTHOFF
DR.
ESEARCH
TAIST.
MENLO PARK
CALLE
6/6/22
F
FIGURE 2 RAW DATA, MAGNETOMETER TEST RUN
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RAW DATA, MAGNETOMETER CONTROL RUN
FIGURE 3
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top two traces show a continuing record following termination of the experi-
ment. The third trace was taken some time later, the increase in the period
indicating the reduced rate of magnetic field decay. At various times
during this and the following day when similar data with Mr. Swann were
taken, the experiment was observed by numerous other scientists.
The conditions of this observation, involving as it did a few
hours use of an instrument committed to other research, of course prevented
a proper investigation. The number of data samples was too few to permit
meaningful statistical analysis, and the lack of readily-available multiple
recording equipments prevented investigation of possible "recorder only"
effects.
Therefore, the following longer term study with a similar device
was undertaken.
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Experiments with a Superconducting Differential Magnetometer (Gradiometer)
A series of experiments were carried out using a Develco Model
8805 superconducting second-derivative gradiometer manufactured by Develco,
Inc., Mountain View, California.
The assembled device is shown in Figure 4.
Basically, the gradiometer is a four-coil Josephson effect magnet-
ometer device consisting of a pair of coil pairs wound so as to provide a
series connection of two opposing first-derivative gradiometers, yielding
a second-derivative gradiometer (i.e., a device sensitive only to second
and higher order derivative fields.) As a result, the device is relatively
insensitive to uniform fields and to uniform gradients. This arrangement
allows for sensitive measurement of fields from nearby sources while dis-
criminating against relatively uniform magnetic fields produced by remote
sources. The device is ordinarily used to measure magnetic fields originating
from processes within the human body, such as action currents in the heart
which produce magnetocardiograms. The sensitive tip of the instrument is
simply placed near the body area of interest.
In our 'application, however, the subject is located at a distance
of four meters from the gradiometer probe. As a result, the subject is
located in a zone of relative insensitivity; e.g., standing up, sitting down,
leaning forward, and arm and leg movements produce no signals. From this
location the subject is asked, as a mental task, to affect the probe. The
results of his efforts are available to him as feedback from three sources:
an oscilloscope, a panel meter, and a chart recorder, the latter providing
a permanent record.
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1
MEDICAL CRADNIMETER
FIGURE 4
SUPERCONDUCTING DIFFERENTIAL MAGNETOMETER
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A protocol for subject participation was instituted as follows:
The subject removes all metal objects, and the effects of body movements
are checked at the start of each experimental period. The subject then
works with the machine in a learning mode, observing effects being produced,
if any, via feedback from the instrumentation. Once satisfied that a
possibility exists of producing effects on command under experimenter
control, the experimenter announces the start of the experiment. A random-
ization protocol (discussed in the Appendix) is then used to generate ten
activity periods of equal length (e.g., twenty-five seconds) pre-deter-
mined by the experimenter.
A sample run with a second gifted subject, Mr. Patrick Price,
is shown in Figure 5. The randomly-generated ON (activity) periods are
Nos. 2, 8, and 9. As observed, signals appear in each of these three periods.
The signal appearing in period 9 was strong enough to cause loss of continuous
tracking. This latter type of signal can be the result of an exceptionally
strong flux change, or an RF burst whether subject-generated or artifactual,
and are handled on the basis of statistical correlation as discussed below.
An artifact due to the passage of a truck in the parking lot adjacent to the
laboratory (under continuous surveillance by the experimenter) is noted
in period 6. Each of the signals on scale corresponds to an input ~ 1.6 x 10
-9
Gauss/cm"
2
(second derivative
2B / 2
Z
), equivalent to ~ 3.5 x 10
-7
Gauss
referred to one pickup coil.
* RF interference effects are sometimes in evidence due to proximity to
other instrumentation.
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BASELINE
END
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
TRUCK
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
BASELINE
START
Figure 5 -- Gradiometer data.
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The interpretation of such observations must be subjected to careful
analysis. For example, the emphasis on "corresponds to" is based on the
following: although the probe is designed to register magnetic fields, and
the simplest hypothesis is that an observed signal is such, in a task as
potentially complex as "psychokinesis", one must be cautious about assigning
a given observed effect to a specific cause. Therefore, until further work
with multiple measurement employing equally sensitive apparatus, one can
only conclude that generation of a magnetic field is the most probable
cause .
