CIA-RDP96-00787R000200080036-5

20 Mapproved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200080036-5-
Volume 196, No. 4292
LETTERS
Scientific Rivalries: A Sign of Vitality ?: F. J. Stech; Jensen's AAAS
Fellowship: W. J. McKeachie; S. Yancy-McGuire; M. S. Collins;
E. R. Kennedy; Civil Defense and Nuclear Blackmail: E. P. Wigner and
C. M. Haaland .
830
EDITORIAL
Science and Technology Strategy for the LDC's: M. S. Wionczek
837
ARTICLES
Molecular Metal Clusters: E. L. Muetterties
839
Science in the White House: A New Start: L. M. Branscomb.
848
NEWS AND COMMENT
Cancer Institute Unilaterally Issues New Restrictions on Mammography
853
Battle to Legitimize Laetrile Continues Unabated
854
How the Swedes Live Well While Consuming Less Energy
856
Smithsonian: "The Nation's Attic" Undergoing New Federal Scrutiny
857
Warnke Stuck with Verification Task
859
RESEARCH NEWS
Critical Phenomena: Experiments Show Theory on Right Track .
861
BOOK REVIEWS
The Healers, reviewed by J. H. Young; The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton,
M. S. Mahoney; Tree Physiology and Yield Improvement, M. H. Zimmermann;
Morphology and Biology of Reptiles, D. B. Wake; Reproduction of Eukaryotic
Cells, W. Plaut; Atoms and Molecules in Electric Fields, W. Happer; Books
Received and Book Order Service .
864
REPORTS
Geomorphic Degradations on the Surface of Venus: An Analysis of Venera 9 and
Venera 10 Data: C. P. Florensky, L. B. Ronca, A. T. Basilevsky
869
Determining the General Circulation of the Oceans: A Preliminary Discussion:
C. Wunsch
871
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
WILLIAM D. MC ELROY
Retiring President, Chairman
EMILIO Q. DADDARIO
President
EDWARD E. DAVID, JA.
President-Elect
MARTIN B. CUMMINGS
RUTH M. DAVIS
RENÉE C. FOX
MIKE MC CORMACK
MATHEMATICS (A)
Dorothy M. Stone
Truman A. Botts
PSYCHOLOGY (J)
Donald B. Lindsley
Edwin P. Hollander
PHYSICS (B)
Norman Rainsoy
Rolf M. Sinclair
CHEMISTRY (C)
Norman Hackorman
Leo Schubert
ASTRONOMY (D)
Beverly T. Lynds
Arlo U. Landolt
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K)
Matilda W. Riley
Daniel Rich
HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L) ENGINEERING (M)
Eman McMullin
Ernst Weber
Paul H. Robbins
George Basalla
EDUCATION (Q)
Herbert A. Smith
DENTISTRY (A)
Harold M. Fullmer
Sholom Peariman
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (S)
Stuart Eriksen
Raymond Jang
INFORMATION, COMPUTING, AND COMMUNICATION (T)
Lawronce P. Heilprin
Joseph Becker
PACIFIC DIVISION
SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DI-
David M. Hickok
Keith B. Mather
Executive Secretary
Robert T. Orr
President
Alan E. Leviton
Secretary-Treasurer
Enk K. Bonde
President
Max P. Duntor:
President
Executive Of ::
SCIENCE Is published wockly, except the last week in December, but with an extra Issue on the fourth Tuesday In November, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515
A: wowdels Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Now combined with The Scientific Monthly a. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C., and additional entry. Copyright & 1977 by the
Fone :. A sopahon for the Advancement of Science Member fais on request. Annual subscriptions $60; foreign postage. Canada $10; other suttaco $13. air-surface via Amsterdam 330. Single copies $2
Ca a rohs $) except Guide to Scientific Instruments $6. School year subs ceptens. 9 months $45; 10 months $50. Provide 6 weeks' notice for change of address, giving new and old :: Idresses and
: '' cors bond a recent address label, including your 7- digit account number. Postmaster: Send Form 3579 10 Science, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Science is
Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200080036-5
... :
CHAIRMEN AND
SECRETARIES OF
AAAS SECTIONS
. :
DIVISIONS
James T. Robinson
ALASKA DIVISION

report observed Approved forRelease 2001/03/25: CIA-RDP98-00787R000200080036-51
erred in not notifying congressional com-
mittees of its intent to purchase the col-
lection of the Cooper Union museum-
even though that was done with privately
raised money. Stevens also thought Con-
gress should have been in on the pur-
chase, particularly since, as it turned
out, some federal appropriations were
required for operations and construction
(total federal contributions have been
about $1.5 million). Smithsonian officials
seem to have felt that the way they han-
dled the purchase was all right since it
had the approval of the Regents, six of
whom are members of Congress.
Just what the Regents can approve on
their own has not been cleared up. For
example, Stevens appeared to
be
alarmed upon learning that the Smithso-
nian could-in theory, if not in prac-
tice-dispose of its research institute on
the Chesapeake Bay (a private acquisi-
tion) without congressional sanction.