With regard to signal display, the signal was observed simultaneously
on three recording devices, and thus a "recorder only" effect can be considered
low probability, although an electronics interference effect ahead of all
display cannot be ruled out. We therefore treat the magnetic cause as
tentative, although most probable, and concentrate our attention on whether
a correlation exists between system disturbances and subject efforts.
Thirteen ten-trial runs were obtained with Mr. Price. Each of
the ten trials in the run lasted fifty seconds each, the activity/no
acitivity command for each trial being generated by the randomization
technique discussed in the Appendix.
In the 13 x 10 = 130 trials, consisting
of a random distribution of 64 activity and 66 no-activity periods, 63
events of signal-to-noise ratio > 1 were observed. Of these 63 events, 42
were distributed among the activity periods, 21 among the no-activity periods,
a correlation significant at the p = 0.004 level.
* With the exception of the first run where 25-second trials were used.
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We therefore conclude that the observed number of precisely timed
events in pilot work coupled with the statistically significant (p = 0.004)
correlation between subject effort and signal output in controlled runs
indicate a highly probable cause-effect relationship. Thus it appears that
a gifted subject can interact with a second derivative magnetic gradiometer
..
of sensitivity ~ 10
-9
Gauss/cm
2
from a distance of four meters.
Further
work would be required to determine absolutely the precise nature of the
interaction, although given the equipment design the generation of a magnetic
field is the most probable mechanism.
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In this series of experiments we examine the possibility that a subject
may be able to exert a physical influence on a remotely located physical
system. The target is a torsion pendulum suspended by a metal fiber inside
a sealed glass bell jar. The pendulum consists of three 100 gram balls
arranged symetrically at 120° angles on a 2 cm radius. The entire apparatus
is shock mounted, and protected from air currents by the enclosing bell
jar.
The angular position of the pendulum is measured by means of an
optical readout system.
The system consists of a laser beam from a lo.
power argon laser
+
reflected from a small mirror on the pendulum onto a
position sensing silicon detector
1.5 meters from the pendulum.
The
detector yields an output voltage proportional to spot position.
The
output from the detector is monitored by a chart recorder
ttt
which provides
The system exhibits a sensitivity of approximately 10 microradians.
Under typical experimental conditions random accoustical fluctuations
drive the pendulum in its torsional normal mode of 10 second period to
a level ~ 100 microradians angular deviation. During control runs
the pendulum executes harmonic motion with a maximum variation in
amplitude of ± 10 percent over an hour period. Sudden vibrational
perturbations in the environment produce oscillation of the pendulum
in the vertical plane at a frequency of 1 Hz, as contrasted with the
torsional mode in the horizontal plane at 0.1 Hz.
+ Spectra Physics Model 262
tt United Detector Technology Model SC/10
t++ Brush Model Mark 200
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The subject is asked, as a mental task, to affect the pendulum motion,
the results of which would be available as feedback from the chart recorder
The subject is then encouraged to work with the pendulum from a distance
of 1 meter, observing effects being produced. If satisfied that there
is a possibility of producing effects (typically following a week's activity,
1
a couple of hours per day), an experiment is begun.
As in other experiments, subject efforts to increase or decrease
oscillation amplitude are determined by an experimenter utilizing the uni-
versal randomization protocol described in (a). Each experiment lasts one
hour and consists of six 5-minute work periods alternated with six 5-minute
rest periods.
In later work, the subject is removed to a room 12 meters down the
hall with three intervening office spaces to determine whether effects can
be produced from a remote location. The subject is provided feedback at
the remote location either by closed circuit video or by a second chart
1
recorder in parallel with the recorder in the enclosed target laboratory.
The remote aspect was instituted both to prevent artifactual effects from
body heat, etc., and also to determine whether energy can be coupled via
the remote viewing channel to a remote location.
+
Both experimental evidence and theoretical work indicate that distance
may not be a strong factor in paranormal phenomena. See, for example,
E.H. Walker "Properties of Hidden Variables in Quantum Theory: Impli-
cations for Paraphysics", U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratories,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.
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In pilot studies we observed considerable evidence indica
gifted subject located in the same room is able, by concentration, to increase
or decrease pendulum motion on command while sitting quietly one meter from
the bell jar. The change-to-baseline ratio is often 5:1 or better so the
effects are not small. A sample chart showing a rest period followed by a
decrease period is given in Figure
Vibrational artifacts can be ruled out on the basis that when such inputs
occur, a marked 1 Hz oscillation signal due to vertical motion is superimposed
on the 0.1 Hz torsional motion. What is especially interesting are the
decreases which take the motion below that generally observed due to en-
vironmental noise driving. Such observations indicate the application of
a constraint which couples energy out of the pendulum motion.
Similar ob-
servations have been observed with the subject removed to the second location
12 meters away.
Although less pronounced (change-to-baseline ratios typically
2:1), the effect remains easily observable.
. The universal randomization protocol is used throughout to determine
increase/decrease periods.
Control run data are being collected to be sub-
jected to the same analysis.
Multiple recording is used throughout to rule
out artifacts due to recorder effects. Finally, an electrometer with the
base of the bell jar serving as one electrode is monitored to record acoustic
vibration independently. Due to the potential significance of such findings,
considerable data is being taken in order that the matter can be subjected to
statistical analysis over a large sample involving hundreds of work periods.
A few hundred data samples have already been collected for this purpose, an
the results will be published when available.
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4
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FIGURE 6 PENDULUM MOTION
Large amplitude variation corresponds to 0.1 Hz torsional mode
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1-4.
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Speculations
Here we present some speculations about the nature of the paradoxes
associated with psychoenergetically-produced physical phenomena. These
ideas fall into the category of intuition based on integration of obser-
vation over time. Thus, they are not conclusions drawn from statistically
significant data, but rather conceptualizations or hypotheses around which
specific experiments can be designed.
(1) Researchers in the area of psychokinesis appear to be plagued
by results whose amplitudes have a signal-to-noise ratio near unity, re-
gardless of the process or mechanism involved. A number of our observa-
tions indicate that, rather than simple perversity, what is being arti-
culated is a coherence phenomena involving partial mobilization of
system noise, and thus the magnitude constraint .
That is, when a subject
is asked to interact with an experimental setup one often first observes
a reduction in noise followed by a signal, as if the components of the
noise spectrum had been brought into phase coherence.
The subject thus appears to act as a local negentropic source
If true, it may be more advantageous as a practical matter to work with
extremely noisy systems, rather than with highly constrained or organized
systems, in order to maximize possible effects due to the introduction
of order.
(2)
Psychokinetic phenomena often appear to be more the result of
coincidence than the effect of a well-defined cause. Again, rather than
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. being the result of the perversity of nature, the observed goal-oriented
synchronicity may indicate that physical systems are more easily manipu-
lated
at the global level of boundary conditions and constraints rather
than at the level of mechanism. Thus, the apparency that a given desired
result can be explained away by a coincidental but "natural" event needs
to be explored more fully. Unexpected but natural causes may be the
effect of a series of causal links, outside the defined experimental
.. boundaries but representing an unforseen line of least resistance. At
worst, such causal links may in fact be unobservable in the sense of the
hidden variables concept in quantum theory, but nevertheless, act as
So is it Ukemetic
?
instruments of the will.
(3)
Psychokinetic phenomena appear to be intrinsically spontaneous;
i.e., it is difficult to evoke psychokinetic phenomena "on cue", with the
result that the phenomena is often considered to be not under good control,
and therefore not amenable to controlled experimentation. This difficulty
is so pronounced that it is likely that we are observing some macroscopic
analog of a quantum transition, an event similarly unpredictable in time
except as a probability function.
If the analogy is correct, experimentation
in this area simply needs to be treated in the manner of, for example,
weak photon experiments.
1
(4)
Possibly related to item (3), the more closely one attempts to
observe psychokinetic phenomena, the less likely one is to see it, a
and is absence there fore is most conclusive proof
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of its prescence

....
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factor considered by many to support hypotheses of poor observation,
fraud, etc. To a sophisticated observer, however, simple dismissal does
not stand up under scrutiny.
Invoking again the idea of a macroscopic
analog of a quantum transition, we may, as observers of delicate phenomena,
be witness to observer effects generally associated with the uncertainty
principle. Paradoxically, from the subject's viewpoint, the production
of the phenomena may also be an observer effect, perturbing as it does
the expected behavior of a piece of instrumentation. In this model the
scrutiny of psychokinetic phenomena under laboratory conditions could in
principle be considered to be a collective phenomena involving interfering
observer effects in a manner known to occur at the microscopic quantum
level.