"These must become federal properties
if we are to continue to fund them with
federal taxpayers' dollars," he opined.
Although the Smithsonian's top offi-
cials claim to be unruffled by the criti-
cism, one official told Science that there
is considerable concern that Congress is
going to try to "federalize" the institu-
tion. Federalization, says another,
would result in the termination of adven-
turous, public-oriented activities (such
as the annual Folklife Festival and the
magazine) that are supported with pri-
vate funds; would result in the subordi-
nation of artistic and scholarly judgment
to politics; and would constrict research.
Officials also claim a change in status
would violate the trust of many private
donors who have made gifts with the un-
derstanding that the Smithsonian was a
nonfederal institution.
However uneasy Congress may feel
about the Smithsonian's independent
ways, there have been few questions
raised about the quality of the museum's
collections or of the institution's core of
research and scholarly endeavor.
The Smithsonian's scientific establish-
ment, which includes 300 Ph.D .- level
scientists, enjoys a solid reputation and,
according to assistant secretary for sci-
ence David Challinor, the institution is
"fully competitive with universities" as
an employer.
Smithsonian science is best known for
its strength in systematics, which is
founded on the collection of the Museum
of Natural History, and astrophysics,
which is done at the Smithsonian As-
trophysical Laboratory in Cambridge,
Mass., and at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona,
20 MAY 1977
Original Smithsonian building
where the institution has a telescope.
Virtually all of the 106 museum scientists
are also curators who do research on the
collections and go on frequent field trips.
The astrophysical lab has 100 scientists,
the majority of whom work on govern-
ment contracts. The rest are at other
labs: the Chesapeake Bay Center for En-
vironmental Studies, the Fort Pierce Bu-
reau for marine research in Florida; the
Radiation Biology Laboratory in Mary-
land; the Tropical Research Institute in
Panama; and the National Zoo.
Challinor claims that Smithsonian sci-
entists do well by any measure-ability
to get research money, publications, and
cientific societies, re-
VICW
Academy of Sciences. There are, in fact,
ten NAS members in addition to Ripley
himself (whose election is regarded by
some as an honorific gesture, more in
recognition of his position than the quali-
ty of his research), and the late astrono-
mer Donald Menzel. The astrophysical
lab's current director, George Field,
turned down membership a couple of
years ago to protest the fact that the
NAS still takes on classified research.
The institution however, gives the
impression of being something of an ivory
tower because so much of its work is in
basic research. It has, for instance, been
monitoring ultraviolet solar radiation
since 1909-long before people generally
recognized the purpose of such a study.
"Only the Smithsonian is crazy enough
to do a nonsexy long term thing like
this," says Challinor.
Science absorbs about $40 million of
the total annual budget of about $120 mil-
Warnke Stuck with Verification Task
A little-noticed amendment to the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
(ACDA) authorization bill that passed the House on 3 May would require
ACDA director Paul C. Warnke to file "timely" reports to Congress on the
country's ability to verify all existing and proposed arms control agree-
ments. He would also have to notify Congress of any "degradation" in that
capability. But the motives and likely impact of the amendment are widely
believed to signify further hard going for Mr. Warnke, whose Senate con-
firmation nearly foundered on charges he was too "soft."
In introducing the amendment, its sponsor, Edward J. Derwinski (R-
Ill.), limited his explanation to a few colorless comments about the need for
more "effective" verification reporting to the Congress. But Robert Lago-
marsino (R-Calif.), rising to support the amendment, spoke what was prob-
ably on many of the congressmen's minds. He noted Warnke's decision,
effective days before, to abolish the ACDA Verification Bureau, and, in a
pointed disagreement, said the amendment was needed "so that there is no
misunderstanding in anyone's mind that the United States has not down-
graded the importance of verification."
The amendment's impact, some congressional liberals fear, could put
Warnke into conflict with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which now
performs verification on several treaties, coordinates the verification activi-
ties of other intelligence agencies, and reports on the subject to Congress.
Liberals further fear that the lengthy, exhaustive ACDA reports which
would be required on all arms control proposals could be used by his foes to
harass Warnke, whose past statements on verification issues were subjected
to lengthy, hostile cross-examination during the confirmation battle.
The amendment is given some chance of surviving House-Senate confer-
ence since the House passed it by a hefty margin of 259 to 148, and since
Warnke and ACDA are lying low on the subject. "The Director feels that
the agency can do the job if the Congress so wishes," says an agency official
in a less-than-hair-raising comment. ACDA apparently- sees the amend-
ment's language as sufficiently vague that it could comply without creating
too much of a stir. But whatever difference the amendment eventually
makes, at the moment it indicates the hair-trigger sensitivity of congressional
conservatives to Warnke's every move .- D.S.
Approved For Release. 200193426: CAA-RDP90-00787R000200080036-5
859
Its. attention
24/
letter
1 1dm. Davies as a followup / m