(5)
Finally, we find it useful as a guiding principle to recognize
that all of the phenomena we deal with in macroscopic psychoenergetics
are totally permissible at the microscopic level within the framework
of physics as presently understood.
It is simply that time reversibility,
tunneling through barriers, simultaneous multiple-state occupation, etc.,
are generally unobservable as gross macroscopic phenomena for statistical
reasons only, as codified in the concept of increasing disorder (entropy) .
Therefore, it may be appropriate to consider an individual with psychokinetic
abilities primarily as a source of ordering phenomena of sufficient mag-
nitude so as to restructure the otherwise random statistics of the macro-
scopic environment.
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APPENDIX
Universal Randomization Protocol
It was deemed desirable in our work to establish a universal randomi-
zation protocol independent of the particular experiment under consideration.
The only exceptions were to be automated experiments where target selection
is determined by radioactive decay or electronic randomization.
The randomization procedure is designed around a ten-unit base, e.g.,
ten targets, ten work periods, etc. A ten-digit sequence governing an
-
experiment is blind to both experimenter and subject, and is uncovered by
means of the following procedure. A three-page RAND Table of Random Digits
(Table 1) is entered to obtain the ten-digit sequence, the entrance point
being determined by four throws of a die,
+
the first 1, 2, or 3 determining
page, the next 1, 2, 3, or 4 determining column block, and the final throw
determining from which of the first six rows in the block the ten-digit
sequence is to be taken. An opaque card with a single-digit window is
then moved across the row to uncover digits one at a time.
If a multiplicity
of targets exist, the digits 0 through 9 are employed directly. If a binary
command is required (e.g., increase/decrease or activity/no activity)
the
parity of the digit (even or odd) is employed.
+ A technique found in control runs to produce a distribution of die faces
differing nonsignificantly from chance expectation.
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Table of Random Digits *
CPYRGHT
11 16 43 63 18
75 06 13 76 74
21 21 59 17 91
76 83 15 86 78
40 60 31 61 52
40 94 15 35 85
69 95 86 09 16
10 43 84 44 82
66 55 83 76 49
73 50 58 34 72
55 95 31 79 57
36 79 22 62 36
33 26 66 65 83
39 41 21 60 13
11 44 28 93 20
73 94 40 47 73
12 03 25 14 14
14 06 39 31 04
57 99 47 67 48
61 83 45 91 99
15 46 98 22 85
64 20 84 82 37
41 70 17 31 17
91 40 27 72 27
79 51 62 10 07
51 48 67 28 75
38 60 52 93 41
58 29 98 38 80
20 12 51 07 94
99 75 62 63 60
64 51 61 79 71
40 68 49 99 48
33 88 07 64 13
71 32 55 52 17
13 01 57 29 07
75 97 86 42 98
08 07 46 20 55
65 28 59 71 98
12 13 85 30 10
34 55 63 98 61
88 26 77 60 68
17 26 45 73 27
38 22 42 93 01
65 99 05 70 48
25 06 77 75 71
95 63 99 97 54
31 19 99 25 58
16 38 11 50 69
25 41 68 78 75
61 55 57 64 04
86 21 01 18 08
52 45 88 88 80
78 35 26 79 13
78 13 79 87 68
04 68 98 71 30
33 00 78 56 07
92 00 84 48 97
62 49 09 92 15
84 98 72 87 59
38 71 23 15 12
58 72 20 36 78
19 18 66 96 02
16 97 59 54 28
33 22 65 59 03
26 18 86 94 97
51 35 14 77 99
59 13 83 95 42
71 16 85 76 09
12 89 35 40 48
07 25 58 61 49
29 47 85 96 52
50 41 43 19 66
33 18 68 13 46
85 09 53 72 82
96 15 59 50 09
27 42 97 29 18
79 89 32 94 48
88 39 25 42 11
29 62 16 65 83
62 96 61 24 68
48 44 91 51 02
44 12 61 94 38
12 63 97 52 91
71 02 01 72 65
94 20 50 42 59
68 98 35 05 61
14 54 43 71 34
54 71 40 24 01
38 64 80 92 78
81 31 37 74 00
83 40 38 88 27
09 83 41 13 33
30 69 74 48 06
17 02 64 97 37
85 87 51 21 39
64 04 19 90 11
61 04 02 73 09
48 07 07 68 48
02 53 19 77 37
17 04 89 45 23
97 44 45 99 04
30 15 99 54 50
83 77 84 61 15
93 03 98 94 16
52 79 51 06 31
12 14 89 22 31
31 36 16 06 50
82 24 43 43 92
96 60 71 72 20
73 83 87 70 67
24 86 39 75 76
96 99 05 52 44
70 69 32 52 55
73 54 74 37 59
95 63 23 95 55
09 11 97 48 03
97 30 38 87 01
07 27 79 32 17
79 42 12 17 69
57 66 64 12 04
47 58 97 83 64
65 12 84 83 34
38 71 66 13 80
60 21 20 50 99
08 43 31 91 72
08 32 02 08 39
31 92 17 64 58
73 72 00 86 57
10 01 17 50 04
86 05 44 11 90
57 23 82 74 64
61 48 75 23 29
92 42 06 54 31
16 53 00 55 47
24 21 94 10 90
08 53 16 15 78
35 54 25 58 65
07 30 44 70 10
31 30 94 93 87
02 33 00 24 76
86 59 52 62 47
18 55 22 94 91
20 75 09 70 24
72 61 96 66 28
72 11 53 49 85
58 03 69 91 37
28 53 78 43 95
26 65 43 78 51
. This table appears through the courtesy of The RAND Corporation and the
McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. and is reprinted by permission from The Compleat
Strategyst, by J. D. Williams, pp. 219-221 [44].
1
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07 49 32 80 98
46 49 26 15 94
26 72 95 82 72
04 29 24 60 28
75 66 62 69 54
67 64 20 52 04
08 58 86 14 90
24 21 66 34 44
21 28 30 70 44
54 62 74 85 11
49 56 31 28 72
83 23 53 73 61

Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200190001-1
CPYRGHT
07 42 85 88 63
96 02 38 89 36
97 92 94 12 20
86 43 19 44 85
35 37 92 79 22
28 90 65 50 13
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81 36 30 51 73
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87 91 73 85 49
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68 14 12 53 40
92 55 11 13 26
68 05 26 54 22
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88 14 79 97 00
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67 64 20 50 51
15 08 95 05 57
33 16 68 70 94
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96 46 10 06 04
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75 76 84 95 49
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66 46 07 56 48
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98 57 94 24 81
81 42 28 68 42
60 99 77 96 69
01 07 10 85 30
74 30 57 75 09
21 77 17 59 63
23 15 19 02 74
90 20 96 85 21
14 29 33 91 94
42 27 81 21 60
32 57 61 42 78
04 98 26 84 70
27 87 51 54 80
17 69 76 01 14
63 24 73 20 96
19 74 02 46 37
97 37 73 21 12
05 68 63 02 43
34 13 40 29 36
50 19 77 98 69
86 49 76 87 09
52 99 24 66 50
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94 51 89 39 84
81 47 86 77 50
82 54 96 26 76
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00 18 47 21 86
78 90 67 54 80
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20 09 44 29 62
41 38 21 67 68
06 71 13 49 39
19 59 97 62 47
60 93 58 15 04
50 52 08 21 53
13 93 44 68 85
58 31 58 83 66
2
Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200190001-1
15 18 25 01 66
55 20 86 34 70
18 15 82 52 83

5
.
Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200190001-1
CPYRGHT
51 39 28 59 36
43 89 85 05 96
28 54 99 83 27
99 94 32 53 77
54 23 94 19 18
79 52 64 62 74
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57 89 27 33 94
07 16 09 02 62
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12 31 19 28 08
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08 39 53 70 43
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96 77 01 94 40
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02 00 23 36 71
52 06 87 38 01
52 18 81 94 91
55 13 76 10 39
02 00 66 99 13
41 72 75 21 71
56 71 90 60 54
98 44 18 15 29
59 60 76 52 25
3
Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200190001-1
00 25 87 90 18
21 99 12 62 28
14 80 11 91 92
26 62 27 41 84
75 16 69 67 48
78 45 35 48 44
06 33 56 21 11
44 01 45 25 67
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10 91 73 44 58
29 88 09 52 88
21 64 44 65 87